Application of Different Drying Methods on β-Glucan Isolated from Spent Brewer’s Yeast Using Alkaline Procedure

Water-insoluble (particulate) β-glucan was isolated from the cell walls of spent brewer’s yeast using a single-step alkaline treatment. To stabilize β-glucan water suspensions, sonication was successfully applied. Three different drying methods were used: air-drying, lyophilization and spray-drying. Air-drying and lyophilization caused β-glucan particles agglomeration and changes of their microstructure. Sonication combined with spray-drying resulted in minimal β-glucan structural changes and negligible formation of agglomerates. Reaggregation of spray-dried β-glucan particles was minimal even after resuspending in water

Application of Different Drying Methods on β-Glucan Isolated from Spent Brewer’s Yeast Using Alkaline Procedure

Water-insoluble (particulate) β-glucan was isolated from the cell walls of spent brewer’s yeast using a single-step alkaline treatment. To stabilize β-glucan water suspensions, sonication was successfully applied. Three different drying methods were used: air-drying, lyophilization and spray-drying. Air-drying and lyophilization caused β-glucan particles agglomeration and changes of their microstructure. Sonication combined with spray-drying resulted in minimal β-glucan structural changes and negligible formation of agglomerates. Reaggregation of spray-dried β-glucan particles was minimal even after resuspending in water

R&D AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF THE EU CHEMICALS

This article analyses R&D, innovation and foreign trade activity of the chemical industry in the selected EU Member States. The paper examines the period from 2005 to 2015. The methodology is based on the application of key indicators in order to provide objective conclusions on work productivity and effectiveness of chemicals production and production of basic pharmaceutical products and preparations. The aim of this research is to analyse the European chemical industry from the aspect of R&D and innovation activity. The main research results include R&D, innovativeness, foreign trade activity results, the rank of technological position of the European chemical industry, and recommendations and proposals for enhancing innovation and international competitiveness.

R&D AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF THE EU CHEMICALS

This article analyses R&D, innovation and foreign trade activity of the chemical industry in the selected EU Member States. The paper examines the period from 2005 to 2015. The methodology is based on the application of key indicators in order to provide objective conclusions on work productivity and effectiveness of chemicals production and production of basic pharmaceutical products and preparations. The aim of this research is to analyse the European chemical industry from the aspect of R&D and innovation activity. The main research results include R&D, innovativeness, foreign trade activity results, the rank of technological position of the European chemical industry, and recommendations and proposals for enhancing innovation and international competitiveness.

R&D AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF THE EU CHEMICALS

This article analyses R&D, innovation and foreign trade activity of the chemical industry in the selected EU Member States. The paper examines the period from 2005 to 2015. The methodology is based on the application of key indicators in order to provide objective conclusions on work productivity and effectiveness of chemicals production and production of basic pharmaceutical products and preparations. The aim of this research is to analyse the European chemical industry from the aspect of R&D and innovation activity. The main research results include R&D, innovativeness, foreign trade activity results, the rank of technological position of the European chemical industry, and recommendations and proposals for enhancing innovation and international competitiveness.

R&D AND INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF THE EU CHEMICALS

This article analyses R&D, innovation and foreign trade activity of the chemical industry in the selected EU Member States. The paper examines the period from 2005 to 2015. The methodology is based on the application of key indicators in order to provide objective conclusions on work productivity and effectiveness of chemicals production and production of basic pharmaceutical products and preparations. The aim of this research is to analyse the European chemical industry from the aspect of R&D and innovation activity. The main research results include R&D, innovativeness, foreign trade activity results, the rank of technological position of the European chemical industry, and recommendations and proposals for enhancing innovation and international competitiveness.

Characterization of beta-1,3-glucan isolated by diferent methods from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

β-glukan, homopolimer glukoze, ima sposobnost regulacije imunološkog sustava. Stanična stijenka pivskog kvasca Saccharomyces cerevisiae dostupan je izvor β-1,3-glukana. Glukan iz kvasca zaostalog nakon proizvodnje piva je izoliran trima različitim metodama, te osušen: na zraku, liofilizacijom i raspršivanjem. U tako dobivenim preparatima β-glukana određivana je veličina čestica, kapacitet vezanja vode i ulja, sposobnost bubrenja, biološka aktivnost, elektronskom mikroskopijom utvrđena im je mikrostruktura, te je napravljena FT-IR spektroskopija za karakterizaciju glukana.β-glucan, a homopolymer of glucose, is well-known regulator of immune system. The cell-wall of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an available source of β-1,3-glucan. Glucan was isolated from brewer΄s yeast with three different methods and dried on air, in a lyophilisator and in spray-drying chamber. In such obtained β-glucan preparations dimension of particles, water and oil apsorption capacities, swelling capabilities and biological activity were measured. Microstructure of glucan was analysed by electronic microscopy and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy

The Culture of Comic Strips in Croatia in the 1990s

Strip kultura u Hrvatskoj 1990-ih godina opsežna je i složena tema, usko vezana uz politički i ekonomski kontekst ratnog, tranzicijskog društva. Izdanja koja su obilježila ovo razdoblje, posebno ona fanzinska, danas su relativno teško dostupna, a bibliografski podaci za mnoge stripovne tiskovine do sada nisu bili sustavno ispisani i u nekom prikazu objedinjeni. Ovaj rad stoga donosi inicijalno mapiranje nekih aspekata hrvatske stripovne scene 1990-ih – lociranje važnijih publikacija, njihovih aktera, udruženja i manifestacija. Naznačeno je djelovanje nekoliko generacija autora stripa, posebice tzv. pete i fanzinske, te raznolikih estetskih strujanja koja se kroz desetljeće isprepliću, potvrđuju, suprotstavljaju i supostoje. Predstavljena su značajnija magazinska izdanja (Patak, Comicon, Plavi zabavnik, Stari Mačak), fenomen strip fanzina (Endem, Stripoholic, Variete Radikale), strip u časopisima za djecu i mlade (Modra lasta, Smib, Zvrk), specijalizirani e-zine posvećen stripu (Hrvatska interaktivna Enciklopedija Stripa) te stripu posvećene manifestacije koje su predstavljale i vrednovale onodobnu produkciju – oficijelniji Salon stripa u Vinkovcima, te njemu alternativni Crtani romani šou.Culture of comic strips in Croatia in the 1990s is an extensive and complex subject, closely related to the political and economic context of a war-struck transitional society. The publications that marked this period, especially the fanzines, are relatively difficult to obtain nowadays and the bibliographic data for many comic publications have not been systematically printed and consolidated in some form until now. This thesis therefore provides an initial mapping of certain aspects of the Croatian comics scene in the 1990s - locating the most important publications, their agents, associations and events. The work of several generations of comic strip authors is indicated, especially the so-called fifth and fanzine generation, and various aesthetic currents that intertwine, affirm, oppose and coexist throughout the decade. Some more important magazine editions (Patak, Comicon, Plavi zabavnik, Stari Mačak), the phenomenon of the comic fanzine (Endem, Stripoholic, Variete Radikale), comics in children’s and youth magazines (Modra lasta, Smib, Zvrk), a specialized e-zine dedicated to comics (Hrvatska interaktivna Enciklopedija Stripa) and events dedicated to comics that presented and valorized the works of the time - the more official Comic Salon in Vinkovci, and it's counterpart, Crtani romani šou (Funny Comics Show)