РОЗБЛОКУВАННЯ ЛАТЕНТНИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ І ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ЇХ З «ОПОРІВ» В «РУШІЙНІ СИЛИ» ПРОГРАМ РОЗВИТКУ

The article deals with conflict management development programs. The problem lies in slowdown of programs by existing latent conflicts. The purpose of this article is the methods of detection formulation, unlocking latent conflict transformation from the «resistance» into the «driving force» of development programs. Conflicts have been represented as destroyers of management team assets. The conflicts that arise in development programs have been considered, their classification has been expanded. Scientific novelty consists in the method of unlocking latent conflicts in which occurs the transformation of conflicts with the “resistance” in the “driving forces” of development programs. The diagram of the methods implementation algorithm has been drawn.Тема роботи пов’язана з управлінням конфліктами в програмах розвитку. Проблема полягає у гальмуванні програм розвитку наявними латентними конфліктами. Метою даної статті є формулювання методики виявлення, розблокування і трансформації латентних конфліктів з «опорів» в «рушійні сили» програм розвитку. Конфлікти представлені як руйнівники активів команди управління. Розглянуто конфлікти, що виникають в програмах розвитку, розширена їх класифікація. Наукова новизна полягає у представленій методиці розблокування латентних конфліктів, в рамках якої відбувається перетворення конфліктів з «опорів» у «рушійні сили» програм розвитку. Надана схема алгоритму реалізації методики

FTO influences adipogenesis by regulating mitotic clonal expansion

The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene plays a pivotal role in regulating body weight and fat mass; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we show that primary adipocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from FTO overexpression (FTO-4) mice exhibit increased potential for adipogenic differentiation, while MEFs derived from FTO knockout (FTO-KO) mice show reduced adipogenesis. As predicted from these findings, fat pads from FTO-4 mice fed a high-fat diet show more numerous adipocytes. FTO influences adipogenesis by regulating events early in adipogenesis, during the process of mitotic clonal expansion. The effect of FTO on adipogenesis appears to be mediated via enhanced expression of the pro-adipogenic short isoform of RUNX1T1, which enhanced adipocyte proliferation, and is increased in FTO-4 MEFs and reduced in FTO-KO MEFs. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insight into how upregulation of FTO leads to obesity

FTO, Type 2 Diabetes, and Weight Gain Throughout Adult Life: A Meta-Analysis of 41,504 Subjects From the Scandinavian HUNT, MDC, and MPP Studies

OBJECTIVE—FTO is the most important polygene identified for obesity. We aimed to investigate whether a variant in FTO affects type 2 diabetes risk entirely through its effect on BMI and how FTO influences BMI across adult life span. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Through regression models, we assessed the relationship between the FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms rs9939609, type 2 diabetes, and BMI across life span in subjects from the Norwegian population-based HUNT study using cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. For replication and meta-analysis, we used data from the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) and Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) cohorts, comprising a total sample of 41,504 Scandinavians.RESULTS—The meta-analysis revealed a highly significant association for rs9939609 with both type 2 diabetes (OR 1.13; P = 4.5 3 1028) and the risk to develop incident type 2 diabetes (OR 1.16; P = 3.2 3 1028). The associations remained also after correction for BMI and other anthropometric measures. Furthermore, we confirmed the strong effect on BMI (0.28 kg/m2 per risk allele; P = 2.0 3 10226), with no heterogeneity between different age-groups. We found no differences in change of BMI over time according to rs9939609 risk alleles, neither overall (ΔBMI = 0.0[20.05, 0.05]) nor in any individual age stratum, indicating no further weight gain attributable to FTO genotype in adults. CONCLUSIONS—We have identified that a variant in FTO alters type 2 diabetes risk partly independent of its observed effect on BMI. The additional weight gain as a result of the FTO risk variant seems to occur before adulthood, and the BMI difference remains stable thereafter

The Obesity-Associated Polymorphisms FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 and Endometrial Cancer Risk in Non-Hispanic White Women

Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with endometrial cancer. Several independent genome-wide association studies recently identified two common polymorphisms, FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313, that are linked to increased body weight and obesity. We examined the association of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 with endometrial cancer risk in a pooled analysis of nine case-control studies within the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). This analysis included 3601 non-Hispanic white women with histologically-confirmed endometrial carcinoma and 5275 frequency-matched controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to assess the relation of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 genotypes to the risk of endometrial cancer. Among control women, both the FTO rs9939609 A and MC4R rs17782313 C alleles were associated with a 16% increased risk of being overweight (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). In case-control analyses, carriers of the FTO rs9939609 AA genotype were at increased risk of endometrial carcinoma compared to women with the TT genotype [odds ratio (OR)  = 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.32, p = 0.01]. However, this association was no longer apparent after adjusting for body mass index (BMI), suggesting mediation of the gene-disease effect through body weight. The MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism was not related to endometrial cancer risk (per allele OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.91–1.06; p = 0.68). FTO rs9939609 is a susceptibility marker for white non-Hispanic women at higher risk of endometrial cancer. Although FTO rs9939609 alone might have limited clinical or public health significance for identifying women at high risk for endometrial cancer beyond that of excess body weight, further investigation of obesity-related genetic markers might help to identify the pathways that influence endometrial carcinogenesis

Latent Conflicts Unlocking and Their Transformation From «Resistance» Into the «Driving Force» of Development Programs

The article deals with conflict management development programs. The problem lies in slowdown of programs by existing latent conflicts. The purpose of this article is the methods of detection formulation, unlocking latent conflict transformation from the «resistance» into the «driving force» of development programs. Conflicts have been represented as destroyers of management team assets. The conflicts that arise in development programs have been considered, their classification has been expanded. Scientific novelty consists in the method of unlocking latent conflicts in which occurs the transformation of conflicts with the “resistance” in the “driving forces” of development programs. The diagram of the methods implementation algorithm has been drawn

Brief Overview of Anti-Hail Works in Georgia

მოყვანილია კახეთის რეგიონში სეტყვასაწინააღმდეგო სამუშაოების შემდეგ, განვითარებული სეტყვის პროცესები, წინა წლების სტატისტიკური მონაცემები, გაკეთებულია გარკვეული დასკვნებიThe hail processes developed after the anti-hail works in Georgia, in particular in the Kakheti region, are cited. Compared to the statistical data of previous years, certain conclusions have been made