Ceramic Production and Social Change in the South east of the Iberian Peninsula between the Islamic and Christian Periods: The Case of Granada

We want to express our gratitude to Manuel Jesus Linares Losa and Jose Domingo Lentisco Navarro for sharing with us the conclusions of their in-depth study of the archaeological assemblages from Moclin and Lanjaron, respectively. Without their assistance this work would not have been possible. This work was undertaken within the frames of projects P18-FR-2046 and A-HUM-040-UGR18 "INCOME Industria y Comercio en al-Andalus. Siglos XII-XV", Convocatoria proyectos de I+D+i-Universidades y entidades publicas de investigacion y Proyectos I+D+I-Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucia 2014-2020, Junta de Andalucia; POST-TERY Sistemas productivos ceramicos post-medievales del sureste peninsular iberico: Arqueologia y Arqueometria (PPJIA2020.12), and FAJALAUZA-Hd. La alfareria post-medieval a la luz de las Humanidades digitales. Aportaciones desde Fajalauza, funded by Vicerrectorado de Investigacion Transferencia, and Vicerrectorado de Extension Universitaria y Patrimonio, Universidad de Granada. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA.The major social and political shifts undergone by the south eastern Iberian Peninsula, and specifically Granada, Spain, between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries brought about clear changes in the ceramic repertoire. This work analyzes these changes through the comparative analysis of three archaeological sites: the Castle of Moclín, the Palace of the Abencerrajes, and the Fortress of Lanjarón. These sites present a clear transitional sequence spanning Nasrid repertoires and Early Modern Castilian productions, including instances of both continuity and rupture. The article advances a new statistical methodology to analyze the degree of standardization of these productions, the coefficient of variation.Las grandes transformaciones sociales y políticas que tienen lugar en el sureste de la Península Ibérica y en concreto en Granada (España) desde el siglo XIV hasta el XVII, tuvieron una clara plasmación material en el repertorio cerámico. En esta investigación nos proponemos realizar un análisis de estos cambios a partir del estudio comparativo de tres yacimientos arqueológicos: el Castillo de Moclín, el Palacio de los Abencerrajes y la Fortaleza de Lanjarón. En ellos se nos ofrece una clara secuencia de transición entre los ajuares cerámicos nazaríes, las producciones netamente castellanas y modernas, pudiéndose observar rupturas y continuidades. Iniciando una metodología de análisis del nivel de estandarización de estas producciones a través de análisis estadísticos (coeficiente de variación).Junta de Andalucia P18-FR-2046 A-HUM-040-UGR18Vicerrectorado de Investigacion Transferencia, Universidad de GranadaVicerrectorado de Extension Universitaria y Patrimonio, Universidad de GranadaUniversidad de Granada / CBU

Optical vortex trapping and annihilation by means of nonlinear Bessel beams in nonlinear absorbing media

