Nonlinear Stability in the Generalised Photogravitational Restricted Three Body Problem with Poynting-Robertson Drag

The Nonlinear stability of triangular equilibrium points has been discussed in the generalised photogravitational restricted three body problem with Poynting-Robertson drag. The problem is generalised in the sense that smaller primary is supposed to be an oblate spheroid. The bigger primary is considered as radiating. We have performed first and second order normalization of the Hamiltonian of the problem. We have applied KAM theorem to examine the condition of non-linear stability. We have found three critical mass ratios. Finally we conclude that triangular points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fails.Comment: Including Poynting-Robertson Drag the triangular equilibrium points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fail

Bruno Touschek: particle physicist and father of the electron-positron collider

This article gives a brief outline of the life and works of the Austrian physicist Bruno Touschek, who conceived, proposed and, 50 years ago, brought to completion the construction of AdA, the first electron-positron storage ring. The events which led to the approval of the AdA pro ject and the Franco-Italian collaboration which con- firmed the feasibility of electron-positron storage rings will be recalled. We shall illustrate Bruno Touschek's formation both as a theoretical physicist and as an expert in particle accelerators during the period be- tween the time he had to leave the Vienna Staat Gymnasium in 1938, because of his Jewish origin from the maternal side, until he arrived in Italy in the early 1950s and, in 1960, proposed to build AdA, in Frascati. The events which led to Touschek's collaboration with Rolf Wideroe in the construction of the first European betatron will be de- scribed. The article will make use of a number of unpublished as well as previously unknown documents, which include an early correspon- dence with Arnold Sommerfeld and Bruno Touschek's letters to his family in Vienna from Italy, Germany and Great Britain. The impact of Touschek's work on students and collaborators from University of Rome will be illustrated through his work on QED infrared radiative corrections to high energy e+e- experiments and the book Meccanica Statistica.Comment: To be published in EPJ

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.</p

Post-processing and surface characterization of additively manufactured stainless steel 316l lattice: implications for biomedical use

10.3390/ma14061376Materials146Jan-2

Real-world cardiovascular disease burden in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive systematic literature review

<p><b>Objective:</b> Based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) rates range between 9 and 15 events per 1000 person-years, ischemic stroke between 4 and 6 per 1000 person-years, CHD death rates between 5 and 7 events per 1000 person-years, and any major vascular event between 28 and 53 per 1000 person-years in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We reviewed global literature on the topic to determine whether the real-world burden of secondary major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) is higher among ASCVD patients.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We searched PubMed and Embase using MeSH/keywords including cardiovascular disease, secondary prevention and observational studies. Studies published in the last 5 years, in English, with ≥50 subjects with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or on statins, and reporting secondary MACEs were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of each included study.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Of 4663 identified articles, 14 studies that reported MACE incidence rates per 1000 person-years were included in the review (NOS grades ranged from 8 to 9; 2 were prospective and 12 were retrospective studies). Reported incidence rates per 1000 person-years had a range (median) of 12.01–39.9 (26.8) for MI, 13.8–57.2 (41.5) for ischemic stroke, 1.0–94.5 (21.1) for CV-related mortality and 9.7–486 (52.6) for all-cause mortality. Rates were 25.8–211 (81.1) for composite of MACEs. Multiple event rates had a range (median) of 60–391 (183) events per 1000 person-years.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our review indicates that MACE rates observed in real-world studies are substantially higher than those reported in RCTs, suggesting that the secondary MACE burden and potential benefits of effective CVD management in ASCVD patients may be underestimated if real-world data are not taken into consideration.</p

Hind genotype influences on lactation and calf growth in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Multiparous red deer (Cervus elaphus scoticus) hinds (n=18) were artificially inseminated with semen from a red deer stag (n=8) or wapiti bull (C.e. nelsoni) (n=10) to produce red deer or F₁ crossbred (C.e. scoticus×C.e. nelsoni) calves. A further seven wapiti×red deer (F₁) hinds were artificially inseminated with semen from an unrelated F₁ stag to test the hypotheses that (1) crossbred hinds rearing crossbred calves will produce more milk to support calf growth than red deer hinds rearing crossbred calves, and (2) the extra lactation demand of crossbred calves will exert a more detrimental effect on red deer hind live weight and body condition than would occur if the dam was a crossbred hind. Hinds and calves were grazed on ryegrass and white clover pastures and supplemented with pasture silage and barley grain when pasture supply was inadequate. Calves were left with their mothers until approximately 240 days of age. Mean body condition score (BCS) was lower in F₁ hinds rearing F₂ calves during late lactation (days 150 to 240, P0.05), but similar thereafter. Male calves had a higher milk intake than female calves at 20 days of age only (P=0.004). The average hind pasture intake was greatest in F₁ hinds rearing F₂ calves, intermediate in red deer hinds rearing F₁ calves and lowest in red deer hinds rearing red deer calves (P=0.038). Total milk output for the lactation increased by approximately 14.6kg/kg average calf live weight at weaning for both F₁ hinds rearing F₂ calves (P=0.008) and red deer hinds rearing red deer calves (P=0.072), suggesting that calf demand rather than hind liveweight was the key determinant of lactation performance. This was not the case for red deer hinds rearing F₁ calves suggesting that there is an upper limit to lactation output depending on hind size. These results do not support the hypothesis that a crossbred hind rearing a crossbred calf will produce more milk than a red deer hind rearing a crossbred calf and provides evidence that the milk production of the hind is primarily driven by milk demand of the calf but has an upper limit depending on the size of the hind. The second hypothesis was not supported as F₁ hinds rearing F₂ calves exhibited greater loss of body condition score relative to the red deer hinds rearing either red deer or F₁ calves in this study. This suggests that the additional energetic demands on a hind from feeding an F₁ calf may be met with adequate nutrition