Life insurance model: concept, structure and assessment of financial stability

The Institute of Life Insurance is actively growing all over the world and especially in developing countries in order to provide an increase in the duration and quality of life of the population. The increasing role of life insurance in the economic and social sphere of the country requires a theoretical understanding of its place in the system of market relations and effective implementation. The purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical and methodological basis of life insurance, substantiate methodological approaches to its study in the context of a systematic approach through the prism of various models functioning. As a result of the study theoretical determinants of life insurance model are revealed, and a methodology for determining the financial stability of the applied life insurance model has been developed

СКАНДИНАВСКАЯ ХОДЬБА КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ СРЕДСТВО РАЗВИТИЯ ВЫНОСЛИВОСТИ У ЖЕНЩИН ЗРЕЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА

In the life of modern society, women of mature age play an important role. They perform many socially significant functions. A high level of endurance is necessary for the normal active life of women of mature age. Nordic walking as a cyclic sport contributes to the development of general and special endurance. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of Nordic walking as a means of increasing the endurance of women of mature age. The study involved 15 women aged 35 to 55 years, whose training in health-improving physical culture was carried out on the basis of the use of Nordic walking 2-3 times a week. Testing consisted of 3 km Nordic walking over rough terrain and was carried out 2 times in 6 months. Differences between baseline and endpoints in walking with sticks for 3 km, suggests that Nordic walking is an effective means of developing endurance in women of mature age.В жизни современного общества женщины зрелого возраста играют важную роль. Они выполняют многие социально значимые функции. Высокий уровень выносливости необходим для нормальной активной жизни женщин зрелого возраста. Скандинавская ходьба как циклический вид спорта способствует развитию общей и специальной выносливости. Целью исследования является выявление возможностей скандинавской ходьбы как средства повышения выносливости женщин зрелого возраста. В исследовании приняло участие 15 женщин в возрасте от 35 до 55 лет, у которых тренировки по оздоровительной физической культуре проводились на основе использования скандинавской ходьбы 2-3 раза в неделю. Тестирование заключалось в прохождении 3 км скандинавской ходьбой по пересеченной местности и было проведено 2 раза за 6 месяцев. Различия между исходными и конечными показателями в ходьбе с палками на 3 км, говорит о том, что скандинавская ходьба является эффективным средством развития выносливости у женщин зрелого возраста

Measured and modelled source water δ18O based on tree-ring cellulose of larch and pine trees from the permafrost zone

To identify source water for trees growing on permafrost in Siberia, we applied mechanistic models that quantify physical and biochemical fractionation processes, leading to oxygen isotope variation (δ18O) in plant organic matter. These models allowed us to investigate the influence of a variety of climatic factors on tree-ring cellulose from two dominant species: Larix cajanderi Mayr. from northeastern Yakutia (69° 22′ N, 148° 25′ E, ~ 250 m a.s.l.) and Pinus sylvestris L. from Central Yakutia (62°14′ N, 129°37′ E, ~ 220 m a.s.l.). The climate of the region is highly continental with short growing seasons, low amount of precipitation and these forest ecosystems are growing on permafrost, which in turn impact the water cycle and climate variation in the δ18O of source water. We compared outputs of the Land surface Processes and eXchanges (LPX-Bern v. 1.3), and Roden-Lin-Ehleringer (RLE) models for the common period from 1945 to 2004. Based on our findings, trees from northeastern and central Yakutia may have access to additional thawed permafrost water during dry summer periods. Owing to differences in the soil structure, active thaw soil depth and root systems of trees at two Siberian sites, Larix cajanderi Mayr. trees can access water not more than from 50 cm depth, in contrast to Pinus sylvestris L. in Central Yakutia which can acquire water from up to 80 cm soil depth. The results enhance our understanding of the growth and survival of the trees in this extreme environment

Amorphous FeCoCrSiB Ribbons with Tailored Anisotropy for the Development of Magnetic Elements for High Frequency Applications

The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in the frequency range of 0.5 to 12.5 GHz has been investigated as a function of external magnetic field for rapidly quenched Fe3Co67Cr3Si15B12 amorphous ribbons with different features of the effective magnetic anisotropy. Three states of the ribbons were considered: as-quenched without any treatment; after relaxation annealing without stress at the temperature of 350 °C during 1 h; and after annealing under specific stress of 230 MPa at the temperature of 350 °C during 1 h. For FMR measurements, we adapted a technique previously proposed and tested for the case of microwires. Here, amorphous ribbons were studied using the sample holder based on a commercial SMA connector. On the basis of the measurements of the reflection coefficient S11, the total impedance including its real and imaginary components was determined to be in the frequency range of 0.5 to 12.5 GHz. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed technique, FMR was also measured by the certified cavity perturbation technique using a commercial Bruker spectrometer operating at X-band frequency of 9.39 GHz. As part of the characterization of the ribbons used for microwave measurements, comparative analysis was performed of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, inductive magnetic hysteresis loops, vibrating sample magnetometry, magneto-optical Kerr effect (including magnetic domains) and magnetoimpedance data for of all samples.The research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Ural Federal University Program of Development within the Priority-2030 Program) is gratefully acknowledged. Further funding from University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Research Groups Funding (GMMM) is similarly gratefully acknowledged

The adaptive potential of North American subtype H7N2 avian influenza viruses to mammals