"This paper was published in Journal of the Optical Society of America B and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.35.003030. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law"[EN] In nonlinear Kerr media at intensities such that multiphoton absorption is significant, a vortex of topological charge m in the center of a high-order nonlinear Bessel beam (NBB) can be stable and subsist endlessly. We show that the m-charged NBB is not only stable but is formed spontaneously from any other n-charged NBB and N "foreign" vortices of total charge s that are randomly nested in the beam cross section if n + s = m. All nested vortices merge in the center of the original NBB, which undergoes a mode conversion to the NBB that preserves the topological charge and the inward-directed power current that sustains the diffraction-free and attenuation-free propagation in the medium with nonlinear absorption. We foresee different applications such as the creation of stable, multiple-charged vortices without tight alignment requirements but by spontaneous vortex combination, mixing waves or particles that the vortices can guide, fast annihilation of vortex dipoles, and cleaning of speckled beams by massive annihilation of vortices. (C) 2018 Optical Society of AmericaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (FIS2017-87360-P, MTM2015-63914-P).García-Riquelme, JL.; Ramos, F.; Porras, MA. (2018). Optical vortex trapping and annihilation by means of nonlinear Bessel beams in nonlinear absorbing media. Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 35(12):3030-3038. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.35.003030303030383512Rozas, D., Law, C. T., & Swartzlander, Jr., G. A. (1997). Propagation dynamics of optical vortices. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 14(11), 3054. doi:10.1364/josab.14.003054Kivshar, Y. S., Christou, J., Tikhonenko, V., Luther-Davies, B., & Pismen, L. M. (1998). Dynamics of optical vortex solitons. Optics Communications, 152(1-3), 198-206. doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(98)00149-7Christou, J., Tikhonenko, V., Kivshar, Y. S., & Luther-Davies, B. (1996). Vortex soliton motion and steering. Optics Letters, 21(20), 1649. doi:10.1364/ol.21.001649Luther-Davies, B., Christou, J., Tikhonenko, V., & Kivshar, Y. S. (1997). Optical vortex solitons: experiment versus theory. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 14(11), 3045. doi:10.1364/josab.14.003045Schwarz, U. T., Sogomonian, S., & Maier, M. (2002). Propagation dynamics of phase dislocations embedded in a Bessel light beam. Optics Communications, 208(4-6), 255-262. doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01621-8Rozas, D., Sacks, Z. S., & Swartzlander, G. A. (1997). Experimental Observation of Fluidlike Motion of Optical Vortices. Physical Review Letters, 79(18), 3399-3402. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.3399Rozas, D., & Swartzlander, G. A. (2000). Observed rotational enhancement of nonlinear optical vortices. Optics Letters, 25(2), 126. doi:10.1364/ol.25.000126Hansinger, P., Dreischuh, A., & Paulus, G. G. (2009). Optical vortices in self-focusing Kerr nonlinear media. Optics Communications, 282(16), 3349-3355. doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2009.05.037Porras, M. A., & Ramos, F. (2017). Quasi-ideal dynamics of vortex solitons embedded in flattop nonlinear Bessel beams. Optics Letters, 42(17), 3275. doi:10.1364/ol.42.003275Reyna, A. S., & de Araújo, C. B. (2015). Guiding and confinement of light induced by optical vortex solitons in a cubic–quintic medium. Optics Letters, 41(1), 191. doi:10.1364/ol.41.000191Salgueiro, J. R., Carlsson, A. H., Ostrovskaya, E., & Kivshar, Y. (2004). Second-harmonic generation in vortex-induced waveguides. Optics Letters, 29(6), 593. doi:10.1364/ol.29.000593Carlsson, A. H., Malmberg, J. N., Anderson, D., Lisak, M., Ostrovskaya, E. A., Alexander, T. J., & Kivshar, Y. S. (2000). Linear and nonlinear waveguides induced by optical vortex solitons. Optics Letters, 25(9), 660. doi:10.1364/ol.25.000660Shvedov, V. G., Rode, A. V., Izdebskaya, Y. V., Leykam, D., Desyatnikov, A. S., Krolikowski, W., & Kivshar, Y. S. (2010). Laser speckle field as a multiple particle trap. Journal of Optics, 12(12), 124003. doi:10.1088/2040-8978/12/12/124003Chen, M., & Roux, F. S. (2008). Accelerating the annihilation of an optical vortex dipole in a Gaussian beam. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 25(6), 1279. doi:10.1364/josaa.25.001279Wang, L., Tschudi, T., Halldórsson, T., & Pétursson, P. R. (1998). Speckle reduction in laser projection systems by diffractive optical elements. Applied Optics, 37(10), 1770. doi:10.1364/ao.37.001770Chen, M., & Roux, F. S. (2010). Evolution of the scintillation index and the optical vortex density in speckle fields after removal of the least-squares phase. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 27(10), 2138. doi:10.1364/josaa.27.002138Porras, M. A., Parola, A., Faccio, D., Dubietis, A., & Trapani, P. D. (2004). Nonlinear Unbalanced Bessel Beams: Stationary Conical Waves Supported by Nonlinear Losses. Physical Review Letters, 93(15). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.93.153902Polesana, P., Franco, M., Couairon, A., Faccio, D., & Di Trapani, P. (2008). Filamentation in Kerr media from pulsed Bessel beams. Physical Review A, 77(4). doi:10.1103/physreva.77.043814Porras, M. A., & Ruiz-Jiménez, C. (2014). Nondiffracting and nonattenuating vortex light beams in media with nonlinear absorption of orbital angular momentum. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 31(11), 2657. doi:10.1364/josab.31.002657Jukna, V., Milián, C., Xie, C., Itina, T., Dudley, J., Courvoisier, F., & Couairon, A. (2014). Filamentation with nonlinear Bessel vortices. Optics Express, 22(21), 25410. doi:10.1364/oe.22.025410Xie, C., Jukna, V., Milián, C., Giust, R., Ouadghiri-Idrissi, I., Itina, T., … Courvoisier, F. (2015). Tubular filamentation for laser material processing. Scientific Reports, 5(1). doi:10.1038/srep08914Johannisson, P., Anderson, D., Lisak, M., & Marklund, M. (2003). Nonlinear Bessel beams. Optics Communications, 222(1-6), 107-115. doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(03)01603-1Porras, M. A., Carvalho, M., Leblond, H., & Malomed, B. A. (2016). Stabilization of vortex beams in Kerr media by nonlinear absorption. Physical Review A, 94(5). doi:10.1103/physreva.94.053810Žukauskas, A., Malinauskas, M., & Brasselet, E. (2013). Monolithic generators of pseudo-nondiffracting optical vortex beams at the microscale. Applied Physics Letters, 103(18), 181122. doi:10.1063/1.4828662Polesana, P., Faccio, D., Di Trapani, P., Dubietis, A., Piskarskas, A., Couairon, A., & Porras, M. A. (2005). High localization, focal depth and contrast by means of nonlinear Bessel beams. Optics Express, 13(16), 6160. doi:10.1364/opex.13.006160Polesana, P., Dubietis, A., Porras, M. A., Kučinskas, E., Faccio, D., Couairon, A., & Di Trapani, P. (2006). Near-field dynamics of ultrashort pulsed Bessel beams in media with Kerr nonlinearity. Physical Review E, 73(5). doi:10.1103/physreve.73.056612Polesana, P., Couairon, A., Faccio, D., Parola, A., Porras, M. A., Dubietis, A., … Di Trapani, P. (2007). Observation of Conical Waves in Focusing, Dispersive, and Dissipative Kerr Media. Physical Review Letters, 99(22). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.223902Porras, M. A., Ruiz-Jiménez, C., & Losada, J. C. (2015). Underlying conservation and stability laws in nonlinear propagation of axicon-generated Bessel beams. Physical Review A, 92(6). doi:10.1103/physreva.92.06382

