7 research outputs found

    Céphalées en milieu scolaire dans la ville de Garoua au Cameroun

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    Introduction : Les cĂ©phalĂ©es constituent l’un des motifs les plus frĂ©quents en consultation mĂ©dicale. Elles affectent toutes les tranches d’ñge y compris les enfants en Ăąge scolaire. Elles peuvent ĂȘtre Ă  l’origine d’absentĂ©isme et d’une baisse de rendement scolaire. Objectifs : Ce travail avait pour but d’étudier les cĂ©phalĂ©es en milieu scolaire dans la ville de Garoua. MĂ©thodologie : Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude prospective transversale avec un Ă©chantillonnage en grappe des Ă©tablissements secondaires de la ville de Garoua ; qui a durĂ© 6 mois allant de dĂ©cembre 2014 Ă  Mai 2015. Les donnĂ©es recueillies Ă©taient : les caractĂ©ristiques sociodĂ©mographiques (l’ñge, le sexe, la classe, le type d’enseignement), les caractĂ©ristiques cliniques des cĂ©phalĂ©es dĂ©finies par l’International Headache Society, les antĂ©cĂ©dents mĂ©dicaux. L’impact sur la qualitĂ© de vie des Ă©lĂšves souffrant de cĂ©phalĂ©es chroniques quotidiennes (CCQ) a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© par le HIT-6 (Headache Impact Test) et le MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment). RĂ©sultat : Dix Ă©tablissements sur 33 Ă©taient retenus avec un total de 29800 Ă©lĂšves. 1210 Ă©lĂšves Ă©taient inclus dont 59% de garçon, l’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 16,92± 3,25 ans avec des extrĂȘmes de 10 et 27 ans. La prĂ©valence des cĂ©phalĂ©es Ă©tait de 54,14%. Les Ă©tiologies Ă©taient dominĂ©es par les cĂ©phalĂ©es de tension (68,50%), la migraine (14,4%) et les cĂ©phalĂ©es secondaires (10%). Le nombre moyen d’absentĂ©isme Ă©tait de 2,1 jours ; selon le Questionnaire MIDAS une perte de productivitĂ© de degrĂ©s II et III correspondant respectivement Ă  un retentissement lĂ©ger et modĂ©rĂ© des cĂ©phalĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ© chez 17% des Ă©lĂšves souffrant de CCQ. 48% des Ă©lĂšves avaient un score HIT-6 supĂ©rieur Ă  55, correspondant Ă  un impact important des cĂ©phalĂ©es dans la qualitĂ© de vie ; dont nĂ©cessitant un suivie par un mĂ©decin. Les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  la survenue des cĂ©phalĂ©es Ă©taient le sexe fĂ©minin (P=0,003), l’enseignement technique, l’anxiĂ©tĂ© (P=0,019), le manque de sommeil (P=0,030), l’utilisation des contraceptifs oraux chez les filles (P=0,020) le tabac (P=0,049). Conclusion : Plus d’un Ă©lĂšve sur 2 est cĂ©phalalgique Ă  Garoua. Cette proportion Ă©levĂ©e pourrait justifier la mise en place de centres de soins dotĂ©s d’un personnel formĂ© au diagnostic des cĂ©phalĂ©es.Mots clĂ©s : CĂ©phalĂ©e, milieu scolaire, impact, Garoua. English Title: Headaches in schools in the city of Garoua in CameroonIntroduction: Headache is one of the most frequent presenting complaints in medicine. It affects all age groups, including children of school age. Could be responsible for absenteeism and a decrease in school performance. Objective: This work aimed to study headaches in schools in the city of Garoua. Methodology: this was a prospective and crosssectional study with cluster sampling of secondary schools in the city of Garoua from December 2014 to May 2015. Sociodemographic data (age, gender, class and type of teaching), clinical characteristics of headache was defined by international headache society and past medical were recorded. Impact on quality of life of students suffering from chronic daily headaches was assessed using HIT-6 (the headache impact test) and MIDAS (Migraine Disability assessment). Results: 10 of 33 schools were selected with 29800 students. 1.210 students were included with a male predominance (59%). Mean age was 16, 92± 3, 25 years with extremes of 10 and 27 years. The prevalence of headache was 54.14%. Causes were tension headache (68.50%), migraine (14.4%), and secondary headache (10%). The mean number of absences was 2.1 days. Following the MIDAS questionnaire, a decrease in productivity of second and third order corresponding to mild and moderate headaches was observed in 17% of students suffering from chronic daily headaches. 48% of students had HIT-6 greater than 55 therefore having an impact on quality life requiring medical follow up. Factors associated with onset of headaches were female genders (P=0.003), anxiety (P=0.019), absence of sleep (P=0.030), smoking (0.049). Conclusion: More than one out of two children complain of headaches in Garoua city. This high level of cases should justified the creation of specialized centre with dedicated staff. Key words: Headache, school environment, Impact, Garoua

