Mean ergodicity and spectrum of the Cesàro operator on weighted c0 spaces

[EN] A detailed investigation is made of the continuity, the compactness and the spectrum of the Cesàro operator C acting on the weighted Banach sequence space c0(w) for a bounded, strictly positive weight w. New features arise in the weighted setting (e.g. existence of eigenvalues, compactness, mean ergodicity) which are not present in the classical setting of c0.The research of the first two authors was partially supported by the Projects MTM2013-43540-P, GVA Prometeo II/2013/013 and ACOMP/2015/186 (Spain).Albanese, AA.; Bonet Solves, JA.; Ricker, WJ. (2016). Mean ergodicity and spectrum of the Cesàro operator on weighted c0 spaces. Positivity. 20:761-803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11117-015-0385-xS76180320Akhmedov, A.M., Başar, F.: On the fine spectrum of the Cesàro operator in $$c_0$$ c 0 . Math. J. Ibaraki Univ. 36, 25–32 (2004)Akhmedov, A.M., Başar, F.: The fine spectrum of the Cesàro operator $$C_1$$ C 1 over the sequence space $$bv_p, (1 \le p < \infty )$$ b v p , ( 1 ≤ p < ∞ ) . Math. J. Okayama Univ. 50, 135–147 (2008)Albanese, A.A., Bonet, J., Ricker, W.J.: Convergence of arithmetic means of operators in Fréchet spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 401, 160–173 (2013)Albanese, A.A., Bonet, J., Ricker, W.J.: Spectrum and compactness of the Cesàro operator on weighted $$\ell _p$$ ℓ p spaces. J. Aust. Math. Soc. 99, 287–314 (2015)Albanese, A.A., Bonet, J., Ricker, W.J.: The Cesàro operator in the Fréchet spaces $$\ell ^{p+}$$ ℓ p + and $$L ^{p-}$$ L p - . Glasg. Math. J (to appear)Ansari, S.I., Bourdon, P.S.: Some properties of cyclic operators. Acta Sci. Math. Szeged 63, 195–207 (1997)Brown, A., Halmos, P.R., Shields, A.L.: Cesàro operators. Acta Sci. Math. Szeged 26, 125–137 (1965)Curbera, G.P., Ricker, W.J.: Spectrum of the Cesàro operator in $$\ell ^p$$ ℓ p . Arch. Math. 100, 267–271 (2013)Curbera, G.P., Ricker, W.J.: Solid extensions of the Cesàro operator on $$\ell ^p$$ ℓ p and $$c_0$$ c 0 . Integr. Equ. Oper. Theory 80, 61–77 (2014)Curbera, G.P., Ricker, W.J.: The Cesàro operator and unconditional Taylor series in Hardy spaces. Integr. Equ. Oper. Theory 83, 179–195 (2015)Diestel, J.: Sequences and Series in Banach Spaces. Springer, New York (1984)Dowson, H.R.: Spectral Theory of Linear Operators. Academic Press, London (1978)Dunford, N., Schwartz, J.T.: Linear Operators I: General Theory, 2nd Printing. Wiley Interscience Publ, New York (1964)Emilion, R.: Mean-bounded operators and mean ergodic theorems. J. Funct. Anal. 61, 1–14 (1985)Goldberg, S.: Unbounded Linear Operators: Theory and Applications. Dover Publ, New York (1985)Hille, E.: Remarks on ergodic theorems. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 57, 246–269 (1945)Jarchow, H.: Locally Convex Spaces. Teubner, Stuttgart (1981)Krengel, U.: Ergodic Theorems. de Gruyter, Berlin (1985)Leibowitz, G.: Spectra of discrete Cesàro operators. Tamkang J. Math. 3, 123–132 (1972)Lin, M.: On the uniform ergodic theorem. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 43, 337–340 (1974)Megginson, R.E.: An Introduction to Banach Space Theory. Springer, New York (1998)Mureşan, M.: A Concrete Approach to Classical Analysis. Springer, Berlin (2008)Okutoyi, J.I.: On the spectrum of $$C_1$$ C 1 as an operator on $$bv_0$$ b v 0 . J. Aust. Math. Soc. Ser. A 48, 79–86 (1990)Radjavi, H., Tam, P.-W., Tan, K.-K.: Mean ergodicity for compact operators. Studia Math. 158, 207–217 (2003)Reade, J.B.: On the spectrum of the Cesàro operator. Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 17, 263–267 (1985)Rhoades, B.E., Yildirim, M.: The spectra and fine spectra of factorable matrices on $$c_0$$ c 0 . Math. Commun. 16, 265–270 (2011)Taylor, A.E.: Introduction to Functional Analysis. Wiley, New York (1958

The prognostic significance of allelic imbalance at key chromosomal loci in oral cancer

Forty-eight primary oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were screened for allelic imbalance (AI) at 3p24–26, 3p21, 3p13, 8p21–23, 9p21, 9q22 and within the Rb, p53 and DCC tumour suppressor genes. AI was detected at all TNM stages with stage 4 tumours showing significantly more aberrations than stage 1–3. A factional allelic loss (FAL) score was calculated for all tumours and a high score was associated with development of local recurrence (P = 0.033) and reduced survival (P = 0.0006). AI at one or more loci within the 3p24–26, 3p21, 3p13 and 9p21 regions or within the THRB and DCC genes was associated with reduced survival. The hazard ratios for survival analysis revealed that patients with AI at 3p24–26, 3p13 and 9p21 have an approximately 25 times increase in their mortality rate relative to a patient retaining heterozygosity at these loci. AI at specific pairs of loci, D3S686 and D9S171 and involving at least two of D3S1296, DCC and D9S43, was a better predictor of prognosis than the FAL score or TNM stage. These data suggest that it will be possible to develop a molecular staging system which will be a better predict of outcome than conventional clinicopathological features as the molecular events represent fundamental biological characteristics of each tumour. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Genetic alterations involved in the initiation and progression of oral cancer

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