Analytical simulation of RBS spectra of nanowire samples

Almost all, if not all, general purpose codes for analysis of Ion Beam Analysis data have been originally developed to handle laterally homogeneous samples only. This is the case of RUMP, NDF, SIMNRA, and even of the Monte Carlo code Corteo. General-purpose codes usually include only limited support for lateral inhomogeneity. In this work, we show analytical simulations of samples that consist of a layer of parallel oriented nanowires on a substrate, using a model implemented in NDF. We apply the code to real samples, made of vertical ZnO nanowires on a sapphire substrate. Two configurations of the nanowires were studied: 40 nm diameter, 4.1 μm height, 3.5% surface coverage; and 55 nm diameter, 1.1 μm height, 42% surface coverage. We discuss the accuracy and limits of applicability of the analysisAuthors thank funding from projects CTQ2014-53334-C2-2-R (MINECO, Spain) and NANOAVANSENS S2013/MIT 3029 (Comunidad de Madrid). A.R.C. acknowledges Juan de la Cierva program (under contract number JCI-2012-14509). This work was partially funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia under grant UID/Multi/04349/201

Relationship between sociometric types and academic goals in a sample of Spanish students of Secondary Education

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre tipos sociométricos, categorías conductuales y metas académicas en una muestra de 1349 estudiantes (51.7% chicos) de educación secundaria obligatoria. La identificación sociométrica de los estudiantes se realizó mediante el Programa Socio y las metas académicas fueron evaluadas mediante el AGTQ (Achievement Goals Tendencies Questionnaire). El AGTQ es una medida de autoinforme diseñada para medir tres orientaciones de metas: aprendizaje, logro y refuerzo social. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes nominados positivamente por sus compañeros presentaron mayores puntuaciones en metas de aprendizaje y de logro que los estudiantes nominados negativamente. Además, los tipos sociométricos fueron predictores significativos de las metas académicas, ya que los estudiantes nominados positivamente por sus compañeros presentaron mayor probabilidad de alcanzar altas metas de aprendizaje y de logro que los estudiantes nominados negativamente.The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sociometric types, behavioral categories and academic goals in a sample of 1349 students (51.7% boys) of compulsory secondary education. The students’ sociometric identification was performed by the Programa Socio and academic goals was measured by the AGTQ (Achievement Goals Tendencies Questionnaire). The AGTQ is a self-report measure designed to measure three tendencies of goals: Learning goals, Achievement goals and Reinforcement Social goals. Results show that students nominated by their peers positively had higher scores on Learning and Achievement goals than students negatively nominated. Furthermore, sociometric types were significant predictors of academic goals, as students nominated by their peers positively were more likely to achieve high Learning goals and Achievement goals that students negatively nominated.Este trabajo ha sido realizado a través del Proyecto SEJ 2004-07311/EDUC perteneciente al Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica del MEC concedido al primer autor

High pressure metamorphism of ophiolites in Cuba

High-pressure metamorphic complexes of ophiolitic material in Cuba trace the evolution of the northern margin of the Caribbean Plate during the Mesozoic. In the northern ophiolite belt of western and central Cuba, these complexes document cold (i.e., mature) subduction of oceanic lithosphere. Age data indicate subduction during pre-Aptian times followed by mélange formation and uplift during the Aptian-Albian. The P-T evolution is clockwise with relatively hot geothermal gradient during exhumation (i.e., "Alpine-type"), suggesting that exhumation may have been triggered by unroofing processes ensuing arrest of subduction. It is hypothesized that tectonic processes related to termination of subduction led to formation of characteristic oscillatory zoning of garnet recorded in blocks separated by ca. 800 km along strike of the belt. In eastern Cuba, the complexes document hot subduction with peak conditions at ca. 750 ºC, 15-18 kbar followed by near-isobaric cooling (i.e., counterclockwise P-T path). The contrasting petrologic evolution in the two regions indicates that the correlation of eastern and western-central Cuban mélanges is doubtful. The age and tectonic context of formation of these hot-subduction complexes is uncertain, but available data are consistent with formation during the Aptian-Albian due to a) the birth of a new subduction zone and/or b) subduction of young oceanic lithosphere or a ridge. Furthermore, tectonic juxtaposition of high-pressure ophiolitic material and subducted platform metasediments in the Escambray complex (central Cuba) that were decompressed under relatively cold geothermal gradients ("Franciscan-type" P-T paths) indicates syn-subduction exhumation during the uppermost Cretaceous (ca. 70 Ma). The diversity of P-T paths, ages and tectonic settings of formation of the high-pressure complexes of ophiolitic material in Cuba document a protracted history of subduction at the northern margin of the Caribbean Plate during the Mesozoic

