Standardization of Manikkadai Nool

Aim of the study is to standardize Manikkadai nool- a siddha diagnostic tool. • Due to lack of theoretical evidences, it becomes a quite difficult to standardize Manikkadai in a better way. But the author tried best to present most possible outcome regarding Manikkadai nool. • 100 patients were randomly selected from OPD with age group of 18 to 60 years at Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. • 4 threads were used to assess Manikkadai nool to analyze if there is any variation between threads. • Manikkadai viratkadai alavu were taken in both Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalngeal joints of palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand. • Like this a total of 96 measurements were taken in each participant, to standardize the Measuring side (Right and Left), Measuring surface (Palmar and Dorsal), Measuring joints (MCP and IP), Measuring thread of Manikkadai nool (Pattu, Twine, Swing and Panjavarna thread). • Along with Manikkadai, Other siddha diagnostic procedures such as Ennvagai thervu was also included to add strength to the study. • Based on the statistical analysis, Observation and results: • PANJAVARNA NOOL gives better results when compared to other threads used such as Pattu nool, Twine thread, Swing thread. • Measurements of Both PALMAR SURFACE and DORSAL SURFACE presents better results. • Measuring finger breadths in METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINTS gives better results than interphalangeal joint. • OPPOSITE SIDE MEASUREMENT i.e. measuring Manikkadai circumference and viratkadai (Finger breadth) of opposite side gives better results than the same side. CONCLUSION: On standardizing Manikkadai nool, Panjavarna nool, both Palmar surface & Dorsal surface and Metacarpophalangeal joint were considered as best when comparing it with symptoms proposed in siddha textual references. Besides that, other siddha parameters such as Naadi and Neikuri also helped in diagnosing a disease in a more efficient way. By this author concluded that siddha diagnostic tools can be also used confirmatory diagnostic tools when used in a proper and efficient way. So further studies should be needed to strengthen Siddha diagnostic parameters. The author encourage further studies on Manikkadai nool by taking this study as preliminary one because further studies will be needed prior to use these methods in clinical practice

A comprehensive insight towards Pre-processing Methodologies applied on GPS data

Reliability in the utilization of the Global Positioning System (GPS) data demands a higher degree of accuracy with respect to time and positional information required by the user. However, various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters disrupt the data transmission phenomenon from GPS satellite to GPS receiver which always questions the trustworthiness of such data. Therefore, this manuscript offers a comprehensive insight into the data preprocessing methodologies evolved and adopted by present-day researchers. The discussion is carried out with respect to standard methods of data cleaning as well as diversified existing research-based approaches. The review finds that irrespective of a good number of work carried out to address the problem of data cleaning, there are critical loopholes in almost all the existing studies. The paper extracts open end research problems as well as it also offers an evidential insight using use-cases where it is found that still there is a critical need to investigate data cleaning methods

An Analysis of Perception of Regional language (Tamil) Infographics among Physical Education Professionals

Tamil poets have created, named, categorized, summarized and preserved dialects based on dialects in order to preserve the language they speak. Before exploring the importance of numbers in language it is necessary to know the design of grammatical literature. It is possible that the Sanskrit poets called the text grammar of the words when they recorded the language, they created in the journals so that it would be known to the world, and the textual literature of the world empirical biographies based on his quote characters. The words created for measurements such as size and mass are the primary letters of the words and the reasons for giving a special place to measurements in Tamil are explained. In order to give Tamil a lofty place in the world languages ​​in are the numbers to indicate the of an action, the time of action, and the number of soldiers involved in the war. The conclusion of the study is outlined

Serum magnesium levels in acute myocardial infarction in relation to arrhythmias in patients admitted in Government Kilpauk Medical College & Hospital

BACKGROUND: Magnesium has a very important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction as well as its complications such as arrhythmias, CCF. Magnesium has a role in improving myocardial metabolism, in inhibiting calcium accumulation and prevention of myocardial cell death. It also has a role to maintain the vascular tone after loaded cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance and reduces cardiac arrhythmias and improving lipid metabolism. Magnesium also reduces damage caused by oxygen derived free radical, improves endothelial function and prevents platelet aggregation and adhesion. OBJECTIVE: To know the relationship between incidence of arrhythmia and serum magnesium levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction in KMC. METHODS: By using simple random methods 50 patients admitted in Cardiology Department of KMC with acute myocardial infarction was selected over a period of six months. RESULTS: Significant difference have been noted in the incidence of arrhythmia between hypomagnesemics and normomagnesemics people in myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Patients with low magnesium levels are prone to develop arrhythmias and risk factors like hypertension, diabetes increases the risk of arrhythmias in CAD patients