Hypertension in oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of the association of hypertension in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published before May 2022, not restricted by publication language or date. The methodological quality and risk of bias of primary-level studies were critically assessed. Meta-analyses were performed, as well as meta-regression, stratified, sensitivity and small-study effects analyses, a Galbraith (radial) plot, and trial sequential analysis. Quality of evidence was evaluated using GRADE system. Results: 104 studies, including 16,587 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The results show that patients who suffer from OLP have a high prevalence of hypertension (PP = 24.17%, 95% CI = 21.45–27.00), with a low quality of evidence. A significant association between hypertension and oral lichen planus was also reported (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01–1.63, p = 0.04), showing a moderate quality of evidence. Conclusions: Patients with OLP could be at an increased risk of suffering from hypertension which is probably due to multiple factors. Healthcare practitioners involved in OLP management should be aware of this comorbidity in order to apply suitable measures and make referrals if hypertension is suspected, although further research is needed.The research group CTS-392 (Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Junta de Andalucía, Spain). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBU

BFL1 Modulates Apoptosis at the Membrane Level through a Bifunctional And Multimodal Mechanism Showing Key Differences With BCLXL

BFL1 is a relatively understudied member of the BCL2 protein family which has been implicated in the pathogenesis andchemoresistance of a variety of human cancers, including hematological malignancies and solid tumours. BFL1 is generallyconsidered to have an antiapoptotic function, although its precise mode of action remains unclear. By quantitativelyanalyzing BFL1 action in synthetic membrane models and in cells, we found that BFL1 inhibits apoptosis through threedistinct mechanisms which are similar but not identical to those of BCLXL, the paradigmatic antiapoptotic BCL2 familyprotein. Strikingly, alterations in lipid composition during apoptosis activate a prodeath function of BFL1 that is based onnoncanonical oligomerization of the protein and breaching of the permeability barrier of the outer mitochondrial membrane(OMM). This lipid-triggered prodeath function of BFL1 is absent in BCLXL and also differs from that of the apoptoticeffector BAX, which sets it apart from other BCL2 family members. Ourfindings support a new model in which BFL1modulates apoptosis through a bifunctional and multimodal mode of action that is distinctly regulated by OMM lipidscompared to BCLXL.This work was supported by Grants BFU2011-28566 from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and IT838-13 from Gobierno Vasco. HFR is a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministerio de Educacion (Spain). We also thank to LE facility technician in the Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience for the support in STED experiments. Finally, we thank Dr. Frank Essmann and Prof. Klaus Schulze-Osthoff for providing the HCT116 BAX/BAK DKO cells and Prof. Jean Claude Martinou for HCT116 CL KO cells

