Polystyrene Nanocomposites based on Carbazole-Containing Surfactants

New organically-modified clays containing a carbazole unit were prepared and the number of long alkyl chains on the surfactant was varied. The clay was used to prepare polystyrene nanocomposites by both bulk polymerization and melt blending. The dispersion of these clays in the polymer matrix was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal stability of the clays and the nanocomposites were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) while the fire properties were evaluated by cone calorimetry. If more than two alkyl chains were present, the gallery spacing is apparently overcrowded, leading to poor dispersion. Bulk polymerization gave nanocomposites with better dispersion and reduced flammability when compared to the melt blending process

Synergy Between Nanocomposite Formation and Low Levels of Bromine on Fire Retardancy in Polystyrenes

An organically-modified clay has been prepared using ammonium salts which contain an oligomeric material consisting of vinylbenzyl chloride, styrene and dibromostyrene. The presence of dibromostyrene enhances the flame retardancy of polystyrene nanocomposites compared to both the virgin polymer and polystyrene nanocomposites prepared from non-halogen-containing organically-modified clays. The nanocomposites were prepared both by bulk polymerization and melt blending and they were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry measurements. Bulk polymerization produced nanocomposites with reduced peak heat release rate, reduced total heat release and improved thermal stability. It is noteworthy that all these improvements were obtained with clay loading as low as 3% and bromine content less than 4%

Styrenic Nanocomposites Prepared using a Novel Biphenyl-Containing Clay

Montmorillonite was organically modified using an ammonium salt containing 4-acetylbiphenyl. This clay (BPNC16 clay) was used to prepare polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) nanocomposites. Polystyrene nanocomposites were prepared both by in situ bulk polymerisation and melt blending processes, while the ABS and HIPS nanocomposites were prepared only by melt blending. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm nanocomposite formation. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate thermal stability and the flammability properties were evaluated using cone calorimetry. By thermogravimetry, BPNC16 clay was found to show high thermal stability, and by cone calorimetry, a decrease in both the peak heat release rate and the mass loss rate was observed for the nanocomposites

Fire Retardancy of Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites: Synergy with Phosphorus-Based Fire Retardants

Vinyl ester (PVE) nanocomposites were prepared using both clay and polyhedral oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) as the nano-dimensional material. From cone calorimetric data, it was shown that both POSS and clay affect the flammability of the nanocomposites to the same extent. To improve on the flame retardancy, the nanocomposites were combined with phosphorous-containing fire retardants (FRs) and the result compared to the benchmark halogen-containing system. The use of the cone calorimeter to investigate the fire properties of these nanocomposites showed a great reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) in the presence of phosphate and slight improvements in average mass loss rate (AMLR) while thermogravimetric analysis showed improvement in char yield in the presence of phosphate. Several different organically modified clays were used and they affected the flammability to different extents. The time that the resin and clay were mixed and the atmosphere in which the reaction was carried out do not have an effect on the flammability and thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The effect of curing temperature on the clay dispersion and flammability was also investigated

Fidelity of optimally controlled quantum gates with randomly coupled multiparticle environments

This work studies the feasibility of optimal control of high-fidelity quantum gates in a model of interacting two-level particles. One particle (the qubit) serves as the quantum information processor, whose evolution is controlled by a time-dependent external field. The other particles are not directly controlled and serve as an effective environment, coupling to which is the source of decoherence. The control objective is to generate target one-qubit gates in the presence of strong environmentally-induced decoherence and under physically motivated restrictions on the control field. It is found that interactions among the environmental particles have a negligible effect on the gate fidelity and require no additional adjustment of the control field. Another interesting result is that optimally controlled quantum gates are remarkably robust to random variations in qubit-environment and inter-environment coupling strengths. These findings demonstrate the utility of optimal control for management of quantum-information systems in a very precise and specific manner, especially when the dynamics complexity is exacerbated by inherently uncertain environmental coupling.Comment: tMOP LaTeX, 9 pages, 3 figures; Special issue of the Journal of Modern Optics: 37th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics, 2-6 January 200

Implementasi Konsep Aurora pada Interior Serikat Mural Surabaya Centre

Street art telah berkembang dengan sangat pesat, salah satunya di Surabaya. Namun, street art sering dianggap negatif. Tetapi hal tersebut tidak menjadikan halangan bagi komunitas street art untuk terus berkembang, salah satunya seperti komunitas Serikat Mural Surabaya. Komunitas tersebut sering mengadakan berbagai macam kegiatan. Namun, basecamp yang mereka miliki belum memadai. Oleh karena itu, perancangan interior Serikat Mural Surabaya Centre dengan berbagai macam fasilitas ini dilakukan sehingga dapat mewadahi semua kegiatan komunitas dan dapat mengubah pandangan negatif masyarakat. Selain itu, Serikat Mural Surabaya Centre tersebut akan menggunakan konsep dengan pendekatan edukatif, rekreatif dan interaktif. Nilai edukatif dan interaktif dihadirkan melalui adanya studio mural sehingga pengunjung dapat ikut berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan komunitas. Sementara itu, nilai rekreatif dan interaktif dihadirkan melalui penggunaan teknologi interaktif dalam pameran sehingga pengunjung dapat melihat pameran lukisan mural dengan cara yang berbeda

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TATELI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