    Epidémiologie clinique des affections neurologiques dans la ville de Douala

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    Introduction: La morbi-mortalitĂ© des affections neurologiques est sans cesse croissante dans le monde. Elles sont responsables de 6,8 millions de dĂ©cĂšs par an et reprĂ©sentent la premiĂšre cause du handicap acquis non traumatique de l’adulte. La connaissance de l’épidĂ©miologie des maladies neurologiques est nĂ©cessaire pour l’affectation des ressources. Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques des maladies neurologiques dans les hĂŽpitaux de premiĂšre et deuxiĂšme catĂ©gorie de la ville de Douala.MĂ©thodologie: Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude transversale sur 24 mois, du 1er mai 2012 au 30 Avril 2014 menĂ©e dans le service et l’unitĂ© de Neurologie des HĂŽpitaux Laquintinie et GĂ©nĂ©ral de Douala. Était inclus dans l’étude, tout patient ĂągĂ© de plus de 15 ans hospitalisĂ© ou vu en consultation par un neurologue pour trouble neurologique. Le handicap moteur Ă©tait apprĂ©ciĂ© Ă  l’aide de la cotation musculaire de la Medical Research Council (MRC) sur 5 points : handicap sĂ©vĂšre pour une force motrice comprise entre 0 et 2, handicap modĂ©rĂ© pour une force motrice allant de 3 Ă  4 et pas de handicap pour une force motrice de 5. Notre Ă©chantillonnage Ă©tait consĂ©cutif et exhaustif.RĂ©sultats: Au total, 3976 patients Ă©taient inclus avec 55,3% de femmes; l’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 49 ±17,9 ans. Les principaux motifs de consultation Ă©taient le dĂ©ficit moteur d’un ou de plusieurs membres (17,8%), les cĂ©phalĂ©es (16,6%), les convulsions (10,05%), les douleurs d’un ou plusieurs membres (9,7%) et l’altĂ©ration de la conscience (9,4%). Les principales comorbiditĂ©s Ă©taient l’hypertension artĂ©rielle (41%), l’infection au VIH (14,4%), le diabĂšte (11,68%) et l’alcoolisme (10,82%). Les maladies neurologiques Ă©taient dominĂ©es par l’accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral (30,02%), les cĂ©phalĂ©es (13,33%), les infections du systĂšme nerveux central (11,31%) et l’épilepsie (11,09%). 52,5% des patients hospitalisĂ©s prĂ©sentaient un handicap moteur dont 42,5% Ă©taient classĂ©s sĂ©vĂšres. La mortalitĂ© des maladies neurologiques en hospitalisation Ă©tait de 19,1%. Les causes prĂ©sumĂ©es de dĂ©cĂšs Ă©taient l’AVC (55,7%), l’encĂ©phalite et la mĂ©ningo-encĂ©phalite (17,5%) et les abcĂšs cĂ©rĂ©braux (14,5%).Conclusion: Les affections neurologiques dans les hĂŽpitaux de Douala sont dominĂ©es par les pathologies vasculaire et infectieuse. PrĂšs d’un patient hospitalisĂ© sur cinq dĂ©cĂšde en hospitalisation tandis que deux patients hospitalisĂ© sur cinq prĂ©sentent un handicap sĂ©vĂšre. Ce travail souligne l’importance de la prĂ©vention des affections neuro-vasculaires et neuro-infectieuses dans notre contexte.Mots clĂ©s: ÉpidĂ©miologie, maladies neurologiques, Douala, CamerounEnglish Title: Clinical epidemiology of neurological diseases in the city of DoualaEnglish AbstractBackground: Morbidity and mortality related to neurological disorders are increasing worldwide. They are responsible for about 6,8 million deaths per year and represent the first cause of acquired physical handicap. The main objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of neurological diseases in two Referral Hospitals in Douala, Cameroon.Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional hospital based study over a 24 months period from the 1st of May 2012 to the 30st April 2014 in two neurological services at the Douala Laquintinie and General hospitals. Were included in this study, every patient aged above 15 years, hospitalized or seen in consultation for neurological disorders. Physical disability was evaluated using the Medical Research Council (MRC) score (0 to 5): severe for MRC score of 0 to 2, moderate for MRC score of 3 to 4 and no disability for a MRC score of 5.Results: A total of 3976 patients were enrolled with 55.3% been female. The mean age was 49±17. 19 years. 50.1% of patients were hospitalized. The common presenting complaints were motor deficits of one or more limbs (17.8%), headaches (16.6%), seizures (10.05%), other pain on the limbs (9.7%) and altered mental status (9.4%). The leading comorbidities were high blood pressure (41.0%), HIV infection (14.4%), diabetes (11.8%) and alcoholism (10.82%). Neurological diseases were stroke (30.02%), primary headache (13.33%), central nervous infections (11.31%) and epilepsy (11.01%). 52.5% of the in-patients were discharged with physical disability, 42.5% of these was severe. The mortality rate of neurological disease in-inpatients was 19.1% etiologies of death been stroke (55.7%) encephalitis and meningoencephalitis (17.5%) and cerebral abscess (14.5%).Conclusion: Neurovascular and neuroinfectious diseases represent the leading cause of neurological disorder in Douala. One over 5 patients hospitalized with neurological disorder would die while two over five would present a severe handicap. This study highlighted the need for neurovascular and neuroinfectious disease’s prevention in our environment.Keywords: Epidemiology, Neurological Diseases, Douala, Cameroo