Strong enhancement of superconductivity at high pressures within the charge-density-wave states of 2H-TaS 2 and 2H-TaSe 2

We present measurements of the superconducting and charge density wave critical temperatures (Tc and TCDW) as a function of pressure in the transition metal dichalchogenides 2H-TaSe2 and 2H-TaS2. Resistance and susceptibility measurements show that Tc increases from temperatures below 1 K up to 8.5 K at 9.5 GPa in 2H-TaS2 and 8.2 K at 23 GPa in 2H-TaSe2. We observe a kink in the pressure dependence of TCDW at about 4 GPa that we attribute to the lock-in transition from incommensurate CDW to commensurate CDW. Above this pressure, the commensurate TCDW slowly decreases coexisting with superconductivity within our full pressure range.Comment: Published in Phys. Rev B 93, 184512 (2016

Luxación anterior de codo en la infancia : a propósito de 1 caso

La luxación anterior de codo es una lesión excepcional que suele ocurrir cuando existen factores facilitadores como una hiperlaxitud articular, una hipoplasia de olécranon o deformidades adquiridas por traumatismo previo. El propósito de este artículo es presentar un nuevo caso con esta lesión en un niño de 8 años de edad sin factores facilitadores aparentes, así como analizar la fisiopatología de la lesión, las opciones terapéuticas y el pronóstico futuroAnterior dislocation of the elbow is a rare lesion. Hipermobility of joint, olecranon hipoplasy or elbow postraumatic deformities predisposed to the anterior dislocation of the elbow. The purpose of this paper is to point out a new case with this rare lesion in a child of 8 years old, without predisponent factors. We analized the injury phisiopathology, therapeutic options and future pronostic

On the true optical properties of zinc nitride

Copyright (2011) American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Applied Physics Letters 99.23 (2011): 232112-3 and may be found at http://apl.aip.org

Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation sensitizes to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by impairing mitophagy.

The role of lysosomes in acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of genetic and drug-induced lysosomal cholesterol (LC) accumulation in APAP hepatotoxicity. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase)(-/-) mice exhibit LC accumulation and higher mortality after APAP overdose compared to ASMase(+/+) littermates. ASMase(-/-) hepatocytes display lower threshold for APAP-induced cell death and defective fusion of mitochondria-containing autophagosomes with lysosomes, which decreased mitochondrial quality control. LC accumulation in ASMase(+/+) hepatocytes caused by U18666A reproduces the susceptibility of ASMase(-/-) hepatocytes to APAP and the impairment in the formation of mitochondria-containing autolysosomes. LC extraction by 25-hydroxycholesterol increased APAP-mediated mitophagy and protected ASMase(-/-) mice and hepatocytes against APAP hepatotoxicity, effects that were reversed by chloroquine to disrupt autophagy. The regulation of LC by U18666A or 25-hydroxycholesterol did not affect total cellular sphingomyelin content or its lysosomal distribution. Of relevance, amitriptyline-induced ASMase inhibition in human hepatocytes caused LC accumulation, impaired mitophagy and increased susceptibility to APAP. Similar results were observed upon glucocerebrosidase inhibition by conduritol β-epoxide, a cellular model of Gaucher disease. These findings indicate that LC accumulation determines susceptibility to APAP hepatotoxicity by modulating mitophagy, and imply that genetic or drug-mediated ASMase disruption sensitizes to APAP-induced liver injury

Estimating carnivore community structures

'Juan de la Cierva' research contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [JCI-2012-13066

La siringomielia como factor de riesgo en la cirugía vertebral: Utilidad de los potenciales evocados intraoperatorios en un caso

