Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Web İçeriklerini Sınıflandırma

Recent developments and widespread usage of the Internet have made business and processes to be completed faster and easily in electronic media. The increasing size of the stored, transferred and processed data brings many problems that affect access to information on the Web. Because of users’ need get to access to the information in electronic environment quickly, correctly and appropriately, different methods of classification and categorization of data are strictly needed. Millions of search engines should be supported with new approaches every day in order for users to get access to relevant information quickly. In this study, Multilayered Perceptrons (MLP) artificial neural network model is used to classify the web sites according to the specified subjects. A software is developed to select the feature vector, to train the neural network and finally to categorize the web sites correctly. It is considered that this intelligent approach will provide more accurate and secure platform to the Internet users for classifying web contents precisely

Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Web İçeriklerini Sınıflandırma

Recent developments and widespread usage of the Internet have made business and processes to be completed faster and easily in electronic media. The increasing size of the stored, transferred and processed data brings many problems that affect access to information on the Web. Because of users’ need get to access to the information in electronic environment quickly, correctly and appropriately, different methods of classification and categorization of data are strictly needed. Millions of search engines should be supported with new approaches every day in order for users to get access to relevant information quickly. In this study, Multilayered Perceptrons (MLP) artificial neural network model is used to classify the web sites according to the specified subjects. A software is developed to select the feature vector, to train the neural network and finally to categorize the web sites correctly. It is considered that this intelligent approach will provide more accurate and secure platform to the Internet users for classifying web contents precisely

Morphological Character of Blasted Talc Particles on Talc Flotation

Abstract -In this study, blasting method was applied to modify the morphology of particles. The extent of blasting was changed at different nozzle pressures through which shape factor and roughness of particles and their corresponding flotation recoveries were investigated. Performance of un-blasted and blasted particles in the system was measured by floating the particles of different characters in a micro-flotation cell. The results of these tests were correlated with shape factors and roughness values of particles that were analysed with Image Analysis, SEM and Optical Profilometer methods. It is shown that particles of higher angularity and roughness exhibited better floatability

THE HISTOPATOLOGIC RESULTS OF TURP IN PATIENTS WITH HPIN OR SUSPICIOUS FOR CANCER AT BIOPSY

Amaç: Çalışmamızda prostat biyopsilerinde Yüksek Dereceli prostat İntraepitelyalNeoplazi (H-PIN) veya Malignite kuşkulu odak saptanan ancak ileri derecedeobstrüksiyon bulguları nedeniyle Transüretral Prostat Rezeksiyonu (TURP) uygulananhastaların histopatolojik sonuçları karşılaştırılmaktadır.Gereç ve yöntem: Anormal rektal tuşe bulgusu ve/veya PSA yüksekliği nedeniyleTRUS biyopsi uygulanan 270 H-PIN veya malignite kuşkulu olgunun verileriretrospektif incelendi. Bu olgulardan TURP uygulanan 26 (20'si H-PIN, 6'sı Malignitekuşkulu odak içeren) hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Prostat biyopsisi, TRUS eşliğinde 18Gauge Tru-cut biyopsi iğnesiyle, 10-12 kadranda gerçekleştirildi. Histopatolojiksonuçlar biyopsi ve TUR örnekleriyle karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: TURP uygulanan 26 hastanın sadece 1 tanesinde (%3,8) kanser tespit edildi.H-PIN olan olgularının sadece 1 tanesinde prostat kanseri (Gleason 3+3=6) tespitedildi. Malignite kuşkulu odak içeren olguların hiçbirinde kanser görülmedi.Preoperatif PSA kanser tespit oranları ile ilişkisiz bulundu.Sonuç: Biyopside H-PIN veya malignite kuşkulu odak olan olgularda erken dönemdecerrahi endikasyon varlığında geciktirilmeden TUR-P uygulanabilir. Bu işlemin kansertanısında belirgin bir önemi yoktur. Klinisyen rektal inceleme ve PSA değerlerine görekanser şüphesi taşıyorsa re-biyopsi veya satürasyon biyopsilerini TUR-P sonrasıdönemde gerçekleştirmelidir.SUMMARYObjective: Our aim was to compare the histopathologic results of patients with HPINor suspicious for cancer at biopsy who underwent subsequent TURP due to severeinfravesical obstruction.Material and Method: Medical records of 270 patients having H-PIN or suspiciousfor cancer at biopsy due to elevated PSA and or abnormal rectal examination wereexamined. 26 of them (20 H-PIN and 6 Suspicious for cancer) who underwentsubsequent TURP due to severe obstruction or retention were included in the study TRUS-guided prostate biopsies were performed with an 18 Gauge Tru-Cut biopsyneedle from 10-12 cores. Histopathologic results were evaluated at TURP specimens.Results: The final pathological evaluation of the surgical specimens revealed 1prostatic adenocarcinomas in the TURP group Prostate cancer (Gleason score of 3+3=6)was detected in 1 of HPIN and none of suspicious for cancer. Preoperative PSA wasfound unrelated in the prediction of cancer in TURP.Conclusion: Suspicious pathology or H-PIN does not predict final pathology atTURP which justifies early intervention to obstruction when necessary. TURP haslimited impact on cancer detection and thus clinicians follow patient with PSA andrectal examination and perform re-biopsies after transurethral prostatectomy whennecessary

