The Qualified Legal Compliance Committee: Using the Attorney Conduct Rules to Restructure the Board of Directors

The Securities and Exchange Commission introduced a new corporate governance structure, the qualified legal compliance committee, as part of the professional standards of conduct for attorneys mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. QLCCs are consistent with the Commission\u27s general approach to improving corporate governance through specialized committees of independent directors. This Article suggests, however, that assessing the benefits and costs of creating QLCCs may be more complex than is initially apparent. Importantly, QLCCs are unlikely to be effective in the absence of incentives for active director monitoring. This Article concludes by considering three ways of increasing these incentives

Community Monitoring of Environmental Change: College-Based Limnological Studies at Crazy Lake (Tasirluk), Nunavut

In light of the difficult logistics and high cost of polar research into climate change, involvement of local people can contribute immensely to important data collection. One can use the knowledge and skills of human resources that are already present—teachers, students, and community members. An example is the long-term Arctic monitoring program established at Crazy Lake (63°51' N, 68°28' W) near Iqaluit, Nunavut, to monitor snow and ice thickness, biological components, and water chemistry. Nunavut Arctic College students collected basic limnological data at Crazy Lake during spring field camps held between 10 and 16 April in 2005 and 2006. Mean snow depth ± SD for Crazy Lake was 0.46 ± 0.13 m (n = 24). White ice averaged 0.13 ± 0.12 m and black ice 1.38 ± 0.28 m. Total ice thickness (white ice + black ice) ranged between 0.91 and 1.91 m (mean = 1.51 ± 0.22 m). The total lake cover (snow + ice) averaged 1.97 ± 0.20 m. Water depth ranged from 1.48 to 18.58 m (mean = 10.10 ± 4.99 m).À la lumière de la complexité de la logistique et du coût élevé de la recherche polaire en matière de changement climatique, la participation des gens de la collectivité de la région à la collecte des données peut jouer un rôle très important en ce sens qu’il est possible de recourir aux connaissances et aux compétences des ressources humaines déjà en place, comme les enseignants, les élèves et les membres de la collectivité. Le programme de surveillance de l’Arctique de longue date établi au lac Crazy (63°51' N, 68°28' O) près d’Iqaluit, au Nunavut, en constitue un exemple. Ce programme vise à surveiller l’épaisseur de la neige et de la glace, de même que leurs composantes biologiques et la composition chimique de l’eau. Les élèves du collège Nunavut Arctic ont recueilli des données limnologiques de base au lac Crazy à l’occasion d’études sur le terrain réalisées au printemps 2005 et 2006, du 10 au 16 avril. Au lac Crazy, l’épaisseur moyenne de neige ± DS était de 0,46 ± 0,13 m (n = 24). La glace blanche atteignait en moyenne 0,13 ± 0,12 m et la glace noire, 1,38 ± 0,28 m. L’épaisseur totale de glace (glace blanche + glace noire) variait entre 0,91 et 1,91 m (moyenne = 1,51 ± 0,22 m). La couche du lac (neige + glace) atteignait en moyenne 1,97 ± 0,20 m, tandis que l’épaisseur de l’eau variait entre 1,48 et 18,58 m (moyenne = 10,10 ± 4,99 m)

Challenging psychiatric classification: healthy autistic diversity and the neurodiversity movement

This is the final version. Available from Palgrave MacMillan via the DOI in this record. Wellcome Trus

Self-Excitation and Feedback Cooling of an Isolated Proton

The first one-proton self-excited oscillator (SEO) and one-proton feedback cooling are demonstrated. In a Penning trap with a large magnetic gradient, the SEO frequency is resolved to the high precision needed to detect a one-proton spin flip. This is after undamped magnetron motion is sideband-cooled to a 14 mK theoretical limit, and despite random frequency shifts (larger than those from a spin flip) that take place every time sideband cooling is applied in the gradient. The observations open a possible path towards a million-fold improved comparison of the antiproton and proton magnetic moments

Cavity Control of a Single-Electron Quantum Cyclotron:\\Measuring the Electron Magnetic Moment

Measurements with a one-electron quantum cyclotron determine the electron magnetic moment, given by $g/2 = 1.001\,159\,652\,180\,73\,(28)\,[0.28~\textrm{ppt}]$, and the fine structure constant, $\alpha^{-1}=137.035\,999\,084\,(51)\,[0.37~\textrm{ppb}]$. Brief announcements of these measurements are supplemented here with a more complete description of the one-electron quantum cyclotron and the new measurement methods, a discussion of the cavity control of the radiation field, a summary of the analysis of the measurements, and a fuller discussion of the uncertainties

Bispectrum speckle interferometry observations and radiative transfer modelling of the red supergiant NML Cyg: Multiple dust-shell structures evidencing previous superwind phases

(abridged) NML Cyg is a highly evolved OH/IR supergiant and supposed to be among the most luminous supergiants in the galaxy. We present the first diffraction limited 2.13micron observations of NML Cyg with 73mas resolution. The speckle interferograms were obtained with the SAO 6m telescope, image reconstruction is based on the bispectrum speckle interferometry method. Radiative transfer calculations have been carried out to model the spectral energy distribution, our 2.13micron visibility function, and mid-infrared visibility functions. The observed dust shell properties do not appear to be in accordance with single-shell models but seem to require multiple components. Considering previous periods of enhanced mass-loss, various density enhancements in the dust shell were taken into account. An extensive grid of models was calculated for different locations and strenghts of such superwind regions in the dust shell. To match the observations from the optical to the sub-mm domain requires at least two superwind regions embedded in the shell. The best model includes a dust shell with a temperature of 1000K at its inner radius of 6.2Rstar, a close embedded superwind shell extending from 15.5Rstar to 21.7Rstar with amplitude 10 (factor of density enhancement), and a far-out density enhancement at 186Rstar with amplitude 5. The angular diameter of the inner dust-shell rim amounts to 105mas. Within the various parts of the dust shell, 1/r^2 density distributions could be maintained differing only in their amplitude A. The present-day mass-loss rate was determined to be 1.2 10^-4 Msol/yr. The inner embedded superwind shell corresponds to a phase of enhanced mass-loss which began ~59yr ago and lasted for ~18yr, and the outer superwind region to a high mass-loss period which terminated 529yr ago.Comment: 12 pages including 13 PostScript figures, also available from http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/div/ir-interferometry/publications.html; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic