Electrochemical behavior of lansoprazole at a multiwalled carbon nanotubes-ionic liquid modified glassy carbon electrode and its electrochemical determination

The electrochemical behavior of lansoprazole (LNS) has been investigated at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the electrode modified by a gel containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and an room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) in 0.10 M phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8. It was found that an irreversible anodic oxidation peak with Epa as 1.060 V appeared at MWCNTs-RTIL/GCE. Under the optimized experimental conditions a linear calibration curve were obtained over the concentration range from 5.0 μM to 0.20 mM by differential pulse voltammetry with the limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) as 0.28 μM. In addition, the novel MWCNTs-RTIL/GCE was also characterized by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the proposed method has been successfully applied in the electrochemical quantitative determination of LNS content in commercial tablet samples and the determination results could meet the determination requirement

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Venlafaxine at a Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes-Ionic Liquid Gel Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and Its Electrochemical Determination

The electrocatalytic oxidation of venlafaxine (VEN) was investigated at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the modified electrode by a gel containing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophate (BMIMPF6) in 0.10 mol L−1 phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 6.8). It was found that an irreversible anodic oxidation peak of VEN with the peak potential (Epa) as 0.780 V appeared at MWCNTs-RTIL/GCE. The electrode reaction process was a diffusion-controlled one and the electrochemical oxidation involved two electrons transferring and two protons participation. Furthermore, the charge-transfer coefficient (α), and the electrode reaction rate constant (kf) of VEN were found to be 0.91 and 3.04×10−2 s−1, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the electrocatalytic oxidation peak currents were linearly dependent on the concentration of VEN in the concentration range from 2.0×10−6 mol L−1 ~ 2.0×10−3 mol L−1 with the limit of detection (S / N = 3) as 1.69×10−6 mol L−1. The proposed method has been successfully applied in the electrochemical quantitative determination of VEN content in commercial venlafaxine hydrochloride capsules and the determination results could meet the requirement of the quantitative determination

Electrochemical Behaviors and Electrochemical Determination of 1-naphthaleneacetic Acid at an Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

Electrochemical behaviors of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at an ionic liquid N-butyl-pyridinium hexafluorophosphate (BPPF6/CPE) modified carbon paste electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and further used for NAA sample determination. The experimental results showed that NAA at both the bared and the modified electrode showed an irreversible oxidation process, but at the modified electrode it exhibited an enhanced electrochemical response towards its electrochemical oxi-dation. BPPF6/CPE was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At the same time, the electrochemical kinetic parameters were determined at both electrodes. The oxidation peak cur-rents increased linearly with NAA concentration range from 2.0 × 10–5 to 4.0 × 10–4 mol dm–3 with the detection limit (S/N = 3) of 1.690 × 10–7 mol dm–3 under the optimized experiment conditions. The pro-posed method was successfully applied for NAA content determination in both commercial formulations and the soil samples. (doi: 10.5562/cca1901

Electrochemical Behavior and Electrochemical Determination of Tiamulin Fumarate at an Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

The electrochemical behavior of tiamulin fumarate (TF) at ionic liquid N-Butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate (BPPF6) modified carbon paste electrode (BPPF6/CPE) was investigated and further used for tiamulin fumarate sample determination. BPPF6/CPE showed an enhanced electrochemical response towards the electrochemical oxidation of TF. A well-defined and sensitive oxidation peak was observed at BPPF6/CPE in 0.10 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 6.80). The oxidation peak current of TF increased significantly at BPPF6/CPE compared with that at carbon paste electrode and the BPPF6/CPE was characterized by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). At the same time, the electrochemical kinetics parameters of TF on the BPPF6/CPE were evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation peak currents were linearly dependent on the concentration of TF in the range of 0.3–9.0 μM and 9.0–0.3 mM, with a detection limit of 0.16 μM (S/N = 3). The proposed method has been successfully applied in the electrochemical quantitative determination of TF content in commercial injection samples

A survey of blockchain and artificial intelligence for 6G wireless communications

