Respiratory tract infections among children younger than 5 years: Current management in Australian general practice

Objective: To explore the current management in Australian general practice of common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children younger than 5 years. Design, setting and participants: Analysis of data from a sample of 4522 general practitioners who participated in the Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health (BEACH) cross-sectional survey, April 2007 to March 2012. Consultations with children younger than 5 years were analysed. Main outcome measures: GPs’ management of four common RTIs (acute upper RTI [URTI], acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis, acute tonsillitis, and pneumonia) in association with six management options: antibiotic medications; prescribed or supplied non-antibiotic medications; medications advised for over-the-counter purchase; referrals; pathology testing; and counselling. Results: Of 31 295 encounters recorded, at least one of the four selected paediatric RTIs was managed at 8157 encounters. URTI was managed 18.6 times per 100 GP patient encounters, bronchitis/bronchiolitis 4.2 times, acute tonsillitis 2.7 times, and pneumonia 0.6 times per 100 encounters. Antibiotics were prescribed most frequently for tonsillitis and least frequently for URTI. Male GPs prescribed antibiotics for URTI significantly more often than female GPs, while older GPs prescribed antibiotics for URTI more often than younger GPs. Conclusion: GP management of paediatric RTIs in Australia varied according to the clinical problem and with age and sex of the GP. Further research into parents’ and health professionals’ attitudes and practices regarding the role of antibiotics, over-the-counter medications, and hygiene will help maintain favourable management practices

698pphase ii efficacy and safety data for the met inhibitor tepotinib in patients pts with sorafenib treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma hcc

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Usando o Powerpoint para a construção de jogos educativos

O minicurso ora proposto apresentará algumas formas de utilização da ferramenta Powerpointda Microsoft para criação de apresentações Powerpoint com seus mecanismos de botões deação e possibilidades de configurar ações e macros (VBA) associadas aos botões

Aceptación final 21 septiembre

ABSTRACT: The maned wolf feeds mainly on fruits and small vertebrates. The diet of maned wolf was studied at Águas Emendadas Ecological Station (AEES) through 328 faecal samples collected from November 1996 to August 1999. To evaluate the seasonal variation in food availability, the fruit phenology of the wolf's fruit, the main food item in maned wolf's diet, was monitored counting the fruits produced in 20 marked plants. Fructification phenology of fleshy fruit plants in the cerrado habitat of AEES was recorded monitoring five plots of 100 x 20 m, where the number of fruit producing species and individuals were recorded. The diet composition was 60% vegetal items and 40% animal ones. The wolf's fruit, other fruits and small mammals were the most frequent consumed categories, but armadillos, wolf's fruit, medium size mammals, and small mammals were the most important categories considering biomass. Maned wolves are generalist, with a broad diet, and consume most of the food items according to their availability. However, wolves are selective with regard to some food items, particularly the wolf's fruit during the dry season. RESUMEN: Hábitos alimentarios del aguará guazú (Chrysocyon brachyurus) en el dominio del Cerrado, Brasil. El aguará guazú se alimenta principalmente de frutos y vertebrados pequeños. Si bien se ha obtenido mucha información acerca de la dieta del aguará guazú, datos sobre la ecología trófica de esta especie en reservas pequeñas del Cerrado son importantes para establecer estrategias de conservación. Se estudió la dieta del aguará guazú en la Estación Ecológica de Águas Emendadas (EEAE) a través de 328 muestras de heces colectadas entre noviembre de 1996 y agosto de 1999. Para evaluar la variación estacional en la disponibilidad de alimentos se analizó la fenología frutal de Solanum lycocarpum, el principal componente de la dieta de este cánido, contando los frutos producidos en 20 plantas marcadas. Se estudió la fenología de fructificación de plantas con frutos carnosos en el ambiente de Cerrado de la EEAE en cinco parcelas de 100 x 20 m, registrándose el número de especies productoras de frutos y sus individuos. La composición de la dieta fue de 60% de ítems vegetales y de 40% de ítems animales. Solanum lycocarpum, otros frutos y los micromamíferos fueron las categorías consumidas con mayor frecuencia, pero considerando la biomasa las categorías más importantes fueron los armadillos, el Solanum lycocarpum y los mamíferos medianos y pequeños. El aguará guazú es generalista, con una dieta amplia, consumiendo la mayor parte del ali-38 FHG Rodrigues et al

