885 research outputs found
Superconductor-insulator transition in nanowires and nanowire arrays
Superconducting nanowires are the dual elements to Josephson junctions, with
quantum phase-slip processes replacing the tunneling of Cooper pairs. When the
quantum phase-slip amplitude ES is much smaller than the inductive energy EL,
the nanowire responds as a superconducting inductor. When the inductive energy
is small, the response is capacitive. The crossover at low temperatures as a
function of ES/EL is discussed and compared with earlier experimental results.
For one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays of nanowires quantum phase
transitions are expected as a function of ES/EL. They can be tuned by a
homogeneous magnetic frustration.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure
Spectroscopy on two coupled flux qubits
We have performed spectroscopy measurements on two coupled flux qubits. The
qubits are coupled inductively, which results in a
interaction. By applying microwave radiation, we observe resonances due to
transitions from the ground state to the first two excited states. From the
position of these resonances as a function of the magnetic field applied we
observe the coupling of the qubits. The coupling strength agrees well with
calculations of the mutual inductance
The merger of vertically offset quasi-geostrophic vortices
We examine the critical merging distance between two equal-volume, equal-potential-vorticity quasi-geostrophic vortices. We focus on how this distance depends on the vertical offset between the two vortices, each having a unit mean height-to-width aspect ratio. The vertical direction is special in the quasi-geostrophic model (used to capture the leading-order dynamical features of stably stratified and rapidly rotating geophysical flows) since vertical advection is absent. Nevertheless vortex merger may still occur by horizontal advection. In this paper, we first investigate the equilibrium states for the two vortices as a function of their vertical and horizontal separation. We examine their basic properties together with their linear stability. These findings are next compared to numerical simulations of the nonlinear evolution of two spheres of potential vorticity. Three different regimes of interaction are identified, depending on the vertical offset. For a small offset, the interaction differs little from the case when the two vortices are horizontally aligned. On the other hand, when the vertical offset is comparable to the mean vortex radius, strong interaction occurs for greater horizontal gaps than in the horizontally aligned case, and therefore at significantly greater full separation distances. This perhaps surprising result is consistent with the linear stability analysis and appears to be a consequence of the anisotropy of the quasi-geostrophic equations. Finally, for large vertical offsets, vortex merger results in the formation of a metastable tilted dumbbell vortex.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Tuning the Gap of a Superconducting Flux Qubit
We experimentally demonstrate the in situ tunability of the minimum energy
splitting (gap) of a superconducting flux qubit by means of an additional flux
loop. Pulses applied via a local control line allow us to tune the gap over a
range of several GHz on a nanosecond timescale. The strong flux sensitivity of
the gap (up to 0.7 GHz/mPhi_0) opens up the possibility to create different
types of tunable couplings that are effective at the degeneracy point of the
qubit. We investigate the dependence of the relaxation time and the Rabi
frequency on the qubit gap.Comment: submitted to PRL, 4 pages, 5 figure
Interqubit coupling mediated by a high-excitation-energy quantum object
We consider a system composed of two qubits and a high-excitation-energy
quantum object used to mediate coupling between the qubits. We treat the entire
system quantum mechanically and analyze the properties of the eigenvalues and
eigenstates of the total Hamiltonian. After reproducing well-known results
concerning the leading term in the mediated coupling, we obtain an expression
for the residual coupling between the qubits in the off state. We also analyze
the entanglement between the three objects, i.e. the two qubits and the
coupler, in the eigenstates of the total Hamiltonian. Although we focus on the
application of our results to the recently realized parametric-coupling scheme
with two qubits, we also discuss extensions of our results to
harmonic-oscillator couplers, couplers that are near resonance with the qubits
and multi-qubit systems. In particular, we find that certain errors that are
absent for a two-qubit system arise when dealing with multi-qubit systems.Comment: 15 pages (two-column
Backpropagation training in adaptive quantum networks
We introduce a robust, error-tolerant adaptive training algorithm for
generalized learning paradigms in high-dimensional superposed quantum networks,
or \emph{adaptive quantum networks}. The formalized procedure applies standard
backpropagation training across a coherent ensemble of discrete topological
configurations of individual neural networks, each of which is formally merged
into appropriate linear superposition within a predefined, decoherence-free
subspace. Quantum parallelism facilitates simultaneous training and revision of
the system within this coherent state space, resulting in accelerated
convergence to a stable network attractor under consequent iteration of the
implemented backpropagation algorithm. Parallel evolution of linear superposed
networks incorporating backpropagation training provides quantitative,
numerical indications for optimization of both single-neuron activation
functions and optimal reconfiguration of whole-network quantum structure.Comment: Talk presented at "Quantum Structures - 2008", Gdansk, Polan
Error Rate of the Kane Quantum Computer CNOT Gate in the Presence of Dephasing
We study the error rate of CNOT operations in the Kane solid state quantum
computer architecture. A spin Hamiltonian is used to describe the system.
Dephasing is included as exponential decay of the off diagonal elements of the
system's density matrix. Using available spin echo decay data, the CNOT error
rate is estimated at approsimately 10^{-3}.Comment: New version includes substantial additional data and merges two old
figures into one. (12 pages, 6 figures
Phase transition in a chain of quantum vortices
We consider interacting vortices in a quasi-one-dimensional array of
Josephson junctions with small capacitance. If the charging energy of a
junction is of the order of the Josephson energy, the fluctuations of the
superconducting order parameter in the system are considerable, and the
vortices behave as quantum particles. Their density may be tuned by an external
magnetic field, and therefore one can control the commensurability of the
one-dimensional vortex lattice with the lattice of Josephson junctions. We show
that the interplay between the quantum nature of a vortex, and the long-range
interaction between the vortices leads to the existence of a specific
commensurate-incommensurate transition in a one-dimensional vortex lattice. In
the commensurate phase an elementary excitation is a soliton, with energy
separated from the ground state by a finite gap. This gap vanishes in the
incommensurate phase. Each soliton carries a fraction of a flux quantum; the
propagation of solitons leads to a finite resistance of the array. We find the
dependence of the resistance activation energy on the magnetic field and
parameters of the Josephson array. This energy consists of the above-mentioned
gap, and also of a boundary pinning term, which is different in the
commensurate and incommensurate phases. The developed theory allows us to
explain quantitatively the available experimental data.Comment: 14 pages, 7 eps figure
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