43,337 research outputs found
Two and three electrons in a quantum dot: 1/|J| - expansion
We consider systems of two and three electrons in a two-dimensional parabolic
quantum dot. A magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the electron plane
of motion. We show that the energy levels corresponding to states with high
angular momentum, J, and a low number of vibrational quanta may be
systematically computed as power series in 1/|J|. These states are relevant in
the high-B limit.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages,6 postscript figure
Experimental ratchet effect in superconducting films with periodic arrays of asymmetric potentials
A vortex lattice ratchet effect has been investigated in Nb films grown on
arrays of nanometric Ni triangles, which induce periodic asymmetric pinning
potentials. The vortex lattice motion yields a net dc-voltage when an ac
driving current is applied to the sample and the vortex lattice moves through
the field of asymmetric potentials. This ratchet effect is studied taking into
account the array geometry, the temperature, the number of vortices per unit
cell of the array and the applied ac currents.Comment: 15 pages, figures include
Internal transitions of negatively charged magnetoexcitons in quantum dots
We report calculations of oscillator strengths for the far infrared
absorption of light by the excitonic complexes Xn- (the excess charge, n,
ranging from one to four) confined in quantum dots. The magnetic field is
varied in an interval which corresponds to ``filling factors'' between 2 and
3/5. Electron-hole interaction effects are seen in the deviations of the peak
positions from the Kohn lines, and in the spreading of the oscillator strengths
over a few final states. Transition densities are used as an additional tool to
characterize the absorption peaks.Comment: Presented as a poster in the Third Stig Lundqvist Conference on
Advancing Frontiers of Condensed Matter Physics: Fundamental Interactions and
Excitations in Confined Systems, Trieste, August 11 - 1
The Limits on Cosmological Anisotropies and Inhomogeneities from COBE Data
Assuming that the cosmological principle holds, Maartens, Ellis and Stoeger
(MES) recently constructed a detailed scheme linking anisotropies in the cosmic
background radiation (CMB) with anisotropies and inhomogeneities in the large
scale structure of the universe and showed how to place limits on those
anisotropies and inhomogeneities simply by using CMB quadrupole and octupole
limits. First we indicate and discuss the connection between the covariant
multipole moments of the temperature anisotropy used in the MES scheme and the
quadrupole and octupole results from COBE. Then we introduce those results into
the MES limit equations to obtain definite quantitative limits on the complete
set of cosmological measures of anisotropy and inhomogeneity.
We find that all the anisotropy measures are less than 10^{-4} in the case of
those not affected by the expansion rate H, and less than 10^{-6} Mpc^{-1} in
the case of those which are. These results quantitatively demonstrate that the
observable universe is indeed close to Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker
(FLRW) on the largest scales, and can be adequately modelled by an almost-FLRW
model -- that is, the anisotropies and inhomogeneities characterizing the
observable universe on the largest scales are not too large to be considered
perturbations to FLRW.Comment: Original paper with corrections. ApJ 476 435 (1997) erratum to appear
ApJ Sept 199
Single and Multiple Vortex Rings in Three-Dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensates: Existence, Stability and Dynamics
In the present work, we explore the existence, stability and dynamics of
single and multiple vortex ring states that can arise in Bose-Einstein
condensates. Earlier works have illustrated the bifurcation of such states, in
the vicinity of the linear limit, for isotropic or anisotropic
three-dimensional harmonic traps. Here, we extend these states to the regime of
large chemical potentials, the so-called Thomas-Fermi limit, and explore their
properties such as equilibrium radii and inter-ring distance, for multi-ring
states, as well as their vibrational spectra and possible instabilities. In
this limit, both the existence and stability characteristics can be partially
traced to a particle picture that considers the rings as individual particles
oscillating within the trap and interacting pairwise with one another. Finally,
we examine some representative instability scenarios of the multi-ring dynamics
including breakup and reconnections, as well as the transient formation of
vortex lines.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure
Isotropic Wavelets: a Powerful Tool to Extract Point Sources from CMB Maps
It is the aim of this paper to introduce the use of isotropic wavelets to
detect and determine the flux of point sources appearing in CMB maps. The most
suited wavelet to detect point sources filtered with a Gaussian beam is the
Mexican Hat. An analytical expression of the wavelet coefficient obtained in
the presence of a point source is provided and used in the detection and flux
estimation methods presented. For illustration the method is applied to two
simulations (assuming Planck Mission characteristics) dominated by CMB (100
GHz) and dust (857 GHz) as these will be the two signals dominating at low and
high frequency respectively in the Planck channels. We are able to detect
bright sources above 1.58 Jy at 857 GHz (82% of all sources) and above 0.36 Jy
at 100 GHz (100% of all) with errors in the flux estimation below 25%. The main
advantage of this method is that nothing has to be assumed about the underlying
field, i.e. about the nature and properties of the signal plus noise present in
the maps. This is not the case in the detection method presented by Tegmark and
Oliveira-Costa 1998. Both methods are compared producing similar results.Comment: 6 pages. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Cosmological applications of a wavelet analysis on the sphere
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a relic radiation of the Big Bang
and as such it contains a wealth of cosmological information. Statistical
analyses of the CMB, in conjunction with other cosmological observables,
represent some of the most powerful techniques available to cosmologists for
placing strong constraints on the cosmological parameters that describe the
origin, content and evolution of the Universe. The last decade has witnessed
the introduction of wavelet analyses in cosmology and, in particular, their
application to the CMB. We review here spherical wavelet analyses of the CMB
that test the standard cosmological concordance model. The assumption that the
temperature anisotropies of the CMB are a realisation of a statistically
isotropic Gaussian random field on the sphere is questioned. Deviations from
both statistical isotropy and Gaussianity are detected in the reviewed works,
suggesting more exotic cosmological models may be required to explain our
Universe. We also review spherical wavelet analyses that independently provide
evidence for dark energy, an exotic component of our Universe of which we know
very little currently. The effectiveness of accounting correctly for the
geometry of the sphere in the wavelet analysis of full-sky CMB data is
demonstrated by the highly significant detections of physical processes and
effects that are made in these reviewed works.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures; JFAA invited review, in pres
Unveiling a Population of X-ray Non-Detected AGN
We define a sample of 27 radio-excess AGN in the Chandra Deep Field North by
selecting galaxies that do not obey the radio/infrared correlation for
radio-quiet AGN and star-forming galaxies. Approximately 60% of these
radio-excess AGN are X-ray undetected in the 2 Ms Chandra catalog, even at
exposures of > 1 Ms; 25% lack even 2-sigma X-ray detections. The absorbing
columns to the faint X-ray-detected objects are 10^22 cm^-2 < N_H < 10^24
cm^-2, i.e., they are obscured but unlikely to be Compton thick. Using a local
sample of radio-selected AGN, we show that a low ratio of X-ray to radio
emission, as seen in the X-ray weakly- and non-detected samples, is correlated
with the viewing angle of the central engine, and therefore with obscuration.
Our technique can explore the proportion of obscured AGN in the distant
Universe; the results reported here for radio-excess objects are consistent
with but at the low end of the overall theoretical predictions for
Compton-thick objects.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 15 pages, 10
figures, 4 table
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