Ergodicity and digital texts

Na passagem do texto físico para o texto digital ocorre uma quebra da linearidade da página impressa, que afecta a forma como a recepção se alia à produção através da performatividade característica das novas narrativas. A ruptura do limite material do texto, permitida pela hipertextualidade, obriga a uma construção de sentidos diferente, que assenta na exploração de um texto maior. A introdução do hipermedia vem depois ampliar e complexificar a ideia de hipertextualidade, ao fazer convergir linguagens diversas, num processo interactivo que se assemelha ao processo da própria criação. A partir de estímulos e aberturas do trabalho digital, os textos ergódicos constroem a imaterialidade da significação em espaços singularizados de materialidade algorítmica. Perante um texto destituído de corpo próprio ou único, pretende-se discutir a forma como a textualidade electrónica assiste a esta desmaterialização e a conduz, e como o discurso hipermedia se desloca entre linguagens e suportes multimédia diferentes.ABSTRACT: Whilst breaking the linearity of the printed page, the passage from the physical text to a digital one has blurred the limits between reception and production and has shaped different narrative performances. Hypertextuality has shattered the limits of the text and has simultaneously required the construction of meaning by exploring a major text. Eventually, hypermedia has amplified and complexified that hypertextuality by being able to converge diverse languages, in an interactive process that resembles the actual creation activity. In response to the nodes and stimuli of the digital work, ergodic texts coexist within a customized space of algorithmic materiality and signification immateriality. In this paper we want to discuss how the bodiless but crowded electronic textuality leads this dematerialization as the hypermedia discourse flickers among different languages and multimedia devices.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Start of SPIDER operation towards ITER neutral beams

Heating Neutral Beam (HNB) Injectors will constitute the main plasma heating and current drive tool both in ITER and JT60-SA, which are the next major experimental steps for demonstrating nuclear fusion as viable energy source. In ITER, in order to achieve the required thermonuclear fusion power gain Q=10 for short pulse operation and Q=5 for long pulse operation (up to 3600s), two HNB injectors will be needed [1], each delivering a total power of about 16.5 MW into the magnetically-confined plasma, by means of neutral hydrogen or deuterium particles having a specific energy of about 1 MeV. Since only negatively charged particles can be efficiently neutralized at such energy, the ITER HNB injectors [2] will be based on negative ions, generated by caesium-catalysed surface conversion of atoms in a radio-frequency driven plasma source. A negative deuterium ion current of more than 40 A will be extracted, accelerated and focused in a multi-aperture, multi-stage electrostatic accelerator, having 1280 apertures (~ 14 mm diam.) and 5 acceleration stages (~200 kV each) [3]. After passing through a narrow gas-cell neutralizer, the residual ions will be deflected and discarded, whereas the neutralized particles will continue their trajectory through a duct into the tokamak vessels to deliver the required heating power to the ITER plasma for a pulse duration of about 3600 s. Although the operating principles and the implementation of the most critical parts of the injector have been tested in different experiments, the ITER NBI requirements have never been simultaneously attained. In order to reduce the risks and to optimize the design and operating procedures of the HNB for ITER, a dedicated Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) [4] has been promoted by the ITER Organization with the contribution of the European Union\u2019s Joint Undertaking for ITER and of the Italian Government, with the participation of the Japanese and Indian Domestic Agencies (JADA and INDA) and of several European laboratories, such as IPP-Garching, KIT-Karlsruhe, CCFE-Culham, CEA-Cadarache. The NBTF, nicknamed PRIMA, has been set up at Consorzio RFX in Padova, Italy [5]. The planned experiments will verify continuous HNB operation for one hour, under stringent requirements for beam divergence (< 7 mrad) and aiming (within 2 mrad). To study and optimise HNB performances, the NBTF includes two experiments: MITICA, full-scale NBI prototype with 1 MeV particle energy and SPIDER, with 100 keV particle energy and 40 A current, aiming at testing and optimizing the full-scale ion source. SPIDER will focus on source uniformity, negative ion current density and beam optics. In June 2018 the experimental operation of SPIDER has started

Establishing environmental soil phosphorus thresholds to mitigate its transfer to water bodies in Mato Grosso State, Brazil.

Abstract: Excessive phosphorus (P) applications can increase nutrient levels in the soil, facilitating its transference to aquatic environments and causing contamination. Thus, the environmental P threshold (P-threshold) is a tool to establish a sound level of P in the soil, in which P values below the threshold are harmless to the environment. This study aimed to establish a P-threshold equation for the soils of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Twenty samples of representative soils from the main swine production regions of the State were collected. These samples were characterized chemically and in terms of P adsorption capacity, then incubated with P rates for 30 days. After incubation, the water-soluble P content (P-water) and the available P content were determined by Mehlich-1 method (P-Mehlich-1). The relationship between P-water and P-Mehlich-1 allowed the determination of the P-Mehlich-1 content from which the amount of nutrient in water increases abruptly, establishing this point as the limit P (P-limit). Subsequently, the P-limit values were plotted against the clay content of the soils, and the resulting equation was used to calculate the P-threshold by adding a safety margin of 20 % to the P-limit versus clay equation. The model was tested on 120 soil samples from Mato Grosso State, and it was able to separate them into two groups with low and high P-water, classified as below or above P-threshold, respectively. Based on that, the simplified equation “P-threshold (mg dm-3) = 13 + 0.5 * % clay” was proposed