THE EFFICACY OF DICLOFENAC SUPPOSITORY ADMINISTRATED AFTER BIOPSY FOR THE CONTROL OF PAIN AND DISCOMFORT IN TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY-GUIDED PROSTATE BIOPSY

Amaç: Transrektal ultrasonografi eşliğinde prostat biyopsilerinde (TRUS-Bx) işlem bitiminde uygulanan diclofenac supozituarın hastalarda ağrı ve rahatsızlık kontrolü üzerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Anormal parmakla rektal inceleme ve/veya yüksek serum PSA değeri nedeni ile TRUS-Bx yapılan 100 olgu çalışmaya alındı. TRUS-Bx, sadece rektum içine intrarektal 20 cc (çift uygulama) %2'lik lidokain jel (5 cc perianal bölgeye, kalan 15 cc rektum içine) uygulamasını takiben TRUS eşliğinde 18 Gauge Tru-cut biyopsi iğnesiyle, 10-12 kadranda gerçekleştirildi. Ellibeş hastaya işlem bitiminde rektal olarak 100 mg diclofenac sodyum (Voltaren® suppozituar) verildi. Kırkbeş hastaya ek ilaç verilmedi. Biyopsi sonrası, vizüel analog skala (VAS) kullanılarak ağrı ve rahatsızlık skorları işlem sonrası ilk 12 saat sonunda diclofenac alan ve almayan gruplarda karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Biyopsi sonrası ortalama ağrı ve rahatsızlık skorları diclofenac alan grupta sırasıyla 2 ± 0,9 ve 2,4 ± 0,7 olarak tespit edilirken tedavisiz grupta sırasıyla 1,9 ± 1 ve 2,2 ± 1,1 olarak bulundu. İşlem sonrası ilk 12 saatlik değerlendirmede diclofenac alan grupta ağrı ve rahatsızlık skorlarının (0,9 ± 0,8, 1,1 ± 0,9) tedavisiz gruba (1,3 ± 0,6, 1,4 ± 0,8) göre daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında 12. saatteki ağrı skorları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptandı (p=0,01) rahatsızlık skorlarında fark gözlenmesine rağmen istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde değildi (p= 0,084). Her iki grup arasında yaş, önceki biyopsi sayısı, kor biyopsi sayısı, prostat hacmi, biyopsi öncesi serum PSA düzeyi ve komplikasyonlar bakımından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Voltaren alan gruptaki hastalar biyopsi sonrasında daha rahat bir gün geçirdiklerini ifade ettiler. Sonuç: TRUS biyopsi yapılan hastalarda tek doz diclofenac suppozituar etkin, güvenli bir şekilde işlem sonrası dönemde ağrı kontrolünü sağlamakta, hastaya konfor ve hayat kalitesinde artış sağlamaktadır. SUMMARY Objective: Transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) is the gold standart for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. There are various methods defined in the current literature for the control of pain dring this procedure. In this study we have evaluated the efficacy of intrarectal administration of voltaren suppository administered at the end of biopsy for control of pain and discomfort. Material and method: 100 consecutive men underwent TRUS-Bx prostate biopsies for serum PSA elevation and/or suspicious digital rectal examination findings for prostate cancer were included in this study. TRUS-Bx were performed with 18 G Trucut biopsy needle from 10-12 cores after intrarectal administration of 20 cc (twice) %2 Lidocaine gel (5 cc on perianal region, 15 cc into the rectum). Fifty-five patients received voltaren treatment at the end of biopsy. No additional treatment were given in the second group of 45 patients. After the biopsy; a self-administrated 10-point linear visual scale was used to determine and compare the pain and discomfort scores of the two groups (diclofenac and no treatment) at 12 hour after biopsy. Results: The mean pain and discomfort scores after the biopsy whom were given 100 mg voltaren were 2 ± 0.9 and 2.4 ± 0.72.0; for no treatment group these scores were 1.9 ± 1 and 2.2 ± 1.1 respectively. The 12 hour evaluation showed that pain and discomfort scores in voltaren group (0.9 ± 0.8 and 1.1 ± 0.9) were lower than no treatment group (1.3 ± 0.6 vs 1.4 ± 0.8). When two groups were compared, the difference for pain scores was statistically significant (p=0.01). Although discomfort scores at 12th hour diminished, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.084). There were not any considerable differences between the two groups regarding the age, previously performed biopsies, the core numbers, prostate volume, pre-biopsy serum PSA values and the complications of the procedure. Patients in the voltaren arm expressed a more comfortable day after biopsy. Conclusion: Diclofenac suppository administration after biopsy for relief of pain during TRUS-Bx is an effective, safe and simple method and enhance patient comfort and quality of life

