182 research outputs found
Selection of intense rainfall events based on intensity thresholds and lightning data in Switzerland
This paper presents a method to identify intense warm season storms with
convective character based on intensity thresholds and the presence of
lightning, and analyzes their statistical properties. Long records of
precipitation and lightning data at 4 stations and 10 min resolution in
different climatological regions in Switzerland are used. Our premise is that
thunderstorms associated with lightning generate bursts of high rainfall
intensity. We divided all recorded storms into those accompanied by lightning
and those without lightning and found the threshold <i>I</i><sup>*</sup> that separates
intense events based on peak 10 min intensity <i>I</i><sub>p</sub> ≥ <i>I</i><sup>*</sup> for a
chosen misclassification rate α. The performance and robustness of the
selection method was tested by investigating the inter-annual variability of
<i>I</i><sup>*</sup> and its relation to the frequency of lightning strikes. The probability
distributions of the main storm properties (rainfall depth <i>R</i>, event
duration <i>D</i>, average storm intensity <i>I</i><sub>a</sub> and peak 10 min
intensity <i>I</i><sub>p</sub>) for the intense storm subsets show that the event
average and peak intensities are significantly different between the
stations. Non-parametric correlations between the main storm properties were
estimated for intense storms and all storms including stratiform rain. The
differences in the correlations between storm subsets are greater than those
between stations, which indicates that care must be exercised not to mix
events of different origin when they are sampled for multivariate analysis,
for example, copula fitting to rainfall data
EFFECTS OF FIBRE AND FABRIC REINFORCEMENTS ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS COMPOSITES
Region-of-influence approach to a frequency analysis of heavy precipitation in Slovakia
International audienceThe L-moment-based regionalization approach developed by Hosking and Wallis (1997) is a frequently used tool in regional frequency modeling of heavy precipitation events. The method consists of the delineation of homogeneous pooling groups with a fixed structure, which may, however, lead to undesirable step-like changes in growth curves and design value estimates in the case of a transition from one pooling group to another. Unlike the standard methodology, the region-of-influence (ROI) approach does not make use of groups of sites (regions) with a fixed structure; instead, each site has its own "region", i.e. a group of sites that are sufficiently similar to the site of interest. The aim of the study is to develop a version of the ROI approach, which was originally proposed in order to overcome inconsistencies involved in flood frequency analysis, for the modeling of probabilities of heavy precipitation amounts. Various settings of the distance metric and pooled weighting factors are evaluated, and a comparison with the standard regional frequency analysis over the area of Slovakia is performed. The advantages of the ROI approach are assessed by means of simulation studies. It is demonstrated that almost any setting of parameters of the ROI method yields estimates of growth curves and design values at individual sites that are superior to the standard regional and at-site estimates
Magnetotransport studies of Superconducting PrFeAsTeO
We report a detailed study of the electrical transport properties of single
crystals of PrFeAsTeO, a recently discovered iron-based
superconductor. Resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance are measured in
a broad temperature range revealing the role of electrons as dominant charge
carriers. The significant temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient and
the violation of Kohler's law indicate multiband effects in this compound. The
upper critical field and the magnetic anisotropy are investigated in fields up
to 16 T, applied parallel and perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis.
Hydrostatic pressure up to 2 GPa linearly increases the critical temperature
and the resistivity residual ratio. A simple two-band model is used to describe
the transport and magnetic properties of PrFeAsTeO. The
model can successfully explain the strongly temperature dependent negative Hall
coefficient and the high magnetic anisotropy assuming that the mobility of
electrons is higher than that of holes
Calculating all elements of minimal index in the infinite parametric family of simplest quartic fields
summary:It is a classical problem in algebraic number theory to decide if a number field is monogeneous, that is if it admits power integral bases. It is especially interesting to consider this question in an infinite parametric family of number fields. In this paper we consider the infinite parametric family of simplest quartic fields generated by a root of the polynomial , assuming that , and has no odd square factors. In addition to generators of power integral bases we also calculate the minimal index and all elements of minimal index in all fields in this family
Temporal-spatial Patterns of Noctuinae Communities (Lep. Noctuidae) in Hungarian Apple Orchards (Apple Ecosystem Research)
In our present study we aimed to recognize the temporal and spatial patterns of Noctuinae communities (Lep.Noctuidae) of four differently managed apple orchards laying in different localities of Hungary. Data were obtained by light trap collection. The quantitative data resulting from our investigations were analyzed by multivariate methods and were also analyzed by their diversity characteristics.As a result connections were found regarding the diversities of species and individuals, the patterns of occurrence and phenological properties. The studies were based on 8497 individuals of 39 species
Pressure effects on the transport coefficients of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2
We report the temperature dependence of the resistivity and thermoelectric
power under hydrostatic pressure of the itinerant antiferromagnet BaFe2As2 and
the electron-doped superconductor Ba(Fe0.9Co0.1)2As2. We observe a hole-like
contribution to the thermopower below the structural-magnetic transition in the
parent compound that is suppressed in magnitude and temperature with pressure.