The research on the sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications for the development of future mobile communication networks has been officially launched around the world. 6G networks face multifarious challenges, such as resource-constrained mobile devices, difficult wireless resource management, high complexity of heterogeneous network architectures, explosive computing and storage requirements, privacy and security threats. To address these challenges, deploying blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) in 6G networks may realize new breakthroughs in advancing network performances in terms of security, privacy, efficiency, cost, and more. In this paper, we provide a detailed survey of existing works on the application of blockchain and AI to 6G wireless communications. More specifically, we start with a brief overview of blockchain and AI. Then, we mainly review the recent advances in the fusion of blockchain and AI, and highlight the inevitable trend of deploying both blockchain and AI in wireless communications. Furthermore, we extensively explore integrating blockchain and AI for wireless communication systems, involving secure services and Internet of Things (IoT) smart applications. Particularly, some of the most talked-about key services based on blockchain and AI are introduced, such as spectrum management, computation allocation, content caching, and security and privacy. Moreover, we also focus on some important IoT smart applications supported by blockchain and AI, covering smart healthcare, smart transportation, smart grid, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Moreover, we thoroughly discuss operating frequencies, visions, and requirements from the 6G perspective. We also analyze the open issues and research challenges for the joint deployment of blockchain and AI in 6G wireless communications. Lastly, based on lots of existing meaningful works, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of blockchain and AI in 6G networks. We hope this surve..

Analysis of Flavor Quality of Two Cherry Tomatoes After Refrigeration

To investigate the differences in the types and relative contents of refrigerated volatile flavor substances between 'Chitose' and 'Ji Tian No.1' cherry tomatoes, the effect of cold storage at 4 ℃ for 16 d on the flavor quality of cherry tomatoes ('Chitose' and 'Ji Tian No.1') was analyzed by using electronic nose and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography. The results showed that electronic nose analysis results displayed, the volatile substances that undergo significant changes before and after refrigeration in two cherry tomatoes were inorganic sulfides, nitrogen oxides, and aromatic substances, a total of 93 volatile substances were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS technique, including 27 aldehydes, 23 alcohols, 4 esters, 11 ketones, 3 furans, 9 alkanes, 12 olefins and 4 other substances. Compared to 0 d, the relative content of total volatile substances in 'Chitose' and 'Ji Tian No.1' after cold storage decreased by 7.08% and 3.68% respectively. The relative content of the main volatile compounds hexanal and trans-2-hexenal in two cherry tomatoes decreased after refrigeration, the relative content of trans 2-pentenal, heptanal, 1-pentanol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and 1-penten-3-one increased after refrigeration. Compared with 'Chitose', 'Ji Tian No.1' could retain higher contents of main volatile substances of cherry tomato such as aldehydes, esters and ketones after cold storage. Therefore, 'Ji Tian No.1' was more suitable for post-harvest storage and transportation and low-temperature refrigeration, which would provide a theoretical basis for high-quality cherry tomato post-harvest storage and transportation technology

Defective Osteogenic Differentiation in the Development of Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is associated with poor prognosis due to its high incidence of metastasis and chemoresistance. It often arises in areas of rapid bone growth in long bones during the adolescent growth spurt. Although certain genetic conditions and alterations increase the risk of developing OS, the molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, defects in differentiation have been linked to cancers, as they are associated with high cell proliferation. Treatments overcoming these defects enable terminal differentiation and subsequent tumor inhibition. OS development may be associated with defects in osteogenic differentiation. While early regulators of osteogenesis are unable to bypass these defects, late osteogenic regulators, including Runx2 and Osterix, are able to overcome some of the defects and inhibit tumor propagation through promoting osteogenic differentiation. Further understanding of the relationship between defects in osteogenic differentiation and tumor development holds tremendous potential in treating OS

The Knee of the Cosmic Hydrogen and Helium Spectrum below 1 PeV Measured by ARGO-YBJ and a Cherenkov Telescope of LHAASO

The measurement of cosmic ray energy spectra, in particular for individual species, is an essential approach in finding their origin. Locating the "knees" of the spectra is an important part of the approach and has yet to be achieved. Here we report a measurement of the mixed Hydrogen and Helium spectrum using the combination of the ARGO-YBJ experiment and of a prototype Cherenkov telescope for the LHAASO experiment. A knee feature at 640+/-87 TeV, with a clear steepening of the spectrum, is observed. This gives fundamental inputs to galactic cosmic ray acceleration models

Observation of a ppb mass threshoud enhancement in \psi^\prime\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi(J/\psi\to\gamma p\bar{p}) decay

The decay channel $\psi^\prime\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi(J/\psi\to\gamma p\bar{p})$ is studied using a sample of $1.06\times 10^8$ $\psi^\prime$ events collected by the BESIII experiment at BEPCII. A strong enhancement at threshold is observed in the $p\bar{p}$ invariant mass spectrum. The enhancement can be fit with an $S$-wave Breit-Wigner resonance function with a resulting peak mass of $M=1861^{+6}_{-13} {\rm (stat)}^{+7}_{-26} {\rm (syst)} {\rm MeV/}c^2$ and a narrow width that is $\Gamma<38 {\rm MeV/}c^2$ at the 90% confidence level. These results are consistent with published BESII results. These mass and width values do not match with those of any known meson resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Chinese Physics