Narrow Band Interference Elimination based on Compressed Sensing in UWB Energy Detector

Wireless communication applications with large signal bandwidth are developed tremendously in recent times. Due to large bandwidth the wide band communication causes huge power consumption and signal deterioration after addition of narrow band interference (NBI). The ultra wide band (UWB) energy detector, which is highly robust against NBI signal is presented. Compressed sensing is implemented to reduce the power consumption at the analog to digital converter with approximated message passing reconstruction. In addition to this, digital notch is employed to eliminate the NBI affected measurements from compressed version of the received signal before applying it to the energy detector. To analyze the efficiency of the detector, the energy detection and bit error probability of the detector in the absence of NBI and after mitigating NBI is compared. The simulation results are the evidence of effectiveness of the presented energy detector.

Generation of microsatellite repeat families by RTE retrotransposons in lepidopteran genomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Developing lepidopteran microsatellite DNA markers can be problematical, as markers often exhibit multiple banding patterns and high frequencies of non-amplifying "null" alleles. Previous studies identified sequences flanking simple sequence repeat (SSR) units that are shared among many lepidopteran species and can be grouped into microsatellite-associated DNA families. These families are thought to be associated with unequal crossing-over during DNA recombination or with transposable elements (TEs).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified full-length lepidopteran non-LTR retrotransposable elements of the RTE clade in <it>Heliconius melpomene </it>and <it>Bombyx mori</it>. These retroelements possess a single open reading frame encoding the Exonuclease/Endonuclease/Phosphatase and the Reverse Transcriptase/nLTR domains, a 5' UTR (untranslated region), and an extremely short 3' UTR that regularly consists of SSR units. Phylogenetic analysis supported previous suggestions of horizontal transfer among unrelated groups of organisms, but the diversity of lepidopteran RTE elements appears due to ancient divergence of ancestral elements rather than introgression by horizontal transfer. Similarity searches of lepidopteran genomic sequences in GenBank identified partial RTE elements, usually consisting of the 3' terminal region, in 29 species. Furthermore, we identified the C-terminal end of the Reverse Transcriptase/nLTR domain and the associated 3' UTR in over 190 microsatellite markers from 22 lepidopteran species, accounting for 10% of the lepidopteran microsatellites in GenBank. Occasional retrotransposition of autonomous elements, frequent retrotransposition of 3' partial elements, and DNA replication slippage during retrotransposition offers a mechanistic explanation for the association of SSRs with RTE elements in lepidopteran genomes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Non-LTR retrotransposable elements of the RTE clade therefore join a diverse group of TEs as progenitors of SSR units in various organisms. When microsatellites are isolated using standard SSR enrichment protocols and primers designed at complementary repeated regions, amplification from multiple genomic sites can cause scoring difficulties that compromise their utility as markers. Screening against RTE elements in the isolation procedure provides one strategy for minimizing this problem.</p

Evaluation of ultrasound guided verses nerve stimulator technique of interscalene brachial plexus block: insights from Indian multi-super specialty hospital

Background: To provide adequate intraoperative anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia for orthopaedic surgery continues to be a procedural challenge. The administration of brachial plexus anaesthesia can be facilitated through nerve stimulation or by ultrasound guidance. Hence study was conducted to compare differences in these techniques in patients undergoing interscalene brachial plexus block (ISSB).Methods: In this prospective, randomized, observer-blinded study, 60 patients (Male=41, Female=19) were scheduled for orthopaedic shoulder and upper arm surgeries matching inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomly allocated to either Ultrasound (US, n=30) group or Nerve Stimulator (NS, n=30) group through a computer-generated randomization.Results: There was significant difference between US and NS group with respect to average number of attempts taken, block performance time (BPT), onset of sensory and motor block, duration of motor block and patient satisfaction score. Whereas not much significant difference was observed in duration of sensory block, block success rate and incidence of post operative side effects.Conclusions: The results suggest that US guided ISBB is significantly superior to NS guided block in terms of faster onset of action; lower number of attempts to locate Interscalene brachial plexus; longer duration of block and overall success rate with favourable tolerability at real-life scenario

Mapping the substrate landscape of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit PPP2CA

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an essential Ser/Thr phosphatase. The PP2A holoenzyme complex comprises a scaffolding (A), regulatory (B), and catalytic (C) subunit, with PPP2CA being the principal catalytic subunit. The full scope of PP2A substrates in cells remains to be defined. To address this, we employed dTAG proteolysis-targeting chimeras to efficiently and selectively degrade dTAG-PPP2CA in homozygous knock-in HEK293 cells. Unbiased global phospho-proteomics identified 2,204 proteins with significantly increased phosphorylation upon dTAG-PPP2CA degradation, implicating them as potential PPP2CA substrates. A vast majority of these are novel. Bioinformatic analyses revealed involvement of the potential PPP2CA substrates in spliceosome function, cell cycle, RNA transport, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. We identify a pSP/pTP motif as a predominant target for PPP2CA and confirm some of our phospho-proteomic data with immunoblotting. We provide an in-depth atlas of potential PPP2CA substrates and establish targeted degradation as a robust tool to unveil phosphatase substrates in cells.</p

Mapping the substrate landscape of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit PPP2CA

