Radiografia dos herbicidas.

bitstream/item/58458/1/Radiografia-herbicidas.pd

Perceptions of sexual abuse in sport: A qualitative study in the Portuguese sports community

Child sexual abuse is a complex issue that can take place in different contexts. Sports settings have specific features which pose increased risk for sexual abuse to occur. Recently, a country-specific roadmap for effective child safeguarding in sport was launched. Considering the need to achieve a comprehensive picture of violence against children in sports settings in Portugal, we analyzed the perceptions of the sports community in Portugal regarding child sexual abuse, its victims and perpetrators, and the specific risk factors in sports settings, as studies about this specific topic are scarce at the national level. A descriptive exploratory study was conducted using an online questionnaire with open-ended questions. Three hundred participants, i.e., sports managers, coaches, and athletes over 18 years of age (M = 33.13; SD = 13.062), of which 55.7% were female, answered. A thematic analysis of these data was conducted using NVivo software. Inter-rater agreement was strong for almost all variables. Results indicated that sexual abuse is perceived as being associated with physical and emotional abusive behaviors for which there is no consent from the victim, in a relationship that is guided by a relationship with power imbalances. Victims were mainly perceived as being female children, and perpetrators as adult males in a powerful position over the victim. As to possible signs of sexual abuse victimization, results showed that the participants identify behaviors, such as isolation, and physical evidence, such as marks and injuries. Risk factors specific to sports setting included the physical contact involved in many modalities, as well as the close and trustful relationship established between coach and athlete. Results are in line with previous studies showing that coaches, athletes, and sports managers share a common understanding of sexual abuse, although not always accurate. These results shed light on important practical and policy implications relevant to country-specific sport policies for effectively safeguarding children.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Shipping emissions over Europe: a state-of-the-art and comparative analysis

Several emission inventories exist for Europe, which include emissions originating from ship traffic in European sea areas. However, few comparisons of these inventories, in particular focusing on specific emission sectors like shipping, exist in literature. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review and compare commonly used, and freely available, emission inventories available for the European domain, specifically for shipping and its main pollutants (NOx, SOx and PM10). Five different inventories were considered which include shipping activity: 1) EMEP; 2) TNO-MACC_III; 3) E-PRTR; 4) EDGAR and 5) STEAM. The inventories were initially compared in terms of total emission values and their spatial distribution. The total emission values are largely in agreement (with the exception of E-PRTR), however, the spatial representation shows significant differences in the emission distribution, in particular over the Mediterranean region. As for the contribution of shipping to overall emissions, this sector represent on average 16%, 11% and 5% of total NOx, SOx and PM10 emissions, respectively. Recommendations are given regarding the specific use of each available inventory.Thanks are due for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017 -POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638), FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC), the co-funding by FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020, for the AIRSHIP project (PTDC/AAG-MAA/2569/2014 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016752). And for the post doc and doc grants of J. Ferreira (SFRH/BPD/100346/2014) and C. Gama (SFRH/BD/87468/2012) . To TNO for access to the TNO-MACC_III emission inventory, and Hugo Denier van der Gon and Jeroen J. P. Kuenen for their support regarding the TNO emission inventory. Finally, to Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen et al. for access to their emissions inventory, STEAM.publishe

Interfacial motion in flexo- and order-electric switching between nematic filled states

We consider a nematic liquid crystal, in coexistence with its isotropic phase, in contact with a substrate patterned with rectangular grooves. In such a system, the nematic phase may fill the grooves without the occurrence of complete wetting. There may exist multiple (meta)stable filled states, each characterised by the type of distortion (bend or splay) in each corner of the groove and by the shape of the nematic-isotropic interface, and additionally the plateaux that separate the grooves may be either dry or wet with a thin layer of nematic. Using numerical simulations, we analyse the dynamical response of the system to an externally- applied electric field, with the aim of identifying switching transitions between these filled states. We find that order-electric coupling between the fluid and the field provides a means of switching between states where the plateaux between grooves are dry and states where they are wet by a nematic layer, without affecting the configuration of the nematic within the groove. We find that flexoelectric coupling may change the nematic texture in the groove, provided that the flexoelectric coupling differentiates between the types of distortion at the corners of the substrate. We identify intermediate stages of the transitions, and the role played by the motion of the nematic-isotropic interface. We determine quantitatively the field magnitudes and orientations required to effect each type of transition.Comment: 14 pages, 12 fig

Propriedades químicas de um latossolo amarelo cultivado com pastagens na Amazônia Oriental.

A pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar as modificações das propriedades químicas de um Latossolo Amarelo com cultivo de pastagens, submetidos a dois modelos de sistemas rotacionados, nos períodos chuvoso e seco, um com Brachiaria brizantha e o outro com Panicum maximum, nos anos de 1996 e 1997. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos dispostos num esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com doze repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas forrageiras braquiarão e tobiatã e as subparcelas foram constituídas pelos períodos chuvoso e seco dentro de cada ano. Para o estudo das propriedades químicas do solo, foram coletadas amostras nos períodos chuvoso e seco. O material orgânico incorporado ao solo através de restos de vegetais e a presença de excremento animal alterou as propriedades químicas nos anos estudados. Os teores de Ca, Mg, K, P, MO e o valor de pH foram maiores no ano de 1997. Teores mais elevados de Ca e Mg foram obtidos no sistema de pastejo com tobiatã do que no sistema com braquiarão. No período chuvoso os teores de Mg, K, MO e o valor de pH foram maiores, com exceção de P e Ca para o ano de 1997