Риск развития метахронных злокачественных опухолей после хирургического и комбинированного (с предоперационной и интраоперационной лучевой терапией) лечения больных раком желудка

The incidence of metachronic tumors in gastric cancer patients was analyzed depending on the treatment method (surgery alone and combination of surgery with preoperative and intraoperative radiotherapy). Combined modality treatment included the use of intensive preoperative radiation therapy at a total dose of 20–27 Gy and intraoperative radiotherapy at a single dose of 20 Gy. Secondary tumors were revealed in 4 % of cases. No significant differences in the incidence of metachronic tumors between the group of patients treated with surgery alone and group of patients treated with combination therapy were found (4,4 % versus 3,7 %). Thus, the use of neoadjuvant and intraoperative radiation therapy resulted no in the increased frequency of metachronic lesion development.В сравнительном аспекте проанализирована частота развития и локализация метахронных опухолей в зависимости от метода лечения рака желудка: хирургического и комбинированного. Комбинированное лечение включало применение интенсивных курсов предоперационной лучевой терапии в СОД 20–27 Гр, а также их сочетания с интраоперационной лучевой терапией в дозе 20 Гр. В целом, вторые опухоли были выявлены в 4 % случаев. Значимых различий между группами больных, получавших хирургическое (4,4 %) или комбинированное лечение (3,7 %), не выявлено. Применение интраоперационной лучевой терапии также существенно не изменило данные показатели. Таким образом, применение неоадъювантной и интраоперационной лучевой терапии не привело к увеличению частоты развития и изменению структуры метахронных новообразований

Mucin-poor mucinous tubular and spindle cell kidney cancer and clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a rare clinical case

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney is a rare low-grade malignant tumour and accounts for less than 1% of all renal neoplasms. The classic morphological structure of the tumor is represented by three elements: spindle cells, ducts and myxoid or mucinous stroma. This tumor is indolent with a low risk of metastasis and a favorable outcome. However, cases with relapses, metastases to regional lymph nodes, and distant metastases, which were mainly characterised by high nuclear atypia, sarcomatoid transformation and other atypical morphological features are described in the literature. Several cases of mucin-poor and mucin-free mucinous tubular and spindle cell renal cell carcinoma have also been presented, making it difficult to differentiate from other renal cell carcinomas. There are reports of cases of mucin poor mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, which were accompanied by relapses and metastases. Thus, although the tumour is indolent, careful follow-up is necessary even after radical excision. In this article, we report a rare clinical case of combination of mucin-poor mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma of the kidney in a 50-year-old man. The results of clinical and instrumental studies, as well as the morphological features of both tumors are presented. Due to the atypical morphological structure of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, the final diagnosis was possible using an immunohistochemical method, which demonstrated the immunohistochemical profile characteristic of this tumour

Асинхронная репликация генов AURKA и TP53 у больных солитарным раком желудка и больных с полинеоплазиями

Background. The correct genome replication is essential for normal cell division to guarantee that genetic information comes changeless through the next cells generations. DNA replication is a strictly regulated and synchronous process and its disturbances could result to mutations appearances. Aberrant time of DNA replication affects on gene expression causes changes of epigenetic modifications and influences on increasing the structural rearrangements leading to enhanced genome disbalance. Replication time failure as asynchronous replication is common for cancerogeneses. The objective of our study was the assessment of asynchronous replication levels in patients with gastric cancer and patients with multiple tumors.Materials and methods. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used for the asynchronous replication of AURKA and TP53 genes analyses. Interphase FISH on lymphocytes of peripheral blood of 37 healthy donors, 19 patients with non-cancer gastrointestinal pathologies, 68 patients with solitary gastric cancer and 39 patients with multiple tumors having gastric cancer and other second synchronous or metachronous tumor was carried out.Results. Values of lymphocytes with asynchronous replication for AURKA were 19.8 ± 0.5 % for control group, 24.7 ± 0.4 % for non-cancer patients, 32.5 ± 0.5 % for gastric cancer patients, 39.5 ± 0.6 % for patients with multiple tumors and 17.3 ± 0.5, 19.5 ± 0.7, 26.1 ± 0.7 and 32.5 ± 0.6 % for TP53 respectively. Differences between cell populations of examined groups had statistical significance with p <0.01 for both studied gene. Also there was statistical difference between gastric cancer patients having distant metastases and gastric cancer patients without metastases for AURKA (34.4 ± 1.0 % vs. 31.7 ± 0.6 %; p = 0.02).Conclusion. High lymphocytes with asynchronous replication level in oncological patients could serve as potential marker of second tumor or possible metastatic process including the earliest stage of it. Введение. Правильная репликация генома важна для нормального клеточного деления как гарантия неизменности передачи генетической информации. ДНК-репликация является строго регулируемым и синхронизированным процессом, нарушения в котором могут приводить к возникновению мутаций. Нарушения во времени ДНК-репликации влияют на экспрессию генов, вызывают изменения в эпигенетических модификациях и влияют на увеличение частоты структурных перестроек, что приводит к нестабильности генома. Нарушения во времени репликации (асинхронная репликация) часто сопровождают развитие рака.Цель исследования – изучение встречаемости лимфоцитов периферической крови с асинхронной репликацией генов AURKA и TP53 у больных раком желудка и больных с полинеоплазиями.Материалы и методы. Асинхронность репликации генов AURKA и TP53 определяли методом флуоресцентной in situ гибридизации (FISH) в лимфоцитах периферической крови. Интерфазный FISH-анализ был выполнен у 37 здоровых доноров, 19 больных с неопухолевой патологией желудочно-кишечного тракта, 68 больных солитарным раком желудка и 39 пациентов с полинеоплазиями, т. е. с раком желудка и второй синхронной или метахронной опухолью. Результаты. Доля лимфоцитов с асинхронной репликацией гена AURKA составила 19,8 ± 0,5 % для контрольной группы, 24,7 ± 0,4 % для группы с неопухолевой патологией, 32,5 ± 0,5 % для группы больных раком желудка и 39,5 ± 0,6 % для группы с полинеоплазиями; для гена TP53 – 17,3 ± 0,5; 19,5 ± 0,7; 26,1 ± 0,7 и 32,5 ± 0,6 % соответственно. Различия между всеми обследованными группами были статистически значимы по обоим исследованным генам (p <0,01). Больные раком желудка с метастазами имели бόльшую долю лимфоцитов с асинхронной репликацией гена AURKA, чем пациенты без метастазов (34,4 ± 1,0 % против 31,7 ± 0,6; p = 0,02).Заключение. Высокий уровень лимфоцитов с асинхронной репликацией у онкологических больных может быть потенциальным маркером второй опухоли или возможного метастатического процесса, в том числе и на начальном уровне.

