Internet of Things (Iot) for Smart Cities- The Future Technology Revolution

Today the world is becoming connected. The number of devices that are connected are increasing day by day. Many studies reveal that about 50 billion devices would be connected by 2020 indicating that Internet of things have a very big role to play in the future to come. The applications of IoT are immense which include Energy, Healthcare, and Agriculture to name a few. IoT is an emerging technology that works with the integration of many other present day technologies. There are many threats to the environment today among them urbanization is one. The growing needs of the uraban population across the world are posing a serious threat to the environment. We need to act fast and meet these needs by developing technologies that cater the world problems. One such solution is to develop a smart world. The most important application of IoT is smart cities. Smart city represents one of the most promising, important and difficult Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In the last few years, the smart city concept has played an important role in both scholastic and industry fields, with the advancement and operation of various middleware platforms and IoT-based infrastructures. This paper talks about the role of IoT in developing smart cities for a smarter world

Role of Lashuna Rasayana in Margavaranaja Pakshagahta - A Case Study

The health of an individual is accessed by the optimum structural and functional wellbeing. The functional ability of the body may be physiological or physical is attributed to Vata. In morbidity, the same Vatadosha will affect the functionality, in terms of motor or sensory functions. The wide spectrum of disorders due to morbid Vatadosha is put under the heading of Vatavyadhi. Depending upon the affected part of the body further it is categorized as, Ekangavata, Sarvangavata and Pakshaghata. In Pakshaghata Chestanivrutti of one half of the body either left or right may be observed.[1] Pakshghata is one among 80 Nanatmaja Vyadhi.[2] There are three distinct Nidana for Pakshaghata. Dhatukshayaja, Margavarana and Swakopa.[3] Margavarana refers to the obstruction of the Raktamarga. Prime causative factors for Margavarana is Santarpanajanya Nidana leads to Dhamani Pratichyaya ends up in Pakshaghata. In modern science it is better understood as stroke syndrome. Lashunsa Rasayana4 is considered to be best in case of Vata Vyadhi. It is even indicated in Pakshaghata. In the present study role of Lashunsa Rasayana is done on the patients suffering from Margavaranaja Pakshaghata

Selective phenolics recovery from aqueous residues of pyrolysis oil through computationally designed green solvent

Leveraging advanced computational techniques, this study introduces an innovative hybrid computational-experimental approach for the recovery of hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone from the aqueous residue of pyrolysis oil derived from spent coffee grounds, offering a sustainable pathway for value-added chemicals recovery. A screw-type reactor operating within the temperature range of 450-550 degrees C was utilized for the conversion of spent coffee grounds into pyrolysis oil. A comprehensive characterization of the bio-oil was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), revealing hydroquinone and benzoquinone as the predominant phenolic compounds. Employing computer-aided molecular design (CAMD), we identified 1-propanol as an optimal green solvent for the selective extraction of quinones, offering superior process efficiency and economic viability. Notably, the extraction efficiency achieved for hydroquinone and p-benzoquinone reached up to 23.38 g/L and 14.39 g/L, respectively, from the aqueous fraction of pyrolysis oil at 550 degrees C, with an extraction time of 1 h. Techno-economic analysis indicated a robust rate of return of 20% and a payback period of 1.1 years for the separation process. This study underscores the critical role of a hybrid experimental-modelling approach in developing sustainable processes for the valorization of biowaste into valuable materials

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ROOTS OF FOUR THOTTEA SPECIES

Objective: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of the roots of four Thottea species. Methods: The root extracts of four Thottea species were subjected to antimicrobial assay by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Agar Disc diffusion Assay against various medically important pathogens. Results: It is evident from the study that. Significant antibacterial activity was recorded by Thottea sivarajanii and highest activity was recorded against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermis (64 µg/ml). Out of the four extracts tested for antifungal activity, Thottea barberi and Thottea ponmudiana recorded significant antifungal activity and the highest activity was recorded by T. barberi against Trichophyton rubrum (16µg/ml). Conclusion: Results offer a scientific basis for the traditional use of Thottea species in the treatment of microbial infections, showing that the plant extract has an enormous potential as a prospective alternative drug against microbial pathogens. The present study lays the basis for future studies, to validate the possible use of Thottea species as a candidate in the treatment of microbial infections

Safety and health index development for formulated product design: Paint formulation

Over the years, safety and health effects among consumers due to the exposure of formulated products have been reported. Thus, there is a need for systematic methodologies to assess the safety and health effects of the candidate’s ingredients in the early stages of formulated product design. Therefore, an index-based methodology was proposed to assess the safety and health effects in formulated product design. Product Safety and Health Index (PSHI) highlights the health sub-indexes based on the exposure routes including eye, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal. Each exposure route has its corresponding health sub-indexes that have to be applied. There are also new sub-indexes introduced for ingestion and dermal exposure. A case study on paint formulation was used to illustrate the developed methodology. The results show that the newly proposed index is able to identify hazardous chemical ingredient(s) with its corresponding adverse safety and health effects

PhenoHM: human–mouse comparative phenome–genome server

PhenoHM is a human–mouse comparative phenome–genome server that facilitates cross-species identification of genes associated with orthologous phenotypes (http://phenome.cchmc.org; full open access, login not required). Combining and extrapolating the knowledge about the roles of individual gene functions in the determination of phenotype across multiple organisms improves our understanding of gene function in normal and perturbed states and offers the opportunity to complement biologically the rapidly expanding strategies in comparative genomics. The Mammalian Phenotype Ontology (MPO), a structured vocabulary of phenotype terms that leverages observations encompassing the consequences of mouse gene knockout studies, is a principal component of mouse phenotype knowledge source. On the other hand, the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a composite collection of various human-centered biomedical terminologies. In the present study, we mapped terms reciprocally from the MPO to human disease concepts such as clinical findings from the UMLS and clinical phenotypes from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man knowledgebase. By cross-mapping mouse–human phenotype terms, extracting implicated genes and extrapolating phenotype-gene associations between species PhenoHM provides a resource that enables rapid identification of genes that trigger similar outcomes in human and mouse and facilitates identification of potentially novel disease causal genes. The PhenoHM server can be accessed freely at http://phenome.cchmc.org

CYLD Enhances Severe Listeriosis by Impairing IL-6/STAT3-Dependent Fibrin Production

The facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) may cause severe infection in humans and livestock. Control of acute listeriosis is primarily dependent on innate immune responses, which are strongly regulated by NF-kappa B, and tissue protective factors including fibrin. However, molecular pathways connecting NF-kappa B and fibrin production are poorly described. Here, we investigated whether the deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD, which is an inhibitor of NF-kappa B-dependent immune responses, regulated these protective host responses in murine listeriosis. Upon high dose systemic infection, all C57BL/6 Cyld(-/-) mice survived, whereas 100% of wildtype mice succumbed due to severe liver pathology with impaired pathogen control and hemorrhage within 6 days. Upon in vitro infection with Lm, CYLD reduced NF-kappa B-dependent production of reactive oxygen species, interleukin (IL)-6 secretion, and control of bacteria in macrophages. Furthermore, Western blot analyses showed that CYLD impaired STAT3-dependent fibrin production in cultivated hepatocytes. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that CYLD interacted with STAT3 in the cytoplasm and strongly reduced K63-ubiquitination of STAT3 in IL-6 stimulated hepatocytes. In addition, CYLD diminished IL-6-induced STAT3 activity by reducing nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated STAT3. In vivo, CYLD also reduced hepatic STAT3 K63-ubiquitination and activation, NF-kappa B activation, IL-6 and NOX2 mRNA production as well as fibrin production in murine listeriosis. In vivo neutralization of IL-6 by anti-IL-6 antibody, STAT3 by siRNA, and fibrin by warfarin treatment, respectively, demonstrated that IL-6-induced, STAT3-mediated fibrin production significantly contributed to protection in Cyld(-/-) mice. In addition, in vivo Cyld siRNA treatment increased STAT3 phosphorylation, fibrin production, pathogen control and survival of Lm-infected WT mice illustrating that therapeutic inhibition of CYLD augments the protective NF-kappa B/IL-6/STAT3 pathway and fibrin production