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an essential Ser/Thr phosphatase. The PP2A holoenzyme complex comprises a scaffolding (A), regulatory (B), and catalytic (C) subunit, with PPP2CA being the principal catalytic subunit. The full scope of PP2A substrates in cells remains to be defined. To address this, we employed dTAG proteolysis-targeting chimeras to efficiently and selectively degrade dTAG-PPP2CA in homozygous knock-in HEK293 cells. Unbiased global phospho-proteomics identified 2,204 proteins with significantly increased phosphorylation upon dTAG-PPP2CA degradation, implicating them as potential PPP2CA substrates. A vast majority of these are novel. Bioinformatic analyses revealed involvement of the potential PPP2CA substrates in spliceosome function, cell cycle, RNA transport, and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. We identify a pSP/pTP motif as a predominant target for PPP2CA and confirm some of our phospho-proteomic data with immunoblotting. We provide an in-depth atlas of potential PPP2CA substrates and establish targeted degradation as a robust tool to unveil phosphatase substrates in cells.</p

Synthesis and Biological Assessment of Carbazole Linked Pyrazole Schiff bases and Diarylthiourea Derivatives

In this study, (E)-9-ethyl-N-((1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylmethylene)-9H-carbazol-3-amine (3a–f) and 1-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-6-yl)-3-phenylthiourea (5a–f) derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antimicrobial and antimalarial activities were evaluated. The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated and confirmed by using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Zero Budget Natural Farming - An empirical analysis

Lately, there have been discussions around natural farming. This was reinforced when India's Finance Minister during the budget session in July 2019 responded to farmers' distress, thus: “we shall go back to basics on one count : zero-budget farming . It is not a new thing. We need to replicate this innovative model”. Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) with no external inputs of any sort, including finance, has been advocated for decades by Padma Shri awardee Subhash Palekar. The Government of Andhra Pradesh piloted it in select blocks of 13 districts since 2015-16, where rice is the staple food and it occupies 30% of the cropped area. Under ZBNF, Ghanamrutham and Jeevamrutham (liquid) are the two primary natural inputs that are considered substitutes for chemical fertilizers. Around 1.6 lakh farmers were practicing it by the end of 2018, and the government aims to bring about five lakh farmers under it by 2024. An estimated 15,000 crore is what it will take to scale it up to the entire state in the next few years. In this context, a study was conducted to assess whether the practice has reduced the cost of production and doubled farmer incomes. ZBNF was found to have partially improved soil health compared to lands of non-adopters possibly due to building the heterotrophic microbial communities and flora quickly. Many studies proved that the capacity to improve the soil microbes in N fixation and P solubalization was improved with the application of organic manures with cow urine. The ability to produce chemical-free food and reduce fertilizer and pesticide cost was cited by the farmers as the primary reason for the adoption of ZBNF. However, though there is acceptance of the technology, advocacy is possible only if the farmer's net returns and impact on the price paid by the consumer are well documented

PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES APPLICATIONS OF LIPOSOMES IN MEDICINE-A REVIEW

ABSTRACT Liposomes are structurally and functionally some of the most versatile supramolecular assemblies in existence. Since the beginning of active research on lipid vesicles in 1965, the field has progressed enormously and applications are well established in several areas, such as drug and gene delivery. The medical application of liposomes loaded with small molecular weight drugs is discussed and the use of sterically stabilized liposomes containing doxorubicin in cancer therapy is presented. The review also shows that liposomes have a lot of biomedical applications and uses. They have been used in drug targeting, oral delivery of vaccines, insulins, peptides and some compounds, which are usually degraded in the gastrointestinal tract. It has also found application in topical therapy especially in the eye and lungs. Other areas of application are in cancer chemotherapy and treatment of human immunovirus (HIV) infection. The control of the stability of liposomes is an essential prerequisite for effective use as drug carriers. Liposome immunoassays, for example, benefit greatly from the amplification provided by encapsulated markers, and nanotube-interconnected liposome networks have emerged as ultra small-scale analytical devices. This review provides information about new developments in some of the most actively researched liposome-related topics

Immunocytochemistry of the C-terminal peptide of propressophysin (CPP): Relationship to vasopressin, oxytocin and neurophysin

Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and its associated neurophysin (AVP-NP) are synthesized via a precursor, propressophysin, which also contains a 39 amino acid glycopeptide at its C-terminus (C-terminus of propressophysin, or CPP). In the present study, immunocytochemical techniques were used to determine the cellular co-localization of CPP with AVP, oxytocin (OXY), AVP-NP and OXY-NP in the rat hypothalamus using colchicine pre-treatment and serial 5 [mu]m section analysis. Extensive cross-competition studies of antisera raised against each peptide with the various antigens yielded no significant crossreactivity of the CPP, AVP, OXY and NP antisera. The NP antiserum, although directed against both AVP-NP and OXY-NP, demonstrated a preference for OXY-NP at a dilution of 1:20,000. CPP and AVP were always co-localized within the same magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic, paraventricular and circularis nuclei, and further showed very similar patterning in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as well. In conrast, no cellular overlap could be detected between CPP and OXY, in any of the above nuclei (the suprachiasmatic nucleus is devoid of OXY). Likewise, no examples of co-localization of CPP and OXY-NP were found in the magnocellular nuclei. These results are in strong agreement with a biosynthetic relationship between CPP, AVP and AVP-NP, and their separateness from the OXY and OXY-NP precursor.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25176/1/0000615.pd