Fast and accurate NN approach for multi-event annotation of time series

technical reportSimilarity search in time-series subsequences is an important time series data mining task. Searching in time series subsequences for matches for a set of shapes is an extension of this task and is equally important. In this work we propose a simple but efficient approach for finding matches for a group of shapes or events in a given time series using a Nearest Neighbor approach. We provide various improvements of this approach including one using the GNAT data structure. We also propose a technique for finding similar shapes of widely varying temporal width. Both of these techniques for primitive shape matching allow us to more accurately and efficiently form an event representation of a time-series, leading in turn to finding complex events which are composites of primitive events. We demonstrate the robustness of our approaches in detecting complex shapes even in the presence of ?don?t care? symbols. We evaluate the success of our approach in detecting both primitive and complex shapes using a data set from the Fluid Dynamics domain. We also show a speedup of up to 5 times over a na?ve nearest neighbor approach

Metformin attenuates hepatic insulin resistance in type-2 diabetic rats through PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signalling independent to bicuculline-sensitive GABAA receptor stimulation

Context: Metformin attenuates type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced hepatic dysfunction and altered PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signalling in experimental studies. However, its effect on bicuculline-sensitive gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)-A receptor (GABAAR)-mediated calcium-dependent PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signalling in liver challenged to T2DM has not been established. Objective: The effectiveness of metformin on bicuculline-sensitive GABAAR-mediated hepatic insulin signalling was carried out in presence or absence of bicuculline (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) in experimental T2DM rats. Materials and methods: The whole experimental design was divided into three independent sets of experiments. Each set comprised seven groups of six male rats each. T2DM was induced in the animals by administering streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, i.p.) at a time lag of 15 min except control group rats in three experiments. Metformin and/or bicuculline or wortmannin were administered once daily for one week from seventh day of streptozotocin injection in all the experimental sets. Results: Metformin attenuated T2DM-induced hyperglycaemia in glucose (40%) and insulin (50%) tolerance tests in rats. Metformin also attenuated T2DM-induced hyperglycaemia (40%), hyperinsulinaemia (30%), insulin resistance (50%) and β-cell dysfunction (300%) in the animals. Metformin did not attenuate T2DM-induced decrease in rat hepatic intracellular calcium. Further, metformin mitigated T2DM-induced decrease in hepatic phosphorylated Akt and GLUT-4 translocation in the animals. The anti-diabetic activity of metformin was abolished by wortmannin but not with bicuculline co-administration in T2DM animals. Discussion and conclusion: These results suggest that metformin ameliorated T2DM-induced hepatic insulin resistance through bicuculline-sensitive GABAA receptor-independent PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signalling pathway in animals

Diazepam Potentiates the Antidiabetic, Antistress and Anxiolytic Activities of Metformin in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cooccurring Stress in Experimental Animals

Psychological stress is considered as one of the limiting factors in the management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the basic objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of metformin, diazepam, and their combination in cooccurring T2DM and stress condition (DMS). T2DM was induced in the male rats by administering streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, i.p.) with time lag of 15 min. Rats were subjected to two sessions of cold restraint stress paradigm for one hour on the sixth and seventh day after streptozotocin injection. Administration of metformin (25 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) in combination from the seventh to thirteenth day after streptozotocin injection showed better improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity compared to monotherapy of either drug. In addition, the combination significantly attenuated DMS-induced hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercorticosteronemia, anxiety-like behavior, and insulin resistance through modulating insulin signaling pathway in the liver compared to monotherapy. Further, improvement of mitochondrial function, integrity, and oxidative stress in hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens was observed with the combination. Therefore, metformin in combination with diazepam may be a better therapeutic option in the management of T2DM with cooccurring stress condition

Assessment of Vaccine storage Practices in 2 districts of Eastern India -Using Global Assessment tool.

  Background: Introduction of  EPI was to accelerate disease control efforts and outcomes.EPIs are typically governed by Ministries of Health in cooperation with the WHO , UNICEF to provide technical assistance in planning, social mobilization , reach vaccine-specific target immunization coverage rates and reduce  incidence  of VPDs. The WHO  recommendation  on immunization schedules is  to ensure  proper administration of vaccines to each age-specific target group.   Effective program should reach  target population at  right time,  right place and  right condition before patients are exposed to infectious diseases. The first VMAT assessment of India was undertaken by Odisha in December 2007.Objectives: 1.To gather information on vaccine storage temperature and wet and dry storage capacity in the facility. 2.To assess the vaccine storage practices.3.To suggest recommendations. Methods: Place of the study: DVS and CCPs  in Cuttack and Jagatsinghpur ,Type of study: cross-sectional, Study design: By simple random sampling 7 CCPs in Cuttack  district and  3 CCPs in Jagatsinghpur district were selected and  2 DVSs were  included, Period of Study:Nov 2018 to Oct 2019, Study instrument: Global assessment tool designed by WHO, Ethical consideration: Obtained from  IEC of S.C.B Medical College Results: The vaccines were arranged properly from bottom upwards as recommended by WHO and the vaccines stored were within expiry period and having usable stage VVM. No reconstituted BCG, Measles or JE vaccines were found in any equipment in both the districts.Conclusion:In all the CCPs in this study the vaccines were arranged properly from bottom towards upwards as recommended by WHO. No reconstituted BCG, Measles or JE vaccines were found in any equipment in both the districts. Opened vials were stored in 87.5 % and 75% of facilities in both districts  separately. &nbsp

Role of caveolin-eNOS platform and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel in abrogated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in postmenopausal women

Caveolin, the protein of the caveolar membrane, interacts and binds with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), forming a caveolin-eNOS complex leading to suppression of the eNOS activity. Caveolin, therefore, maintains eNOS in the inactivated state leading to reduced nitric oxide (NO) production. Ischemic preconditioning disrupts the caveolin-eNOS complex leading to activation of the eNOS and thus results in cardioprotection. During ischemic preconditioning, NO produces cardioprotection by the opening of the KATP channel, and the caveolin forms a suitable signalling platform facilitating the interaction of NO with the KATP channel. Estrogen deficiency has been reported to upregulate caveolin-1 expression. The article aims to review the various mechanisms that placed the women at the risk of coronary artery diseases after postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and their role in the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning