Pattern of antimicrobial consumption in a University Hospital between 2000 and 2006

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever quantitativamente o padrão de consumo de antimicrobianos em um Hospital Universitário no período de 2000 a 2006. A metodologia usada seguiu o modelo de estudo descritivo, com coleta de dados retrospectiva, sendo os resultados expressos em Dose Diária Definida/ 100 leitos/dia. A análise das tendências de variação no consumo dos antimicrobianos foi realizada por regressão linear simples. Os resultados mostraram um aumento de 50% no consumo global dos antimicrobianos, passando de 64,3 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia, em 2000, para 96,8 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia, em 2006, correspondendo a uma média de 70,58 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia no período. Os antimicrobianos mais consumidos corresponderam à classe das penicilinas (30,8%), seguidas por cefalosporinas (25,5%) e quinolonas (11,3%). A análise por regressão linear mostrou um grupo de 12 fármacos com tendência a aumento no uso, e um outro grupo de 12 agentes com tendência à redução de uso.The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the pattern of use of antimicrobials in a University Hospital between 2000 and 2006. The methodology used for the research followed a descriptive study model, with retrospective data collection where results were expressed in Defined Daily Dose/100 bed-day. The analysis in trend variation in the use of antimicrobials was done through a simple linear regression. Results showed a 50% increase in the general use of antimicrobials, from 64.3 Defined Daily Dose/ 100 bed-day in 2000 to 96.8 Defined Daily Dose /100 bed-day in 2006, corresponding to an average of 70.58 Defined Daily Dose /100 bed-day during the period. The most used types of antimicrobials belonged to the penicillin class (30.8%), followed by cephalosporins (25.5%) and quinolones (11.3%).The linear regression analysis indicated a group of 12 drugs for which there was a tendency to increased use and another group of 12 agents where there was tendency to decreased use.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Pattern of antimicrobial consumption in a University Hospital between 2000 and 2006

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever quantitativamente o padrão de consumo de antimicrobianos em um Hospital Universitário no período de 2000 a 2006. A metodologia usada seguiu o modelo de estudo descritivo, com coleta de dados retrospectiva, sendo os resultados expressos em Dose Diária Definida/ 100 leitos/dia. A análise das tendências de variação no consumo dos antimicrobianos foi realizada por regressão linear simples. Os resultados mostraram um aumento de 50% no consumo global dos antimicrobianos, passando de 64,3 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia, em 2000, para 96,8 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia, em 2006, correspondendo a uma média de 70,58 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia no período. Os antimicrobianos mais consumidos corresponderam à classe das penicilinas (30,8%), seguidas por cefalosporinas (25,5%) e quinolonas (11,3%). A análise por regressão linear mostrou um grupo de 12 fármacos com tendência a aumento no uso, e um outro grupo de 12 agentes com tendência à redução de uso.The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the pattern of use of antimicrobials in a University Hospital between 2000 and 2006. The methodology used for the research followed a descriptive study model, with retrospective data collection where results were expressed in Defined Daily Dose/100 bed-day. The analysis in trend variation in the use of antimicrobials was done through a simple linear regression. Results showed a 50% increase in the general use of antimicrobials, from 64.3 Defined Daily Dose/ 100 bed-day in 2000 to 96.8 Defined Daily Dose /100 bed-day in 2006, corresponding to an average of 70.58 Defined Daily Dose /100 bed-day during the period. The most used types of antimicrobials belonged to the penicillin class (30.8%), followed by cephalosporins (25.5%) and quinolones (11.3%).The linear regression analysis indicated a group of 12 drugs for which there was a tendency to increased use and another group of 12 agents where there was tendency to decreased use.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Pattern of antimicrobial consumption in a University Hospital between 2000 and 2006

