Olympic Experiences: The Significance of Place

Many studies analyse how events affect places, but few examine how places affect events. Existing research suggests that the physical qualities of a venue affect event experiences, but these studies often ignore more subtle dimensions of place such as symbolism, affect and identity. By narrowly focusing on venues, existing research also tends to neglect the fact that event places are perceived at a wider scale too (e.g. the host destination). Whether these wider place factors affect event experiences is the main question addressed by this study. The research involved a quantitative study of spectators who attended the London 2012 Olympic Games. The authors developed and tested a complex model that hypothesized the effects of place on satisfaction using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). After permissions were gained from the International Olympic Committee and the London Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, data were collected from over 600 people attending Olympic events. Research was undertaken at three different types of venue: the Aquatics Centre (a purpose built venue), Greenwich Park (a temporary venue) and Wimbledon (an established venue). The findings showed that both venue attachment and place defined at the wider scale (at the destination level) had significant positive effects on event satisfaction. In addition, we found evidence that the different types of venues - purpose built, temporary and established - moderated the relationship between venue attachment and event satisfaction. The results support venue attachment as a second-order factor and demonstrate the role of place symbolism within a four dimensional conceptualization of place attachment. Ultimately, the research suggests that where an event is staged does affect event satisfaction, and this has important implications for the ways the Olympic Games and other large-scale events are staged

Revisiting the host city: an empirical examination of sport involvement, place attachment, event satisfaction and spectator intentions at the London Olympics

This paper tests a model based on hypothesized relationships among sport involvement, place evaluations; at the level of venue and host city, and event satisfaction as antecedents of behavioral intentions. The relationships are explored among a sample of people attending the 2012 London Olympic Games (n = 603). Spectators completed questionnaires at event venues, providing responses at the place and time of the consumptive experience. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to determine the dimensions of the constructs and to test the validity of measurement items. The structural model indicated that sport involvement and place attachment influenced revisit intentions but this was not the case for event satisfaction. This suggests that although tourism will benefit when spectators experience a psychological connection with event venues, the Olympic Games offer a distinctive event experience that does not have a direct influence on intentions to revisit the host city

The behaviour of repeat visitors to museums: Review and empirical findings

This study presents a theoretical and operational framework for analysing repeat visit to museums. Starting from the literature on repeat visit in tourism, the specificities of these cultural attractions are made explicit through a review of theoretical and applied works. Consistently with previous contributors, the paper suggests that the analysis of actual past behaviours has to be preferred to the one of attitudes. The application of proper econometric models is also remarked in order to put into account individual profiles. Information coming from three techniques is then used in an integrated way in order to provide a more comprehensive view of the phenomenon. Evidence from an ad hoc survey suggests the necessity to give a greater attention to perceived cultural value during the visit, promoting cultural events during the week and addressed to children, and taking care of those visitors that come from far places also through an integrated tourist supply. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

Event satisfaction and behavioural intentions: examining the impact of the London 2012 Olympic Games on participation in sport

peerreview_statement: The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope. aims_and_scope_url: http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=resm2

Examining the relationship between sport spectator motivation, involvement, and loyalty: a structural model in the context of Australian Rules football

© 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This study examines the relationships between sport spectator motivation, involvement, and loyalty. It sought to validate a comprehensive motivation scale and test the interrelationships among these three concepts using a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) analysis. Data were analysed from 585 surveys collected from match day attendees of Australian Rules football in South Australia. The findings suggest that a strong positive relationship was found between sport spectators’ motivation and both socio-psychological involvement and behavioural involvement. Spectators’ motivation displays a mediating (indirect) effect on their loyalty through both involvement constructs. However, non-significant relationships between motivation and loyalty were found. One of the strongest motivations we found for attending a football game was vicarious achievement, whereas behavioural involvement has the strongest effect on spectators’ loyalty. This paper advances sport spectatorship scholarship and provides broader practical implications for practitioners, assisting in developing club’s long-term community engagement and growth plans

Endoscopic repair of anterior or middle skull base cerebrospinal fluid leaks after tumour resection

SummaryObjectivesThis study analysed the factors influencing the risk of recurrence following endoscopic repair of CSF leaks of the anterior and middle skull base after endonasal skull base tumour resection.Patients and methodsA retrospective review was conducted on 17 patients operated between May 2007 and December 2010 by endonasal endoscopic resection of anterior or middle skull base tumour who presented an intraoperative CSF leak. Epidemiological data (body mass index [BMI], age, gender) and type of leak (site, size) were studied.ResultsCSF leaks involved the roof of the ethmoid sinus (one patient), cribriform plate (three), posterolateral wall of the sphenoid sinus (six) or the sella turcica (seven). The CSF leak recurrence rate after the first endoscopic procedure was 29.4% (5/17). Failures were not influenced by gender, age, BMI or size of the leak. All recurrences involved the sella turcica or the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus. The success rate after a second endoscopic procedure was 88.2%.ConclusionEndonasal endoscopic repair of anterior and middle skull base meningeal injuries after tumour resection is a minimally invasive and effective technique. The main challenge of this method consists of ensuring effective control of the postoperative defect after tumour resection in the sphenoidal region, as this region was the only potential risk factor for recurrence identified in this study