Studies on Slot Coupled Junction Radiator using S-Band Wave Guides

In all radar and communication applications antennas plays an important role, for transmitting and receiving purpose. For certain special applications, it is required to have specifications like polarization, impedance, VSWR and radiation pattern characteristics. In H-Plane Tee junctions, the Tee arm is commonly coupled to the main wave guide by a longitudinal slot. However, the coupling can be done by inclined slot in the narrow wall of main wave guide. This structure acts as a radiator to produce vertically polarized waves. The knowledge of admittance characteristics of this new coupling system provides additional design parameters for the array designer. In the present work, the analysis is made to obtain variation of conductance, susceptance, coupling and VSWR as a function of frequency after determining the resonant slot length of S- band H-plane Tee junction wave guide. The results are numerically obtained for varied slot width and slot inclinations. The concepts of self-reaction and discontinuity in modal currents of the main guide as well as Tee arm are used in the analysis. The data presented are extremely useful for the design of small and large arrays of S band H-Plane Tee junction radiators,useful for near and far range weather observation like National Weather Service (NWS)

Clinical and biochemical correlation of skeletal myopathy in hyopothyroid patients

Thyroid hormone deficiency is most commonly a primary disease of the thyroid (Primary Hypothyroidism) and less frequently caused by deficiency of TSH (Secondary Hypothyroidism). Loss of hypothalamic TRH (Tertiary Hypothyroidism) is rare. Hypothyroidism may present with various systemic manifestations including hypothyroid myopathy as a recognized feature. The frequency of myopathy in hypothyroidism ranges from 30 to 80%. It is characterized by muscle weakness, pain, muscle cramps and stiffness. The electrophysiological study reveals myopathy, neuropathy or mixed pattern. Laboratory investigation shows increased levels of muscle enzymes, CK, LDH, SGOT and low serum thyroid hormones, with thyrotrophic –stimulating hormone(TSH) being elevated. The treatment consists of hormone replacement and prognosis is good. The aim of the study is to confirm the involvement of muscles in hypothyroidism using biochemical markers of muscle damage such as serum Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Serum Glutamyl Oxaloacetate Tranferases (SGOT/AST) and also to correlate the activity of these muscle enzymes with fT3, fT4 and TSH levels. The significant elevation of serum CK, LDH, SGOT and positive EMG and Muscle biopsy indicate muscle involvement in hypothyroidism and that these enzymes can be used as parameters for screening of hypothyroid patients

Colposcopic evaluation with modified IFCPC 2011 nomenclature and Swede score for diagnosing premalignant lesions of cervix: a comparative study

Background: Cervical cancer has a long precancerous stage. The early diagnosis in preinvasive stage provides a golden opportunity for prompt intervention to prevent its catastrophic consequences. Through this study we intended to compare the diagnostic accuracy of modified IFCPC 2011 nomenclature and Swede score with respect to gold standard histopathology in colposcopic evaluation of premalignant cervical lesions. Methods: A comparative study was conducted at tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India between January 2021 to June 2022 on 50 women with abnormal Papanicolaou smear (ASCUS, LSIL, ASC-H, HSIL). Scoring of colposcopic lesions was done according to IFCPC nomenclature and Swede’s scoring system. The two colposcopic scores were compared and their statistical association with histological findings were analysed. The collected data was analysed using SPSS version 25. The association of the qualitative variables were analysed using Fischer’s exact test. Agreement was measured by Cohen kappa statistics. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of modified IFCPC 2011 nomenclature for predicting LSIL and HSIL were 87.50%, 58.82%, 50%, 90.91%, 68% and 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of swede score for predicting LSIL and HSIL were 87.50%, 41.18%, 41.18%, 87.50%, 56% and 100%, 77.27%, 37.50%, 100%, 80% respectively. Conclusions: Modified IFCPC 2011 nomenclature had better predictive value than swede score in diagnosing both low grade and high grade premalignant lesions of cervix

Analysis of suitable converter for the implementation of drive system in solar photovoltaic panels