Erratum: Production and validation of scintillating structural components from low-background Poly(ethylene naphthalate)

[no abstract available

The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (LEGEND)

The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$) would show that lepton number is violated, reveal that neutrinos are Majorana particles, and provide information on neutrino mass. A discovery-capable experiment covering the inverted ordering region, with effective Majorana neutrino masses of 15 - 50 meV, will require a tonne-scale experiment with excellent energy resolution and extremely low backgrounds, at the level of $\sim$0.1 count /(FWHM$\cdot$t$\cdot$yr) in the region of the signal. The current generation $^{76}$Ge experiments GERDA and the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$ signal region of all 0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$ experiments. Building on this success, the LEGEND collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale $^{76}$Ge experiment. The collaboration aims to develop a phased 0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$ experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life approaching or at $10^{28}$ years, using existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results.Comment: Proceedings of the MEDEX'17 meeting (Prague, May 29 - June 2, 2017

Development of methods for the preparation of radiopure ⁸²Se sources for the SuperNEMO neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment

A radiochemical method for producing 82Se sources with an ultra-low level of contamination of natural radionuclides (40K, decay products of 232Th and 238U) has been developed based on cation-exchange chromatographic purification with reverse removal of impurities. It includes chromatographic separation (purification), reduction, conditioning (which includes decantation, centrifugation, washing, grinding, and drying), and 82Se foil production. The conditioning stage, during which highly dispersed elemental selenium is obtained by the reduction of purified selenious acid (H2SeO3) with sulfur dioxide (SO2) represents the crucial step in the preparation of radiopure 82Se samples. The natural selenium (600 g) was first produced in this procedure in order to refine the method. The technique developed was then used to produce 2.5 kg of radiopure enriched selenium (82Se). The produced 82Se samples were wrapped in polyethylene (12 μm thick) and radionuclides present in the sample were analyzed with the BiPo-3 detector. The radiopurity of the plastic materials (chromatographic column material and polypropylene chemical vessels), which were used at all stages, was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The radiopurity of the 82Se foils was checked by measurements with the BiPo-3 spectrometer, which confirmed the high purity of the final product. The measured contamination level for 208Tl was 8-54 μBq/kg, and for 214Bi the detection limit of 600 μBq/kg has been reached.</p

Measurement of the 2νββ decay half-life of 150Nd and a search for 0νββ decay processes with the full exposure from the NEMO-3 detector

We present results from a search for neutrinoless double-β (0νββ) decay using 36.6 g of the isotope 150Nd with data corresponding to a live time of 5.25 y recorded with the NEMO-3 detector. We construct a complete background model for this isotope, including a measurement of the two-neutrino double-β decay half-life of T2ν 1=2 ¼ ½9.34 0.22ðstatÞ þ0.62 −0.60 ðsystÞ × 1018 y for the ground state transition, which represents the most precise result to date for this isotope. We perform a multivariate analysis to search for 0νββ decays in order to improve the sensitivity and, in the case of observation, disentangle the possible underlying decay mechanisms. As no evidence for 0νββ decay is observed, we derive lower limits on half-lives for several mechanisms involving physics beyond the standard model. The observed lower limit, assuming light Majorana neutrino exchange mediates the decay, is T0ν 1=2 > 2.0 × 1022 y at the 90% C.L., corresponding to an upper limit on the effective neutrino mass of hmνi < 1.6–5.3 eV

Measurement of the double- β decay of ¹⁵⁰ Nd to the 0 1+ excited state of ¹⁵⁰ Sm in NEMO-3

The NEMO-3 results for the double- β decay of 150 Nd to the 0 1+ and 2 1+ excited states of 150 Sm are reported. The data recorded during 5.25 year with 36.6 g of the isotope 150 Nd are used in the analysis. The signal of the 2 νββ transition to the 0 1+ excited state is detected with a statistical significance exceeding 5 σ . The half-life is measured to be T1/22νββ(01+)=[1.11-0.14+0.19(stat)-0.15+0.17(syst)]×1020 year, which is the most precise value that has been measured to date. 90% confidence-level limits are set for the other decay modes. For the 2 νββ decay to the 2 1+ level the limit is T1/22νββ(21+)>2.42×1020year . The limits on the 0 νββ decay to the 0 1+ and 2 1+ levels of 150 Sm are significantly improved to T1/20νββ(01+)>1.36×1022year and T1/20νββ(21+)>1.26×1022year