Pressure increases the contribution of electrons to transport in both the doped
and undoped compound. In the 10% Co-doped sample, we used a two-band model for
thermopower to estimate the carrier concentrations and determine the effect of
pressure on the band structure
A process-based analysis of the suitability of copula types for peak-volume flood relationships
The work aims at analyzing the bivariate relationship between flood peaks
and flood volumes, with a particular focus on the type and seasonality of
flood generation processes. Instead of the usual approach that deals with an
analysis of the annual maxima of flood events, the current analysis includes
all independent flood events in a catchment. Flood events are considered
independent when they originate from distinguishably different
synoptic/meteorological situations. The target region is located in the
northern part of Austria, and consists of 72 small and mid-sized catchments.
On the basis of the discharge measurements with a time resolution of 1 h
from the period 1976–2007, independent flood events were identified and were
assigned to one of the three following flood generation type categories:
synoptic floods, flash floods and snowmelt floods. These were subsequently
divided into two seasons, thereby separating predominantly rainfall-fed and
snowmelt-fed floods. Nine frequently-used copula types were locally fitted
to the samples of the flood type and seasonal data. Their goodness-of-fit
was examined locally as well as analyzed in a regional scope. It was
concluded that (i) treating flood processes separately is beneficial for the
statistical analysis; (ii) suitability patterns of acceptable copula types
are distinguishably different for the seasons/flood types considered, (iii)
the Clayton and Joe copulas shows an unacceptable performance for all the
seasons/flood types in the region; (iv) the rejection rate of the other
copula types depends on the season/flood type and also on the sample size;
(v) given that usually more than one statistically suitable dependence model
exists, an uncertainty analysis of the design values in the engineering
studies resulting from the choice of model seems unavoidable; (vi) reducing
uncertainty in the choice of model could be attempted by a deeper
hydrological analysis of the dependence structure between flood peaks and
volumes in order to give hydrological support to the decision on model's
suitability in specific regions and for typical flood generation mechanisms
Upper critical field, pressure-dependent superconductivity and electronic anisotropy of SmFeAsTeOF
We present a detailed study of the electrical transport properties of a
recently discovered iron-based superconductor:
SmFeAsTeOF. We followed the temperature
dependence of the upper critical field by resistivity measurement of single
crystals in magnetic fields up to 16 T, oriented along the two main
crystallographic directions. This material exhibits a zero-temperature upper
critical field of 90 T and 65 T parallel and perpendicular to the FeAs
planes, respectively. An unprecedented superconducting magnetic anisotropy
is observed near Tc, and it decreases
at lower temperatures as expected in multiband superconductors. Direct
measurement of the electronic anisotropy was performed on microfabricated
samples, showing a value of that raises up to
19 near Tc. Finally, we have studied the pressure and temperature dependence of
the in-plane resistivity. The critical temperature decreases linearly upon
application of hydrostatic pressure (up to 2 GPa) similarly to overdoped
cuprate superconductors. The resistivity shows saturation at high temperatures,
suggesting that the material approaches the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit for metallic
conduction. Indeed, we have successfully modelled the resistivity in the normal
state with a parallel resistor model that is widely accepted for this state.
All the measured quantities suggest strong pressure dependence of the density
of states
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