Introduction. H7 subtype avian influenza viruses causing severe epizootics among birds are phylogenetically different in the Eastern and Western hemispheres. Numerous human infections caused by these viruses in the Eastern hemisphere indicate that H7 viruses can overcome the interspecies barrier and pose a potential threat of a new pandemic.The H7N2 viruses with deletion of amino acids 221–228 (H3 numbering) in hemagglutinin (HA) had been circulating among poultry in the Western Hemisphere during 1996–2006, and had once again been detected in 2016 in an animal shelter, where they caused cat diseases. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of adaptation to mammals of North American H7N2 influenza viruses with deletion in HA. Materials and methods. The A/chicken/New Jersey/294598-12/2004 (H7N2) virus was adapted to mice by the lung passages. Complete genomes of original and mouse-adapted viruses were analyzed. The receptor specificity and thermostability of viruses, HA activation pH and virulence for mice were determined. Results. The non-pathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus became pathogenic after 10 passages in mice. Amino acid substitutions occurred in five viral proteins: one in PB2 (E627K), NA (K127N), NEP (E14Q), four in HA and six in NS1. Mutations in HA slightly changed receptor specificity but increased the pH of HA activation by 0.4 units. The NS1 protein undergone the greatest changes in the positions (N73T, S114G, K118R, G171A, F214L and G224R), where amino acid polymorphisms were observed in the original virus, but only minor amino acid variants have been preserved in the mouse adapted variant. Conclusion. The results show that H7N2 viruses have the potential to adapt to mammals. The increase in virulence is most likely due to the adaptive E627K mutation in PB2 and possibly in HA

Моделирование функциональных кист яичников путем введения фолликулостимулирующего гормона

Aim. To study the morphofunctional state of ovaries after the introduction of recombinant FSH. Materials and methods. Two groups of mature female Wistar rats were used in the study. The experimental group consisted of 35 rats with a model of follicular ovarian cysts, while 25 rats were in the control group.Rats were taken out of the experiment on days 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60. Paraffin slides of ovaries were stained with hematoxylin and eosin by Van Gieson. Histological and morphometric investigations were performed.Results. On day 7 of FSH administration, the maximum increase in the size of the ovaries was observed due to the formation of single-cell follicular cysts. Rats in the experimental group showed a marked decrease in the number of growing follicles on day 7 and 15. The increase in atretic bodies and follicles in comparison with the control group was observed on day 7 and lasted until the end of the experiment. Additionally, on day 7 of the experiment, hyperemia and vasoconstriction were noted. The number of yellow bodies decreased during the experiment, and an increase in collagen formation occurred starting from day 15 of the experiment.Conclusion. The introduction of follicle-stimulating hormone for 7 days leads to disruption of folliculogenesis, strengthening of atresia in the ovaries, and the formation of functional cysts.Цель исследования. Изучить морфологические изменения яичников при введении рекомбинантного фолликулостимулирующего гормона.Материал и методы. Эксперимент проведен на половозрелых белых самках крыс линии Wistar. Основную группу составили 35 животных с моделью функциональных кист яичников, контрольную – 25 интактных животных. Крысы выводились из эксперимента на 3-и, 7-е, 15-, 30- и 60-е сут. Проведены гистологическое и морфометрическое исследования на депарафинированных срезах яичников, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином и по Ван Гизону.Результаты. На 7-е сут введения фолликулостимулирующего гормона наблюдалось максимальное увеличение размеров яичников за счет формирования однокамерных функциональных кист. У животных основной группы отмечалось выраженное снижение количества растущих фолликулов на 7- и 15-е сут.Увеличение количества атретических фолликулов и тел по сравнению с таковым в группе контроля наблюдалось с 7-х сут и продолжалось до 60-х сут эксперимента. На 7-е сут эксперимента отмечались гиперемия и полнокровие сосудов. Количество желтых тел уменьшалось в ходе эксперимента. Отмечалось усиление процессов коллагенообразования, начиная с 15-х сут эксперимента.Заключение. Введение фолликулостимулирующего гормона в течение 7 сут приводит к нарушению процессов фолликулогенеза, усилению процессов атрезии в яичниках и формированию функциональных кис

Estimation of Loan Portfolio Risk on the Basis of Markov Chain Model

Part 3: Stochastic Optimization and ControlInternational audienceA change of shares of credits portfolio is described by Markov chain with discrete time. A credit state is determined on as an accessory to some group of credits depending on presence of indebtedness and its terms. We use a model with discrete time and fix the system state through identical time intervals - once a month. It is obvious that the matrix of transitive probabilities is known incompletely. Various approaches to the matrix estimation are studied and methods of forecast the portfolio risk are proposed. The portfolio risk is set as a share of problematic loans. We propose a method to calculate necessary reserves on the base of the considered model

Strategic management of competitiveness of energy enterprises

Nowadays, Russia is implementing its strategy of import substitution in main sectors of the national economy, including agriculture. Its goal in agriculture is to achieve certain indices of food self-sufficiency in basic types of food. An urgent question arises of how to achieve food security at federal and regional levels. The study methodology is based on achievements of classical and neoclassical economics in the field of competition analysis, theory of agricultural economy, strategic management school in the sphere of studying competitive advantages and assessment of competitiveness of different-level economic systems. Strategic management implies performing SWOT analysis, identifying the mission and goals of sustainable development of the regional agroindustrial complex, involving implementation of energy-efficiency policy, optimization of the crop areas structure and systemic development of fodder and livestock production