Métodos para la limpieza física, química y biológica de las fábricas de piedra de monumentos históricas. El caso de San Lorenzo del Real de Burgos

The restoration process of historic stone-masonry monuments is described in this article. The intervention has to be conducted according to the specific character of the monument while recovering its original appearance. The restoration process of the principal facade of the Church of San Lorenzo el Real, Burgos (Spain) is described in this article, as an example of a historical monument located in an urban environment. In the first place, the history was researched and a compilation was made of all the extant documentation on its constructive evolution and the nature of its materials. We characterized the different types of limestone and we analyzed the mortar bonds in the masonry. Once the characteristics and the properties of the materials were known and their degree of decay, cleaning techniques were selected. The programme of work successfully renovated the church building, through the restoration of its main façade.El presente artículo muestra el proceso de restauración de las fábricas de piedra en monumentos históricos. La intervención tiene que llevarse a cabo de acuerdo a la personalidad del monumento, recuperando su aspecto original. En este artículo se describe el proceso de restauración de la fachada principal de la Iglesia de San Lorenzo el Real en Burgos (España), como un ejemplo de monumento histórico situado en ambientes urbanos. En primer lugar, se realiza una investigación histórica y se recopila toda la documentación existente tanto de su evolución constructiva como de la naturaleza de sus materiales. Caracterizamos las diferentes variedades de piedra caliza y analizamos los morteros de juntas de las fábricas de piedra. Una vez conocidas las características y propiedades de los materiales y su grado de deterioro, se establecen los métodos de limpieza a utilizar. Las actuaciones realizadas han conseguido recuperar el monumento, con la restauración de la fachada principal

Biology of moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria

The moderately halophilic heterotrophic aerobic bacteria form a diverse group of microorganisms. The property of halophilism is widespread within the bacterial domain. Bacterial halophiles are abundant in environments such as salt lakes, saline soils, and salted food products. Most species keep their intracellular ionic concentrations at low levels while synthesizing or accumulating organic solutes to provide osmotic equilibrium of the cytoplasm with the surrounding medium. Complex mechanisms of adjustment of the intracellular environments and the properties of the cytoplasmic membrane enable rapid adaptation to changes in the salt concentration of the environment. Approaches to the study of genetic processes have recently been developed for several moderate halophiles, opening the way toward an understanding of haloadaptation at the molecular level. The new information obtained is also expected to contribute to the development of novel biotechnological uses for these organisms

Essential oils from aromatic plant species and Insecticidal effects on dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae) in mobile juveniles

This piece of work was made to characterize physical and chemical properties of essential oils extracted from four aromatic plants species collected in Mexico according to international norms. It was additionally of interest, to determine analytically their compounds and contents. Finally, to study insecticide potential on first instar wild cochineal, an important cactus pest in México. Oils were extracted by means of steam distillation and characterization was made according to international norms AFNOR NA T-101, NA T 75-112 (ISO 280-1976) and NF V 75-113 (ISO 592-1981). Qualitative and quantitative determinations of compounds were made with a Hewlett Packard Gas Chromatograph 5890 Model series II (Palo Alto, Ca.), connected to a Mass Selective Detector Hewlett Packard Model 5972. The insecticide effect was determined by means of bioassay on first instar larvae mobile juveniles and regression parameters calculated using Probit Analysis. Results showed that physical and chemical characteristics of extracted oils fulfill international norms. Most important compounds found in mint: limonene (15%), carvone (61%), in sweet basil: estragole (20%) and linalool (30%), in origanum: p-cymeno (21%) and carvacrol (43%), finally in citronella were found endo-1-bourbonanol (12%), citronelol (13%), elemol (17%) and citronelal (40%). The mean lethal concentration (LC 50) of the mint oil in cochineal mobile juveniles was 7,200 ppm, albacar, 21.600, whereas origanum and citronella showed much greater LC 50 values (46.000 and 59.400, respectively). As compared to LC 50 value (1,800 ppm) of tested conventional insecticide mineral oil SAF-T-SIDE (Monterrey-Lawn and Garden Products Inc) mint LC 50 value showed Relative Insecticidal Effect = 4X which means less insecticide effect than the conventional insecticide. This result suggests mint essential oil as a prospect to be used as a natural control agent for this cactus pest

Essential oils from aromatic plant species and Insecticidal effects on dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae) in mobile juveniles