Introduction. Photovoltaic (PV) systems gained immense attraction in the recent years since it produces electricity without causing environmental pollution through direct conversion of solar irradiance into electricity. Solar PV panels produce DC power. The magnitude of this DC power varies with temperature and irradiance of the sun rays. The DC supply from solar panels can be regulated using DC-DC converter and then can further be converted into the desired AC voltage by means of a voltage source inverter before being fed to an induction motor (IM). The speed and torque of an IM, fed from PV arrays, can vary due to the variation in the output power of the panels. Goal of this work is to improve the dynamic performance and reduce the torque ripple of Cuk converter-inverter fed IM drive system. The novelty of the current work proposes interleaved Cuk converter between solar PV DC source and the inverter. Purpose. To provide continuous current using an interleaved Cuk converter to the IM drive and in turn to reduce the torque ripple in IM. Methodology. Introduced an interleaved Cuk converter which is a blend of Cuk converters connected in parallel with each other between solar PV arrays and IM drive system. Originality. Simulation results are obtained for Cuk converter and interleaved Cuk converter fed IM drive by means of MATLAB. The hardware setup for the same IM systems is developed. Practical value. Simulation and hardware results are coincided with each other and it is subject from the simulation and hardware results that the interleaved Cuk converter-inverter fed IM system produced results superior than the Cuk converter inverter fed IM drive system.Вступ. Фотоелектричні (ФЕ) системи набули величезної привабливості в останні роки, оскільки вони виробляють електроенергію, не викликаючи забруднення навколишнього середовища, за рахунок прямого перетворення сонячного випромінювання на електрику. Сонячні ФЕ панелі виробляють енергію постійного струму. Значення цієї потужності постійного струму залежить від температури та освітленості сонячних променів. Подача постійного струму від сонячних панелей може регулюватися за допомогою DC-DC перетворювача, а потім може бути перетворена в бажану змінну напругу за допомогою інвертора джерела напруги перед подачею на асинхронний двигун. Швидкість та обертаючий момент асинхронного двигуна, що живиться від ФЕ батарей, можуть змінюватися через зміну вихідної потужності панелей. Метою даної роботи є покращення динамічних характеристик та зменшення пульсацій обертаючого моменту системи приводу асинхронного двигуна з живленням від Cuk перетворювача-інвертора. Новизна цієї роботи пропонує Cuk перетворювач, що чергується, між сонячним ФЕ джерелом постійного струму та інвертором. Мета. Забезпечення безперервності струму за допомогою Cuk перетворювача, що чергується, для приводу асинхронного двигуна і, у свою чергу, зменшення пульсації обертаючого моменту в асинхронному двигуні. Методологія. Представлений Cuk перетворювач, що чергується, який являє собою суміш Cuk перетворювачів, підключених паралельно один до одного між сонячними ФЕ батареями і системою приводу асинхронного двигуна. Оригінальність. Результати моделювання отримані для Cuk перетворювача і приводу асинхронного двигуна з живленням Cuk перетворювача, що чергується, за допомогою MATLAB. Розроблено апаратну частину цих же асинхронних двигунів. Практична цінність. Результати моделювання та апаратного забезпечення збігаються один з одним, і з результатів моделювання та апаратного забезпечення випливає, що система асинхронного двигуна з живленням від Cuk перетворювача-інвертора, що чергується, дає результати, які перевищують результати, ніж система приводу асинхронного двигуна з живленням від Cuk перетворювача

Aerosol and cloud feedbacks on surface energy balance over selected regions of the Indian subcontinent

We investigate aerosol and cloud forcing on the surface energy balance over selected regions in India. Four regions were selected with different surface characteristics and have considerable differences in the long-term trends and seasonal distribution of clouds and aerosols. These regions are described as (1) northern semiarid, (2) humid subtropical, (3) populated central peninsula, and (4) northeast monsoon impacted. Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data and Climate Forecast System Reanalysis version 2 (CFSR) data are used in this study. An intercomparison of cloud fractions from both data sets shows that CFSR systematically underestimates high-cloud fraction during premonsoon and monsoon seasons. However, there are fewer low-cloud fraction biases. The positive temporal trend over 31years (1979-2009) from MERRA in high clouds is greater than that of low clouds. This is due to positive anomalies in the cloud ice and supercooled liquid water content in MERRA. Biases in the radiative fluxes and surface fluxes show a strong relationship (correlations exceeding 0.8) with cloud fraction biases, more so for the high clouds. During the premonsoon season, aerosol forcing causes a change in surface shortwave radiation of -24.5, -25, -19, and -16Wm -2 over regions 1 -4, respectively. The corresponding longwave radiation decrease is -9.8, -6.8, -4.5, and -1.9Wm -2 over these same regions, respectively. The maximum surface shortwave reduction due to clouds, which is observed during the monsoon season, is -86, -113, -101, and -97Wm -2 for these same regions, respectively. A decreasing trend in the boundary layer height is noticed both in MERRA and CFSR. The variation in the Bowen ratio and its relation to aerosol and cloud effect anomalies are also discussed

Comparison of short-term outcomes following open and laparoscopic resections for colorectal malignancies

Background: The laparoscopic approach for colorectal cancers are still a matter of controversy. In the present study, we tried to compare the laparoscopy with open methods of colorectal resections.Methods: Retrospective study where patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in our hospital from year 2014 January to December 2016 were taken. Total number of cases were 69 of which, the total number of right colon cases were 26. Out of twenty-six, 12 underwent open procedure and 14 underwent laparoscopic resections. Total number of left colon cancers were 09. Of these, 2 underwent open and 7 underwent laparoscopic procedure. Thirty-four (34) rectal cancers were included in the study. Of these, 12 underwent open rectal procedures and 22 underwent laparoscopic resections. Multiple parameters like duration of surgery, post-operative complications, postoperative stay, pathological T staging, lymph node yield, positive nodes, distal resection margins, circumferential radial margins were compared.Results: Operating time was significantly shorter in open procedure than laparoscopic surgery in both rectal resection and right hemicolectomies. The postoperative stay was significantly shorter in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy compared to open procedure. All other parameters like post-operative complications, T stage, lymph node yield, positive nodes, distal resection margins and CRMs were comparable in both groups. The lymph node yield was similar in upfront and post neoadjuvant carcinoma rectum cases.Conclusions: Laparoscopic colorectal resections have similar rates of complication, with shorter hospital stays with no compromise on oncological clearance with respect to lymph node yield, CRMs, distal resection margins compared to open procedures