Comprehensive ex vivo and in vivo preclinical evaluation of novel chemo enzymatic decellularized peripheral nerve allografts

As a reliable alternative to autografts, decellularized peripheral nerve allografts (DPNAs) should mimic the complex microstructure of native nerves and be immunogenically compatible. Nevertheless, there is a current lack of decellularization methods able to remove peripheral nerve cells without significantly altering the nerve extracellular matrix (ECM). The aims of this study are firstly to characterize ex vivo, in a histological, biochemical, biomechanical and ultrastructural way, three novel chemical-enzymatic decellularization protocols (P1, P2 and P3) in rat sciatic nerves and compared with the Sondell classic decellularization method and then, to select the most promising DPNAs to be tested in vivo. All the DPNAs generated present an efficient removal of the cellular material and myelin, while preserving the laminin and collagen network of the ECM (except P3) and were free from any significant alterations in the biomechanical parameters and biocompatibility properties. Then, P1 and P2 were selected to evaluate their regenerative effectivity and were compared with Sondell and autograft techniques in an in vivo model of sciatic defect with a 10-mm gap, after 15 weeks of follow-up. All study groups showed a partial motor and sensory recovery that were in correlation with the histological, histomorphometrical and ultrastructural analyses of nerve regeneration, being P2 the protocol showing the most similar results to the autograft control group.Spanish "Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion TecnologicaSpanish Government FIS PI17-0393 FIS PI20-0318Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo RegionalERDF-FEDER European Union P18-RT-5059Plan Andaluz de Investigacion, Desarrollo eInnovacion (PAIDI 2020)Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y UniversidadesJunta de Andalucia PI-0086-2020ERDF-FEDER, theEuropean Union CPP2021-009070Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Union Europea (NextGeneration EU)Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, Espan

In Vitro Generation of Novel Functionalized Biomaterials for Use in Oral and Dental Regenerative Medicine Applications. Running Title: Fibrin–Agarose Functionalized Scaffolds

Supplementary Materials The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1692/s1, Table S1: Statistical comparison of staining intensity for histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses in the specific samples considered in the present study.Recent advances in tissue engineering offer innovative clinical alternatives in dentistry and regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering combines human cells with compatible biomaterials to induce tissue regeneration. Shortening the fabrication time of biomaterials used in tissue engineering will contribute to treatment improvement, and biomaterial functionalization can be exploited to enhance scaffold properties. In this work, we have tested an alternative biofabrication method by directly including human oral mucosa tissue explants within the biomaterial for the generation of human bioengineered mouth and dental tissues for use in tissue engineering. To achieve this, acellular fibrin–agarose scaffolds (AFAS), non-functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (n-FAOM), and novel functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (F-FAOM) were developed and analyzed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of in vitro development to determine extracellular matrix components as compared to native oral mucosa controls by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrate that functionalization speeds up the biofabrication method and contributes to improve the biomimetic characteristics of the scaffold in terms of extracellular matrix components and reduce the time required for in vitro tissue development.Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I +D +I) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (ERDF-FEDER, European Union) FIS PI18/331 PI18/332Plan propio, Universidad de Granada PSETC_19_001Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia (European Regional Development Fund -FEDER

Generation of a Biomimetic Substitute of the Corneal Limbus Using Decellularized Scaffolds

Patients with severe limbal damage and limbal stem cell deficiency are a therapeutic challenge. We evaluated four decellularization protocols applied to the full-thickness and half-thickness porcine limbus, and we used two cell types to recellularize the decellularized limbi. The results demonstrated that all protocols achieved efficient decellularization. However, the method that best preserved the transparency and composition of the limbus extracellular matrix was the use of 0.1% SDS applied to the half-thickness limbus. Recellularization with the limbal epithelial cell line SIRC and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) was able to generate a stratified epithelium able to express the limbal markers p63, pancytokeratin, and crystallin Z from day 7 in the case of SIRC and after 14–21 days of induction when hADSCs were used. Laminin and collagen IV expression was detected at the basal lamina of both cell types at days 14 and 21 of follow-up. Compared with control native limbi, tissues recellularized with SIRC showed adequate picrosirius red and alcian blue staining intensity, whereas limbi containing hADSCs showed normal collagen staining intensity. These preliminary results suggested that the limbal substitutes generated in this work share important similarities with the native limbus and could be potentially useful in the future.Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I+D+i) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Grants FIS PI20/0317 and ICI21-00010, cofinanced by FEDER funds (European Union). This work was also supported by grant PI-0086-2020 from Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, Spain, and grant B-CTS-504-UGR20 (Proyectos de I+D+i en el marco del Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020) from the University of Granada, Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de Andalucía, and European Union (cofinanced by FEDER funds)