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever quantitativamente o padrão de consumo de antimicrobianos em um Hospital Universitário no período de 2000 a 2006. A metodologia usada seguiu o modelo de estudo descritivo, com coleta de dados retrospectiva, sendo os resultados expressos em Dose Diária Definida/ 100 leitos/dia. A análise das tendências de variação no consumo dos antimicrobianos foi realizada por regressão linear simples. Os resultados mostraram um aumento de 50% no consumo global dos antimicrobianos, passando de 64,3 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia, em 2000, para 96,8 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia, em 2006, correspondendo a uma média de 70,58 Dose Diária Definida/100 leitos/dia no período. Os antimicrobianos mais consumidos corresponderam à classe das penicilinas (30,8%), seguidas por cefalosporinas (25,5%) e quinolonas (11,3%). A análise por regressão linear mostrou um grupo de 12 fármacos com tendência a aumento no uso, e um outro grupo de 12 agentes com tendência à redução de uso.The objective of this study was to quantitatively describe the pattern of use of antimicrobials in a University Hospital between 2000 and 2006. The methodology used for the research followed a descriptive study model, with retrospective data collection where results were expressed in Defined Daily Dose/100 bed-day. The analysis in trend variation in the use of antimicrobials was done through a simple linear regression. Results showed a 50% increase in the general use of antimicrobials, from 64.3 Defined Daily Dose/ 100 bed-day in 2000 to 96.8 Defined Daily Dose /100 bed-day in 2006, corresponding to an average of 70.58 Defined Daily Dose /100 bed-day during the period. The most used types of antimicrobials belonged to the penicillin class (30.8%), followed by cephalosporins (25.5%) and quinolones (11.3%).The linear regression analysis indicated a group of 12 drugs for which there was a tendency to increased use and another group of 12 agents where there was tendency to decreased use.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Do Smart Parents Raise Smart Children? The Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive Abilities

Complementing prior research on income mobility and educational transmission, we provide evidence on the intergenerational transmission of cognitive abilities using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study. Our estimates suggest that individuals' cognitive skills are positively related to the abilities of their parents, even when educational attainment and family background is controlled for. We differentiate between mothers' and fathers' IQ transmission and find different effects on the cognition of sons and daughters. We show that cognitive skills which are based on past learning are more strongly transmitted from parents to children than cognitive skills which are related to innate abilities. Our findings are not compatible with a pure genetic model, but rather point to the importance of parental investments for the cognitive outcomes of children

Development of a Fluid Structures Interaction Test Technique for Fabrics

Application of fluid structures interaction (FSI) computational techniques to configurations of interest to the entry, descent and landing (EDL) community is limited by two factors - limited characterization of the material properties for fabrics of interest and insufficient experimental data to validate the FSI codes. Recently ILC Dover Inc. performed standard tests to characterize the static stress-strain response of four candidate fabrics for use in EDL applications. The objective of the tests described here is to address the need for a FSI dataset for CFD validation purposes. To reach this objective, the structural response of fabrics was measured in a very simple aerodynamic environment with well controlled boundary conditions. Two test series were undertaken. The first series covered a range of tunnel conditions and the second focused on conditions that resulted in fabric panel buckling

Parental Risk Attitudes and Children's Secondary School Track Choice

It is well known that individuals' risk attitudes are related to behavioral outcomes such as smoking, portfolio decisions, and also educational attainment, but there is barely any evidence on whether parental risk attitudes affect the educational attainment of dependent children. We add to this literature and examine children's secondary school track choice in Germany where tracking occurs at age ten and has a strong binding character. Our results indicate no consistent patterns for paternal risk preferences but a strong negative impact of maternal risk aversion on children's enrollment in upper secondary school

Economic Systems and Risk Preferences: Evidence from East and West Germany

For standard economic models it is typically assumed that preferences are given and stable. But do economic systems shape individuals' risk preferences? Using the reunification of East and West Germany as a natural experiment I evaluate differences in financial risk taking comparing Eastern and Western German households for almost two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Controlling for a large set of socio-economic variables East Germans having been ``treated'' by a command economy were more prone to taking financial risk than West German citizens. The differences were quantitatively relevant after the fall of the Iron Curtain and almost vanished by 2008

The Returns to Cognitive Abilities and Personality Traits in Germany

We provide the first joint evidence on the relationship between individuals' cognitive abilities, their personality and earnings for Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study, we employ scores from an ultra-short IQ-test and a set of measures of personality traits, namely locus of control, reciprocity and all basic items from the Five Factor Personality Inventory. Our estimates suggest a positive effect of so-called fluid intelligence or speed of cognition on males' wages only. Findings for personality traits are more heterogeneous. There however is a robust wage penalty for an external locus of control for both men and women