4 research outputs found
Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) en la región hidrológica Grijalva-Usumacinta en Tabasco, México
After the first finding of Tarebia granifera in September 2007 in Lake Tintal in the Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de Centla, a search was conducted in 40 lakes, 6 rivers, 1 stream and two drains: 14 sites from the municipality of Centla, 3 from Centro, 11 from Paraiso, 1 from Nacajuca, 3 from Cardenas, 14 from Jonuta and 3 from Macuspana. Sampling was conducted in September 2008 andMay and September 2009. The sampling was random taking 10 samples using five liters Van Veen grab. Tarebia granifera was collected in 11 sites out of 49 in three municipalities: in the town of Centro is was found in L. Pucte and L. La Ceiba; Centla in L. Guanal, L. San Isidro, L. Viento, L. Larga, L. Tintal and L. Concepcion; and Macuspana in L. Loncho, L. Ismate-Chilapilla and L. Chilapa. The polygon of distribution of T. granifera is between the coordinates UTM 509588-590058 X and 1989183-1976233 Y (17º59’27.3’’-17º52’19.3’’ N y 92º54’34.0’’-92º08’59.7’’ W). The City of Villahermosa is considered as an introduction and dispersal center. The localities that presented the highest abundance values were: L. Tintal with a total 7,944 individuals, L. Pucte with 7,048 and L. Ismate-Chilapilla with 1,268. This study confirms the competence between T. granifera and Melanoides tuberculata being the former favored.Después del primer hallazgo de Tarebia granifera en septiembre de 2007 en la laguna Tintal, en la Reserva de la Biósfera Pantanos de Centla (RBPC), se realizó una búsqueda en 40 lagunas, 6 ríos, un arroyo y dos drenes: 14 sitios en el municipio de Centla, 3 en Centro, 11 en Paraíso, 1 en Nacajuca, 3 en Cárdenas, 14 en Macuspana y 3 en Jonuta. Los muestreos se realizaron en mayo y septiembre de 2008 y mayo y septiembre de 2009. El muestreo fue al azar tomándose 10 muestras con una draga Van Veen de cinco litros. De los 49 sitios, sólo en 11 de tres municipios se recolectó T. granifera: en el municipio de Centro en L. Pucte y L. la Ceiba; Centla en L. Guanal, L. San Isidro, L. Viento, L. Larga, L. Tintal y L. Concepción; y Macuspana en L. Loncho, L. Ismate-Chilapilla y L. Chilapa. El polígono de distribución de T. granifera está entre las coordenadas UTM 509588-590058 X y 1989183-1976233 Y (17º59’27.3’’-17º52’19.3’’ N y 92º54’34.0’’-92º08’59.7’’ O). Se considera como centro de introducción y dispersión a la Ciudad de Villahermosa. Las localidades que presentaron las máximas abundancias fueron: L. Tintal con 7,944 individuos, L. Pucte con 7,048 y L. Ismate Chilapilla con 1,268. Se comprueba la competencia de esta especie con Melanoides tuberculata siendo favorecida T. granifera
I Can See You: Temporal Variation in Ant Aggressiveness Towards Herbivores under Continuous Provision of High- or Low-quality Food Sources
To reduce herbivory, plants bearing extrafloral nectaries interact with ants and attract them by providing food. As plant bodyguards, ants respond to the resource provision and, using their antennae, detect chemical messages from the host plants that help them to locate herbivores. Ants can also use their vision to explore the environment; however, information is lacking on how interactions between visual signs and the availability of extrafloral nectar affect ant aggressiveness near resources. We addressed the following question in this study: does the ants’ ability to visualize potential herbivores enhance their aggression under a constant provision of a high-quality food source? Using an experimental approach within the semiarid intertropical region of Tehuacan-Cuicatlán (Mexico), we manipulated the availability of food sources by constantly offering artificial nectaries on the shrub Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae). Over two time periods (day and night), we tested how the presence of a high-quality food source affected ant aggressiveness to herbivores. Therefore, we offered dummy caterpillars and counted the number of marks left by enemy attacks. Overall the attack rate was extremely high: 84.25% of the dummy caterpillars were injured. Ants were responsible for 86.22% of the marks left by enemies, and their aggression increased during the day, especially towards caterpillars in trees with high-quality food sources. During the night, ants probably rely mostly on their antennae to detect potential herbivores; therefore, their ability to detect dummy caterpillars was greater during the day. We show that, besides nectar quality and availability, visualizing herbivores may enhance ant aggressiveness.