Pretratamiento con hialuronidasa mejora la tinción de colágeno en notocorda de esturión

Objective: The current study aimed to design a histological method to determine the presence and organization of the collagen network in sturgeon notochord. Methods: Serial sections of sturgeon notochord (Acipenser naccarii) were used and assigned to two different experimental groups: Hyaluronidase pre-treatment (HP) in an alcohol acid solution (1% HCl in 70% alcohol solution) for 15 min and hyaluronidase solution in a 2 µg/ ml concentration (pre-heated at 37º C), and control (CTR) group, without pre-treatment. Then, the ECM was assessed by two histochemical methods: Picrosirius Red (PR) staining for 30 min with Sirius red (0.1% of Sirius red in saturated aqueous picric acid), for collagen bundle staining, and Alcian Blue (AB) staining for glycosaminoglycans detection. Results: Samples analyzed in this study showed positive histochemical reaction for collagen fibers in both experimental groups. Referring to PR staining, the CTR group presented a larger and homogeneous reaction was observed in the entire samples, whereas HP group presented a more definite and intense pattern of collagen network. Also, this more intense signal in HP group matched with an increase of birefringence in polarized microscopy images of PR. However, HP group showed a lower intense and more heterogeneous signal when was compared with CTR group in AB staining. Conclusion: Using a simple histological example, our study illustrates the capability of a hyaluronidase pre-treatment to enhance picrosirius red staining in sturgeon notochord trough light and polarized microscopy.Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene por objetivo diseñar un método histológico para determinar la presencia y organización de la red de colágeno en la notocorda del esturión. Métodos: Secciones seriada de la notocorda de esturión (Acipenser naccarii) fueron utilizadas y se asignaron a dos grupos experimentales diferentes: pretratamiento de hialuronidasa (HP) en una solución de alcohol ácido (HCl al 1% en solución de alcohol al 70%) durante 15 minutos y posteriormente a una solución de hialuronidasa en una concentración de 2 μg / ml (precalentada a 37º C) y grupo de control (CTR), sin tratamiento previo. Luego, la ECM se evaluó mediante dos métodos histoquímicos: tinción Picrosirius Red (PR) durante 30 minutos con rojo Sirio (0,1% de rojo Sirio en una solución saturada de ácido pícrico), para la tinción de colágeno; y tinción con Alcian Blue (AB) para detección de glicosaminoglicanos. Resultados: Las muestras analizadas en este estudio mostraron una reacción histoquímica positiva para las fibras de colágeno en ambos grupos experimentales. Con respecto a la tinción PR, el grupo CTR presentó una reacción mayor y más homogénea en toda la superficie de las muestras, mientras que el grupo HP presentó un patrón red de colágeno más definido e intenso. Además, esta señal más intensa en el grupo HP coincidió con un aumento de la birrefringencia en las imágenes de microscopía polarizada de PR. Sin embargo, el grupo HP mostró una señal menos intensa y más heterogénea cuando se comparó con el grupo CTR en la tinción AB. Conclusión: Utilizando un ejemplo histológico simple, nuestro estudio ilustra la capacidad de un pretratamiento de hialuronidasa para mejorar la tinción de picrosirius en la notocorda del esturión a través de la luz y la microscopía polarizada

Preparation and characterization of 33-S samples for 33-S(n,alpha)30-Si cross-section measurements at the n_TOF facility at CERN

Thin 33S samples for the study of the 33S(n,a)30Si cross-section at the n_TOF facility at CERN were made by thermal evaporation of 33S powder onto a dedicated substrate made of kapton covered with thin layers of copper, chromium and titanium. This method has provided for the first time bare sulfur samples a few centimeters in diameter. The samples have shown an excellent adherence with no mass loss after few years and no sublimation in vacuum at room temperature. The determination of the mass thickness of 33S has been performed by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The samples have been successfully tested under neutron irradiation.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España-FPA2013-47327- C2-1-R, FPA2014-53290-C2-2-P, FPA2016-77689-C2-1-RJunta de Andalucía-P11-FQM-8229Ministerio de Economía y Empresa de España (Fondos FEDER)-FIS2015-69941-C2-1-PAECC (Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer)-PS16163811POR