4 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ Google. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ.Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΠ², Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
, ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π· ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Google. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΉΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ.During article were examined new ways of Internet search system advertising efficiency increasing. Have been suggested method of creation optimal keywords workgroup(which are used in advertising sentences) approach. Have been worked out recommendations for bid fixing and correction. on Google advertising auction. Suggested conceptions were tested and implemented on real busyness information of internet-advertising company, which is mostly concentrated on context advertisin
Comparison of intake and systemic relative effect potencies of dioxin-like compounds in female rats after a single oral dose
Risk assessment for mixtures of dioxin-like compounds uses the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach. Although current WHO-TEFs are mostly based on oral administration, they are commonly used to determine toxicity equivalencies (TEQs) in human blood or tissues. However, the use of "intake" TEFs to calculate systemic TEQs in for example human blood, has never been validated. In this study, intake and systemic relative effect potencies (REPs) for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), 3,3β²,4,4β²,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), 2,3β²,4,4β²,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-118) and 2,3,3β²,4, 4β²,5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-156) were compared in rats. The effect potencies were calculated based on administered dose and liver, adipose or plasma concentrations in female Sprague-Dawley rats 3 days after a single oral dose, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and gene expression of Cyp1a1, 1a2, 1b1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor in liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes were used as endpoints. Results show that plasma-based systemic REPs were generally within a half log range around the intake REPs for all congeners tested, except for 4-PeCDF. Together with our previously reported systemic REPs from a mouse study, these data do not warrant the use of systemic REPs as systemic TEFs for human risk assessment. However, further investigation for plasma-based systemic REPs for 4-PeCDF is desirable
Comparison of Intake and Systemic Relative Effect Potencies of Dioxin-like Compounds in Female Mice after a Single Oral Dose
BACKGROUND: Risk assessment for mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is performed using the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach. These TEF values are derived mainly from relative effect potencies (REPs) linking an administered dose to an in vivo toxic or biological effect, resulting in "intake" TEFs. At present, there is insufficient data available to conclude that intake TEFs are also applicable for systemic concentrations (e. g., blood and tissues). OBJECTIVE: We compared intake and systemic REPs of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzodioxin (PeCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), 3,3', 4,4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), 2,3', 4,4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-118), and 2,3,3', 4,4', 5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-156) in female C57BL/6 mice 3 days after a single oral dose. METHODS: We calculated intake REPs and systemic REPs based on administered dose and liver, adipose, or plasma concentrations relative to TCDD. Hepatic cytochrome P450 1Al-associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and gene expression of Cyp1a1, 1a2 and 1b1 in the liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were used as biological end points. RESULTS: We observed up to one order of magnitude difference between intake REPs and systemic REPs. Two different patterns were discerned. Compared with intake REPs, systemic REPs based on plasma or adipose levels were higher for PeCDD, 4-PeCDF, and PCB-126 but lower for the mono-ortho PCBs 118 and 156. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these mouse data, the comparison between intake REPs and systemic REPs reveals significant congener-specific differences that warrants the development of systemic TEFs to calculate toxic equivalents (TEQs) in blood and body tissues
Comparison of intake and systemic relative effect potencies of dioxin-like compounds in female rats after a single oral dose
Risk assessment for mixtures of dioxin-like compounds uses the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach. Although current WHO-TEFs are mostly based on oral administration, they are commonly used to determine toxicity equivalencies (TEQs) in human blood or tissues. However, the use of "intake" TEFs to calculate systemic TEQs in for example human blood, has never been validated. In this study, intake and systemic relative effect potencies (REPs) for 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), 3,3β²,4,4β²,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), 2,3β²,4,4β²,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-118) and 2,3,3β²,4, 4β²,5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-156) were compared in rats. The effect potencies were calculated based on administered dose and liver, adipose or plasma concentrations in female Sprague-Dawley rats 3 days after a single oral dose, relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and gene expression of Cyp1a1, 1a2, 1b1 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor in liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes were used as endpoints. Results show that plasma-based systemic REPs were generally within a half log range around the intake REPs for all congeners tested, except for 4-PeCDF. Together with our previously reported systemic REPs from a mouse study, these data do not warrant the use of systemic REPs as systemic TEFs for human risk assessment. However, further investigation for plasma-based systemic REPs for 4-PeCDF is desirable