Characteristics of events with metric-to-decahectometric type II radio bursts associated with CMEs and flares in relation to SEP events

A gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) event is thought to happen when particles are accelerated at a shock due to a fast coronal mass ejection (CME). To quantify what kind of solar eruptions can result in such SEP events, we have conducted detailed investigations on the characteristics of CMEs, solar flares and m-to-DH wavelength type II radio bursts (herein after m-to-DH type II bursts) for SEP-associated and non-SEP-associated events, observed during the period of 1997-2012. Interestingly, 65% of m-to-DH type II bursts associated with CMEs and flares produced SEP events. The SEP-associated CMEs have higher sky-plane mean speed, projection corrected speed, and sky-plane peak speed than those of non-SEP-associated CMEs respectively by 30%, 39%, and 25%, even though the two sets of CMEs achieved their sky-plane peak speeds at nearly similar heights within LASCO field of view. We found Pearson's correlation coefficients between the speeds of CMEs speeds and logarithmic peak intensity of SEP events are cc = 0.62 and cc = 0.58, respectively. We also found that the SEP-associated CMEs are on average of three times more decelerated (-21.52 m/s2) than the non-SEP-associated CMEs (-5.63 m/s2). The SEP-associated m type II bursts have higher frequency drift rate and associated shock speed than those of the non-SEP-associated events by 70% and 25% respectively. The average formation heights of m and DH type II radio bursts for SEP-associated events are lower than for non-SEP-associated events. 93% of SEP-associated events originate from the western hemisphere and 65% of SEP-associated events are associated with interacting CMEs. The obtained results indicate that, at least for the set of CMEs associated with m-to-DH type II bursts, SEP-associated CMEs are more energetic than those not associated with SEPs, thus suggesting that they are effective particle accelerators.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication by ApS

Studi Karakteristik Volume Tabung Udara Dan Beban Katup Limbah Terhadap Efisiensi Pompa Hydraulic Ram

A community that live far away from electricity power source has a problem in moving water from low to a higher location. One option for solving this problem is using hydraulic ram whose energy is the pressure that resulted from water hammer of water that flows into the pump through pipes. In this paper, a study on the effects of air-tube volume and disposal valve weight to the pump efficiency will be conducted and further the optimal setting for those factors that will gain the best efficiency will be determined.. After the experiments and analysis of variance and also response surface regression, resulting that both factors, air-tube volume and disposal valve weight, influence the efficiency as well as interaction between them. The optimal setting for best efficiecy is at 1300 ml tube volume and 400 gram weight to get efficiency of 42.9209%

Destruction of long-range antiferromagnetic order by hole doping

We study the renormalization of the staggered magnetization of a two-dimensional antiferromagnet as a function of hole doping, in the framework of the t-J model. It is shown that the motion of holes generates decay of spin waves into ''particle-hole'' pairs, which causes the destruction of the long-range magnetic order at a small hole concentration. This effect is mainly determined by the coherent motion of holes. The value obtained for the critical hole concentration, of a few percent, is consistent with experimental data for the doped copper oxide high-Tc superconductors.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Multi density DBSCAN

Clustering algorithms are attractive for the task of class identification in spatial databases. However, the application to large spatial databases rises the following requirements for clustering algorithms: minimal requirements of domain knowledge to determine the input parameters, discovery of clusters with arbitrary shape and good efficiency on large databases.DBSCAN clustering algorithm relying on a density-based notion of clusters which is designed to discover clusters of arbitrary shape. DBSCAN requires only one input parameter and supports the user in determining an appropriate value for it. DBSCAN cannot find clusters based on difference in densities. We extend the DBSCAN algorithm so that it can also detect clusters that differ in densities and without the need to input the value of Eps because our algorithm can find the appropriate value for each cluster individually by replacing Eps by Local

FFT-LB modeling of thermal liquid-vapor systems

We further develop a thermal LB model for multiphase flows. In the improved model, we propose to use the FFT scheme to calculate both the convection term and external force term. The usage of FFT scheme is detailed and analyzed. By using the FFT algorithm spatiotemporal discretization errors are decreased dramatically and the conservation of total energy is much better preserved. A direct consequence of the improvement is that the unphysical spurious velocities at the interfacial regions can be damped to neglectable scale. Together with the better conservation of total energy, the more accurate flow velocities lead to the more accurate temperature field which determines the dynamical and final states of the system. With the new model, the phase diagram of the liquid-vapor system obtained from simulation is more consistent with that from theoretical calculation. Very sharp interfaces can be achieved. The accuracy of simulation results are also verified by the Laplace law. The FFT scheme can be easily applied to other models for multiphase flows.Comment: 34 pages, 21 figure

Simulation for Scanning Electron Microscopy

Simulations of images of surface steps obtained by high energy reflection electron microscopy are presented. It is shown that double images of simple steps, with no associated strain field, may occur when surface resonance conditions are established. Accurate calculation of image intensity requires large calculations and care is needed in relating the computed wave functions to those occurring for a semi-infinite incident wave. Estimates of the time to compute accurate wavefunctions are given and it is shown that they are reasonable for modem fast computers