The value of dual-energy computed tomography in the evaluation of myocarditis

PURPOSEThe inflammation of the heart muscle is referred to as acute myocarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become the primary method for a non-invasive assessment of myocardial inflammation. However, there are several drawbacks of CMR. During the last decade, dual energy computed tomography (DECT) has been used in cardiac imaging. The current study aims to assess the efficacy and feasibility of DECT in acute myocarditis and compare the results to CMR.METHODSThis prospective study included patients who had myocarditis but no coronary artery pathology. Two observers evaluated the patients for acute myocarditis using DECT and CMR. CMR was performed on 22 patients within 24 hours of DECT, which was administered within 12 hours following the onset of chest pain. Inter-observer agreement was tested with Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and Spearman’s correlation was used to examine the possible correlations. A P value of <0.050 was accepted as statistically significant.RESULTSThe DECT and CMR agreement was significant for transmural diagnoses, excellent for subepicardial and intramyocardial diagnoses, and perfect for nodular and band-like patterns.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study showed that the dark areas on the color-coded iodine map created with DECT were strongly correlated with CMR in acute cases of myocarditis. In addition, DECT is a robust imaging method that can also be used in the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Furthermore, it provides information about coronary arteries faster and more reliably than magnetic resonance imaging without any limitations

Dijagnostička točnost sastojaka mlijeka kod dijagnostike gravidnosti u krava srednje i kasne laktacije

The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk components (fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity and pH) to observe the pregnancy status, and to determine the practical usage of these parameters as diagnostic biomarker of pregnancy status. In the present study, primiparous Holstein cows (n=133) were included in the mid and late lactation. Milk samples were collected in sterile tubes for SCC and milk components analysis. In each lactation period, SCC, milk yield and milk component parameters were analysed by Student\u27s t test according to pregnancy status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the predictive threshold using SCC and milk component parameters to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. SCC levels were similar for all cows in the mid and late-lactation. In the mid lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were higher and milk yield, fat, freezing point and pH were lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). In the late lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were significantly higher and milk yield, fat and pH were significantly lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity, and pH were the best predictors for pregnancy diagnosis in mid-lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.840, 0.768, 0.780, 0.772, 0.693, 0.792, and 0.901 respectively. Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, electrical conductivity, and pH could be useful diagnostic tools for pregnancy determination in late lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.869, 0.684, 0.661, 0.689, 0.756, and 0.841 respectively. In conclusion, the milk components could be used as rapid, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the diagnosis of pregnancy status in primiparous Holstein cows.Ciljevi ove studije bili su utvrditi granične vrijednosti procjenom mogućnosti upotrebe broja somatskih stanica (SCC) i pojedinih fizikalno-kemijskih parametara mlijeka (udio masti, bezmasne suhe tvari (FFDM), proteina, laktoze, točke zamrzavanja, električne vodljivosti i pH) za promatranje statusa gravidnosti kao i u svrhu korištenja navedenih parametara kao bioloških markera u dijagnozi statusa gravidnosti. U ovu su studiju bile uključene prvotelke holstein pasmine (n=133) u srednjoj i kasnoj laktaciji. Uzorci mlijeka sakupljani su u sterilne epruvete za analizu SCC i fizikalno-kemijskih parametara. U svakom razdoblju laktacije, SCC, prinos mlijeka i fizikalno-kemijski parametri analizirani su Student t-testom u odnosu na status gravidnosti. Za određivanje prediktivnog praga korištene su krivulje odnosa specifičnosti i osjetljivosti klasifikatora (ROC), korištenjem SCC i fizikalno-kemijskih parametara mlijeka za razlikovanje gravidnih i negravidnih krava. Za sve krave u srednjoj i kasnoj laktaciji razine SCC bile su slične. Sredinom laktacije, FFDM, udjeli proteina i laktoze te električna vodljivost bili su viši, a prinos mlijeka, udio masti, točka ledišta i pH bili su niži u gravidnih krava (p<0,05). U kasnoj laktaciji, FFDM, udjeli proteina i laktoze te električna vodljivost bili su značajno viši, a prinos mlijeka, udio masti i pH bili su značajno niži u gravidnih krava (p<0,05). Udjeli masti, proteina i laktoze, FFDM, točka ledišta, električna vodljivost i pH bili su najbolji prediktori za dijagnozu gravidnosti kod krava u srednjoj laktaciji s vrijednostima površina ispod ROC krivulje (AUC) 0,840, 0,768, 0,780, 0,772, 0,693, 0,792 i 0,901. Udjeli masti, proteina i laktoze, FFDM, električna vodljivost i pH mogu biti korisni dijagnostički alati za određivanje gravidnosti kod krava u kasnoj laktaciji s AUC vrijednostima 0,869, 0,684, 0,661, 0,689, 0,756 i 0,841. Zaključno, komponente mlijeka mogu se koristiti kao brzi, lako dostupni i jeftini markeri za procjenu dijagnoze statusa gravidnosti kod prvotelki holstein krava

Yerfıstığının kırılmasında yeni bir yöntem

TEZ604Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1988.Kaynakça (s. 91-92) var.v, 94 s. ; 30 cm.