This piece of work was made to characterize physical and chemical properties of essential oils extracted from four aromatic plants species collected in Mexico according to international norms. It was additionally of interest, to determine analytically their compounds and contents. Finally, to study insecticide potential on first instar wild cochineal, an important cactus pest in México. Oils were extracted by means of steam distillation and characterization was made according to international norms AFNOR NA T-101, NA T 75-112 (ISO 280-1976) and NF V 75-113 (ISO 592-1981). Qualitative and quantitative determinations of compounds were made with a Hewlett Packard Gas Chromatograph 5890 Model series II (Palo Alto, Ca.), connected to a Mass Selective Detector Hewlett Packard Model 5972. The insecticide effect was determined by means of bioassay on first instar larvae mobile juveniles and regression parameters calculated using Probit Analysis. Results showed that physical and chemical characteristics of extracted oils fulfill international norms. Most important compounds found in mint: limonene (15%), carvone (61%), in sweet basil: estragole (20%) and linalool (30%), in origanum: p-cymeno (21%) and carvacrol (43%), finally in citronella were found endo-1-bourbonanol (12%), citronelol (13%), elemol (17%) and citronelal (40%). The mean lethal concentration (LC 50) of the mint oil in cochineal mobile juveniles was 7,200 ppm, albacar, 21.600, whereas origanum and citronella showed much greater LC 50 values (46.000 and 59.400, respectively). As compared to LC 50 value (1,800 ppm) of tested conventional insecticide mineral oil SAF-T-SIDE (Monterrey-Lawn and Garden Products Inc) mint LC 50 value showed Relative Insecticidal Effect = 4X which means less insecticide effect than the conventional insecticide. This result suggests mint essential oil as a prospect to be used as a natural control agent for this cactus pest

Amelanotic melanoma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism

Oculocutaneous albinism is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive group of disorders characterized by a generalized decreased or absence of melanin pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin. These patients have a greater sensitivity to UV radiation and a predisposition to skin tumors, mainly squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinomas, and to a lesser extent malignant melanomas. Melanoma can be one of the most challenging cancers to diagnose in patients with albinism. We report an uncommon clinical presentation of melanoma, an amelanotic melanoma in the right supraciliar region in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism. The clinical presentation was an erythematous, scaly and ill-defined plaque. The skin biopsy revealed a lentigo maligna melanoma. Amelanotic melanomas are one of the two most difficult to diagnose subtypes of melanoma, together with the nevoid type. Melanoma in oculocutaneous albinism patients are often amelanotic, which makes their clinical diagnosis very difficult. These patients should be examined in the dermatology department at least once a year and it is recommended to have a high index of suspicion

Amelanotic melanoma in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism

Oculocutaneous albinism is a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive group of disorders characterized by a generalized decreased or absence of melanin pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin. These patients have a greater sensitivity to UV radiation and a predisposition to skin tumors, mainly squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinomas, and to a lesser extent malignant melanomas. Melanoma can be one of the most challenging cancers to diagnose in patients with albinism. We report an uncommon clinical presentation of melanoma, an amelanotic melanoma in the right supraciliar region in a patient with oculocutaneous albinism. The clinical presentation was an erythematous, scaly and ill-defined plaque. The skin biopsy revealed a lentigo maligna melanoma. Amelanotic melanomas are one of the two most difficult to diagnose subtypes of melanoma, together with the nevoid type. Melanoma in oculocutaneous albinism patients are often amelanotic, which makes their clinical diagnosis very difficult. These patients should be examined in the dermatology department at least once a year and it is recommended to have a high index of suspicion

Solitary circumscribed neuroma of the glans penis. An unusual finding

Palisaded encapsulated neuroma is a rare, benign neural tumor. The involvement of the glans penis is rare; few cases have been reported. We present a 52-year-old man with a five-month course of a solitary painless lesion of the glans penis. Full excision of the nodule was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses and examination was consistent with a palisaded encapsulated neuroma. We describe one of a few existing cases of this kind of tumor in the glans penis

Relación entre el volumen extracelular en el miocardio remoto y el remodelado ventricular en el síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del segmento st

Trabajo presentado en el SEC 2018: Congreso de las Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, celebrado en Sevilla, del 25 al 27 de octubre de 2018Previamente hemos demostrado un aumento progresivo de AXL circulante (sAXL) post-IAMCEST, un receptor transmembrana relacionado con la regulación inflamatoria. Niveles más altos se asocian a insuficiencia cardiaca y son un predictor independiente de remodelado ventricular adverso. Métodos: Para determinar si la contribución de sAXL en el remodelado se produce por un aumento de la fibrosis en el miocardio remoto, se determinó el volumen extracelular (VEC) mediante resonancia cardiaca en la fase aguda y a los 6 meses post-IAMCEST en una población de 33 individuos. Se determinaron los niveles de sAXL a las 24h, 7 días y 6 meses mediante ELISA. Resultados: Los valores de VEC en el miocardio remoto se incrementaron en la mayoría de pacientes a los 6 meses del infarto (23,92 ± 2,99% basal frente a 25,59 ± 2,67% a los 6 meses, p 28,5% en el seguimiento tenían mayores niveles de sAXL en el primer día (53,6 ± 17,9 ng/ml frente a 39,9 ± 14,1 ng/ml; p 0,029). VEC basal VEC seguimiento r p r p iVTDVI inicial 0,361 0,028 0,288 0,043 iVTSVI inicial 0,280 0,093 0,311 0,028 iVTDVI 6m 0,213 0,226 0,356 0,010 iVTSVI 6m 0,265 0,130 0,368 0,008 BNP admisión 0,323 0,051 0,317 0,023 Conclusiones: sAXL ejerce su modulación sobre el remodelado adverso posinfarto a través del aumento de la fibrosis en el miocardio remoto, de manera independiente a otros mediadores neurohormonales como en BNP.Peer reviewe