Estructura de tallas de la almeja Psoronaias crocodilorum (Unionidae) en la Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de Centla, México
We assessed population parameters in two populations of mussels, Psoronaias crocodilorum, in the San Pedrito River and the Naranjos River in the Centla Wetlands Biosphere Reserve (CWBR), Mexico. Samples were collected in May 2008, and we determined their density and conducted a morphometric study. For each sample, we measured water depth, temperature, salinity, pH, organic matter and sand, silt and clay percentage. The San Pedrito river bank had a surface of 1200.12 m2 vs. 562.00 m2 in Los Naranjos. Shell length in San Pedrito was 21.26 76.16 mm vs. 22.20 83.30 in Los Naranjos; the most frequent length in both sites was 58.71 60.11 mm. Shell weight averaged 87.43% of the mussels total weight. MV in San Pedrito was 219.41 g/m2 and 81.75 g/m2 in Los Naranjos. Density in San Pedrito was 22.90 org/m2 and 10.50 org/m2 in Los Naranjos. Texture in sediment was loamy sand with 30.17% organic matter in San Pedrito, and 27.43% in Los Naranjos. Physicochemical parameters and the proportion of sand, silt and clay were similar in both sites. None of the mussel banks had biological, ecological or economic features for a fishery, especially due to their low abundance.En dos poblaciones del bivalvo Psoronaias crocodilorum localizados en los ríos San Pedrito y Los Naranjos, en la Reserva de la Biosfera Pantanos de Centla México (RBPC), se evaluaron algunos parámetros poblacionales. Las muestras se recolectaron en mayo del 2008, determinándose la densidad, y la estructura de talla, además de la profundidad, la temperatura, salinidad, pH, materia orgánica y porcentaje de arena, limo y arcilla. El área del banco en San Pedrito fue de 1200.13 m2 y de 562.00 m2 para Los Naranjos. La longitud de la concha para San Pedrito fue de 21.26 a 76.16 mm y de 22.20 a 83.30 mm para Los Naranjos, con una mayor frecuencia de talla entre 58.74 y 60.10 mm para las dos sitios. El peso de la concha representó el 87.43% en promedio del peso total de la almeja. La masa visceral (MV) en el banco de San Pedrito fue de 219.41 g/m2 y de 81.75 g/m2 para Los Naranjos. La densidad en San Pedrito fue de 22.90 org/m2 y de 10.50 org/m2 en Los Naranjos. La textura del sedimento fue migajón-arenoso con 30.17 % de materia orgánica para San Pedrito y de 27.43% para Los Naranjos. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos y la proporción de arena, limo y arcilla fueron similares en ambos sitios
Riqueza de moluscos acuáticos en las Cuencas Hidrológicas Río Grijalva-Villahermosa y Río Tonalá, Lagunas del Carmen-Machona en Tabasco, México
The richness of aquatic snails was determined, on two basin of the state of Tabasco, samples were taken at 23 locations during two seasons, the rainy season (September and October 2008) and the dry season (April and May 2009). The organisms were collected from the roots of Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) and those adhered to Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). Thirteen gastropods and three bivalves associated with water hyacinth as well as four gastropods and four bivalves from mangrove roots were collected. The CH Grijalva River-Villahermosa present he highest species richness 21 and 20 species were within the Subc. Carrizal River 52.17% of the species were from freshwater and collected on water lily; 30.44% were collected were brackish and collected on mangrove roots; 17.39% on euryhaline and harvested on both vegetation types. As for the estimation of richness, a difference of one to five species was observed between then species richness estimated and that estimated with SChao2. Of the 23 species recorded in this study none are listed in the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. The most abundant freshwater species on the two basins were Pyrgophorus coronatus, Mexinauta impluviata, Littoridinops tenuipes, Mayabina polita and Pomacea flagellata; and brackish Mytilopsis leucophaeata, Brachidontes exustus, Littorina angulifera, Neritina virginea and Musculium transversum. The greatest richness and abundance of molluscs associated with both E. crassipes as R. mangle were present during the rainy season.En dos Cuencas del estado de Tabasco, se determinó la riqueza de moluscos acuáticos, los muestreos se realizaron en 23 localidades durante dos temporadas, lluvias (septiembre y octubre 2008) y estiaje (abril y mayo 2009). Los organismos fueron recolectados sobre las raíces de Rhizophora mangle (mangle rojo) y adheridas a Eichhornia crassipes (lirio acuático). Se recolectaron, un total de 23 especies 13 gasterópodos y tres bivalvos asociados a lirio acuático y cinco gasterópodos y cuatro bivalvos en raíces de mangle. La mayor riqueza específica se presentó en la Cuenca HidrológicaRío Grijalva-Villahermosa con 21 especies y dentro de ella la Subcuenca Río Carrizal con 20 especies. El 52.17%, de las especies recolectadas fueron dulceacuícolas y recolectadas sobre lirio acuático; el 30.44% salobres y recolectadas en raíces de mangle; el 17.39% eurihalinas y recolectadas en ambos tipos de vegetación. En cuanto a la estimación de la riqueza, se observó una diferencia de una a cinco especies entre la riqueza específica observada y la estimada por SChao2. De las 23 especies registradas ninguna se encuentra listada en la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Las especies dulceacuícolas más abundantes en las dos cuencas fueron Pyrgophorus coronatus, Mexinauta impluviata, Littoridinops tenuipes, Mayabina polita y Pomacea flagellata; y las salobres Mytilopsis leucophaeata, Brachidontes exustus, Littorina angulifera,Neritina virginea y Musculium transversum. La mayor riqueza y abundancia de moluscos asociados tanto a E. crassipes como a R. mangle se presentaron durante la temporada de lluvias