Kasus hipertensi di Sulawesi Utara meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kabupaten Minahasa termasuk dari wilayah di Sulawesi Utara dengan prevalensi hipertensi. > 40%. Puskemas Tateli yang merupakan salah satu Puskesmas di Kabupaten Minahasa, dimana pada tahun 2014 kejadian hipertensi menepati urutan kedua dengan angka kejadian 669 kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan kejadian hipertensi pada masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tateli Kabupaten Minahasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tateli pada bulan Januari tahun 2016. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penduduk di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tateli Kecamatan Pineleng jumlah 669 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin sebanyak 90 Pasien. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat. Analisis statistik menggunakan Chi Square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (ὰ=0,05). Analisis hubungan antara pengetahuan masyarakat dengan kejadian hipertensi diperoleh p value = 0,000, dan analisis hubungan antara sikap dengan kejadian hipertensi diperoleh p value = 0,003.Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Kejadian Hipertensi, Hipertensi TateliABSTRACTHypertension cases in North Sulawesi increase from year to year. Minahasa Regency is included in the region in North Sulawesi with the prevalence of hypertension. > 40%. Tateli Puskemas which is one of the Puskesmas in the Minahasa District, where in 2014 the incidence of hypertension kept the second order with an incidence of 669 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the incidence of hypertension in the community in the working area of the Tateli Health Center in Minahasa Regency. This research is an survey analytic study with a cross sectional approach. This research was dilaksanakan out in the Tateli Community Health Center working area in January 2016. The population in this study were patients who settled in Tateli village, Pineleng sub-district with the number 669 people. Sampling was using the Slovin formula as many as 90 patients. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. Statistical analysis using Chi Square at a 95% confidence level (ὰ = 0.05). Analysis of the relationship between community knowledge with the incidence of hypertension obtained p value = 0,000, and an analysis of the relationship between attitudes and the incidence of hypertension was obtained p value = 0.003. there is relationship between knowledge and attitudes of people with the incidence of hypertension in the working area of the Tateli Health Center districts Mandolang Minahasa Regency. for the government further improve counseling programs on hypertension, for side the Puskesmas to be able work together with other health institution how to socialize health in Tateli village. This research would be a motivation for other college student and subsequent researchers to conduct broader research.Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Hypertension, Hypertension Tatel

HUBUNGAN ANTARA BERAT BADAN LAHIR, STATUS GIZI DAN STATUS IMUNISASI DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS PANIKI BAWAH KOTA MANADO

Pneumonia adalah suatu penyakit saluran napas bawah (lower respiratory tract) akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi disertai demam. Menurut World Health Organitation (WHO), pada tahun 2015 terjadi kasus kematian pada anak dibawah usia lima tahun akibat pneumonia sebanyak 922.000 (15%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berat badan lahir, status gizi dan status imunisasi dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anak berumur 12-59 bulan yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado. Pada Januari 2017, diperoleh data dari Puskesmas Paniki Bawah Kota Manado yaitu sebanyak 2506 balita yang datang untuk berobat dan total sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 96 balita. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square (α=0, 05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 19 (19,8%) balita menderita pneumonia dan sebanyak 77 (80,2%) balita bukan menderita pneumonia. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi (p=0,001) dan status imunisasi (p=0,004) dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita sedangkan berat badan lahir (p=0,256) tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita.Kata Kunci: Pneumonia, Balita, Berat badan lahir, Status Gizi, Status Imunisasi.ABSTRACTPneumonia is a disease of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) caused by acute infection accompanied by fever. According to the World Health Organitation (WHO), by the year 2015 case of death in children under five years of age due to pneumonia as much 922,000 (15%). The purpose of this research is to know the relation between birth weight, nutritional status and the status of immunization with pneumonia on toddlers in the region Paniki Bawah Manado city Clinics. This research use analytic observational method with cross sectional approach. The population in this research is children from 12-59 month in the work of the Paniki Bawah Manado city Clinics. In January 2017, obtained data from Clinics Paniki Bawah Manado city that is as much as the 2506 toddlers who came for medical treatment and the total sample in this research that is as much as 96 toddlers. Bivariat analysis performed using Chi Square test (α = 0, 05). The results showed that as many as 19 (19.8%) toddlers suffering from pneumonia and as much as 77 (80.2%) toddler is not suffering from pneumonia. The results of the analysis of the statistics shows that there is a meaningful relationship between the nutritional status (p = 0.001) and immunization status (p = 0,004) with the incidence of pneumonia on toddlers while birth weight (p = 0,256) there is no meaningful relationship with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers. There are two independent variables that are associated with the incidence of pneumonia in babies in the region Paniki Bawah Manado city Clinics, namely nutritional status and immunization status while variables unrelated is birth weight.Key Words: Pneumonia, Toddler, Birth Weight, Nutritional Status, Immunization Statu

Analisis Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Motivasi Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Kasus pada PT. Jakarta Cakratunggal Steel Mills)

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of transformational leadership style, job motivation, and job satisfaction on the employee performance of PT. Jakarta Cakratunggal Steel Mills. Type of research that used in this study is the causal explanatory research, in which the sampling method used is the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling by giving questionnaires to 217 permanent employees on PT. Jakarta Cakratunggal Steel Mills. The analytical method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 20. The result of this study indicate that the transformational leadership style has a positive but not significant effect to the employee performance, job motivation has a positive and significant effect to the employee performance, and job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect to the employee performance of PT. Jakarta Cakratunggal Steel Mill