Toda intervención quirúrgica sobra la columna vertebral conlleva un riesgo de lesión medular. Éste se multiplica cuando existe una patología medular de base. En los últimos años, gracias a la aparición de la monitorización neurofisiológica intraoperatoria, las complicaciones neurológicas intraoperatorias han disminuido. En el siguiente artículo, exponemos un caso de escoliosis secundaria a sirigomielia, en el que gracias al uso de potenciales evocados durante la cirugía, se han podido evitar lesiones neurológica irreversibles.Surgical correction of spinal deformities entails a risk of medullary dramage, and this can be higher when medullar pathology is associated. In last years, intraoperative neurological complications have decreased thanks to the intraoperative monitoring of neurophysiological parameters. In this work, we review a patient with scoliosis secondary to syringomyelia. The use of somatosensory evoked potentials during surgery allowed avoiding irreversible neurological complications

Prey choice, provisioning behaviour, and effects of early nutrition on nestling phenotype of titmice

[EN] It is generally assumed that blue and great tits (Cyanistes caeruleus, Parus major) compete for the same type of food (Lepidoptera larvae) during the breeding season and that the former have some advantage because they are usually earlier and can exploit small caterpillars that are often more abundant and are not consumed by great tits. However, it is not clear whether, when confronted with similar circumstances (e.g., nestling demand), blue and great tits show similar preferences for a particular caterpillar type. In this 2-y study, we compare the diet of both tit species in detail by controlling for hatching date and brood size. We also examine how the contribution of caterpillars and spiders to the diet is related to nestling development. A positive relationship was found between the percentage of spiders in the diet and nestling tarsus length in both species, reinforcing the idea that neonatal nutrition could have a strong influence on nestling phenotype (e.g., offspring size). Such a correlation may arise because spiders contain a high level of taurine, an essential nutrient in the early development of young, and/or this prey type contains more calcium than other food items, which may affect the rate of nestling bone mineralization. Blue tits fed their young double the number of tortricid larvae in comparison with great tits, whereas the latter showed a clear preference for noctuids and exploited, with a low frequency, a type of larvae not consumed by blue tits, hairy caterpillars (Lasiocampidae). Our results point to resource partitioning by these species in this forest ecosystem and contribute to a better understanding of feeding ecology of titmice, which is particularly timely in a global warming context [FR] Il est généralement admis que les mésanges bleues (Cyanistes caeruleus) et les mésanges charbonnières (Parus major) se font compétition pour le même type de nourriture (larves de lépidoptères) durant la période de reproduction. Il est également admis que les mésanges bleues possèdent un certain avantage, car elles se reproduisent plus tôt et mangent de petites chenilles souvent plus abondantes qui ne sont pas consommées par les mésanges charbonnières. Cependant, il n'est pas clair si dans les mêmes conditions (ex. de demande en nourriture des oisillons), les mésanges bleues et charbonnières préfèrent les mêmes types de chenilles. Dans cette étude de 2 ans, nous avons comparé en détail les régimes alimentaires des 2 espèces de mésanges en contrôlant pour la date de ponte et la taille de la couvée. Nous avons aussi examiné si les contributions des chenilles et des araignées au régime alimentaire étaient reliées au développement des oisillons. Chez les 2 espèces, une relation positive a été trouvée entre le pourcentage d'araignées dans le régime alimentaire et la longueur du tarse des oisillons renforçant ainsi l'idée que la nutrition néonatale peut avoir une grande influence sur le phénotype des oisillons (ex. la taille des jeunes). Une telle corrélation peut résulter du fait que les araignées ont un taux élevé de taurine, un nutriment essentiel au développement précoce des jeunes, et/ou que ce type de proie contient plus de calcium que d'autres aliments ce qui peut influencer le taux de minéralisation des os chez les oisillons. Les mésanges bleues ont nourri leurs jeunes avec deux fois plus de larves de tortricidés que les mésanges charbonnières qui elles ont montré une nette préférence pour les noctuidés. Ces dernières ont aussi consommé, quoique peu fréquemment, des livrées (Lasiocampidae), un type de larves boudé par les mésanges bleues. Nos résultats pointent vers une division des ressources entre ces espèces dans cet écosystème forestier et contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de l'écologie alimentaire des mésanges ce qui est particulièrement utile dans un contexte de réchauffement climatiqueV. García-Navas was supported by a FPI predoctoral fellowship (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)-European Social Fund). This study was financed by the MICINN (grant reference: GCL2007-61395)Peer Reviewe