1,833 research outputs found
Canopy-associated arthropods in Acacia koa and Metrosideros tree communities along the Mauna loa Transect
Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in.The spatial distribution and zonation of canopy-associated arthropods of Acacia koa and Metrosideros tree communities along an altitudinal transect on the east flank of Mauna Loa was determined by insecticidal fogging of the canopy with pyrethrum. Eight sites were on the Mauna Loa Transect, which has been intensively sampled by IBP participants in the Island Ecosystems IRP. Two sets of transect zones were determined on the basis of arthropod distribution. The influence of environmental and biotic factors, plant community structure and climate are interpreted according to distribution patterns. The distribution of arthropod groups coincided quite closely with vascular plant communities of the transect as defined by other studies. The composition, spatial distribution, and environmental relationships of arthropod canopy communities along the Mauna Loa Transect are compared with the situation pertaining along other lower elevational transects to sea level in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park as well as with other ecosystems in order to further characterize the arthropod canopy community. Host specificity, vegetation structure, competition between ecological homologs, and climate appeared to have the most important influence on population density and spatial distribution patterns of the arthropod taxa studied.I thank the following people for their time and enthusiasm in helping with data analysis, manuscript evaluation, and discussion of results: K. W. Bridges, G. V. Carey, F.G. Howarth, D. Mueller-Dombois and G. Nakahashi. I am especially grateful to B. Dalton, J. D. Jacobi, B. Furmidge, and T. T. Parman for their invaluable assistance in the field, and to B. Dalton for his assistance in life-history analysis of some arthropods. For their expert identification of many of the arthropods, I am indebted to: P. F. Bellinger (Collembola), C. W. O'Brien (Curculionidae and Proterhinidae), L. B. O'Brien (Fulgoroidea), F. G. Howarth (especially Diptera), J. F. Lac1rence (Ciidae), J. R. Leeper (Cocdnellidae), K. Sakimura (Thysanoptera), G. A. Samuelson (various Coeoptera), W. A. Steffan (Sciaridae) and J. M. Tenorio (Collembola and Dolichopodidae). Ibby Harrison typed the rough drafts of this manuscript for which I am also grateful
Altitudinal distribution and composition of anthropods in 'Ohi'a (Metrosideros Collina subsp. Polymorpha) canopies in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park with ecological implications for some native biota
Western Region, National Park Servic
Spatially-Resolved Spectra of the "Teacup" AGN: Tracing the History of a Dying Quasar
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Galaxy Zoo project has revealed a number
of spectacular galaxies possessing Extended Emission-Line Regions (EELRs), the
most famous being Hanny's Voorwerp galaxy. We present another EELR object
discovered in the SDSS endeavor: the Teacup Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN),
nicknamed for its EELR, which has a handle like structure protruding 15 kpc
into the northeast quadrant of the galaxy. We analyze physical conditions of
this galaxy with long-slit ground based spectroscopy from Lowell, Lick, and
KPNO observatories. With the Lowell 1.8m Perkin's telescope we took multiple
observations at different offset positions, allowing us to recover spatially
resolved spectra across the galaxy. Line diagnostics indicate the ionized gas
is photoionized primarily by the AGN. Additionally we are able to derive the
hydrogen density from the [S II] 6716/6731 ratio. We generated two-component
photoionization models for each spatially resolved Lowell spectrum. These
models allow us to calculate the AGN bolometric luminosity seen by the gas at
different radii from the nuclear center of the Teacup. Our results show a drop
in bolometric luminosity by more than two orders of magnitude from the EELR to
the nucleus, suggesting that the AGN has decreased in luminosity by this amount
in a continuous fashion over 46,000 years, supporting the case for a dying AGN
in this galaxy independent of any IR based evidence. We demonstrate that
spatially resolved photoionization modeling could be applied to EELRs to
investigate long time scale variability.Comment: 38 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Recommended from our members
The vertical distribution and biological transport of marine microplastics across the epipelagic and mesopelagic water column.
Plastic waste has been documented in nearly all types of marine environments and has been found in species spanning all levels of marine food webs. Within these marine environments, deep pelagic waters encompass the largest ecosystems on Earth. We lack a comprehensive understanding of the concentrations, cycling, and fate of plastic waste in sub-surface waters, constraining our ability to implement effective, large-scale policy and conservation strategies. We used remotely operated vehicles and engineered purpose-built samplers to collect and examine the distribution of microplastics in the Monterey Bay pelagic ecosystem at water column depths ranging from 5 to 1000 m. Laser Raman spectroscopy was used to identify microplastic particles collected from throughout the deep pelagic water column, with the highest concentrations present at depths between 200 and 600 m. Examination of two abundant particle feeders in this ecosystem, pelagic red crabs (Pleuroncodes planipes) and giant larvaceans (Bathochordaeus stygius), showed that microplastic particles readily flow from the environment into coupled water column and seafloor food webs. Our findings suggest that one of the largest and currently underappreciated reservoirs of marine microplastics may be contained within the water column and animal communities of the deep sea
- …