    Identification of genetic risk loci and causal insights associated with Parkinson\u27s disease in African and African admixed populations: a genome-wide association study

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    \ua9 2023 Elsevier LtdBackground: An understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying diseases in ancestrally diverse populations is an important step towards development of targeted treatments. Research in African and African admixed populations can enable mapping of complex traits, because of their genetic diversity, extensive population substructure, and distinct linkage disequilibrium patterns. We aimed to do a comprehensive genome-wide assessment in African and African admixed individuals to better understand the genetic architecture of Parkinson\u27s disease in these underserved populations. Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in people of African and African admixed ancestry with and without Parkinson\u27s disease. Individuals were included from several cohorts that were available as a part of the Global Parkinson\u27s Genetics Program, the International Parkinson\u27s Disease Genomics Consortium Africa, and 23andMe. A diagnosis of Parkinson\u27s disease was confirmed clinically by a movement disorder specialist for every individual in each cohort, except for 23andMe, in which it was self-reported based on clinical diagnosis. We characterised ancestry-specific risk, differential haplotype structure and admixture, coding and structural genetic variation, and enzymatic activity. Findings: We included 197 918 individuals (1488 cases and 196 430 controls) in our genome-wide analysis. We identified a novel common risk factor for Parkinson\u27s disease (overall meta-analysis odds ratio for risk of Parkinson\u27s disease 1\ub758 [95% CI 1\ub737–1\ub780], p=2\ub7397 7 10−14) and age at onset at the GBA1 locus, rs3115534-G (age at onset ÎČ=–2\ub700 [SE=0\ub757], p=0\ub70005, for African ancestry; and ÎČ=–4\ub715 [0\ub758], p=0\ub7015, for African admixed ancestry), which was rare in non-African or non-African admixed populations. Downstream short-read and long-read whole-genome sequencing analyses did not reveal any coding or structural variant underlying the GWAS signal. The identified signal seems to be associated with decreased glucocerebrosidase activity. Interpretation: Our study identified a novel genetic risk factor in GBA1 in people of African ancestry, which has not been seen in European populations, and it could be a major mechanistic basis of Parkinson\u27s disease in African populations. This population-specific variant exerts substantial risk on Parkinson\u27s disease as compared with common variation identified through GWAS and it was found to be present in 39% of the cases assessed in this study. This finding highlights the importance of understanding ancestry-specific genetic risk in complex diseases, a particularly crucial point as the Parkinson\u27s disease field moves towards targeted treatments in clinical trials. The distinctive genetics of African populations highlights the need for equitable inclusion of ancestrally diverse groups in future trials, which will be a valuable step towards gaining insights into novel genetic determinants underlying the causes of Parkinson\u27s disease. This finding opens new avenues towards RNA-based and other therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing lifetime risk of Parkinson\u27s disease. Funding: The Global Parkinson\u27s Genetics Program, which is funded by the Aligning Science Across Parkinson\u27s initiative, and The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson\u27s Research
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