Discusión sobre el matamorfismo regional del Guadarrama oriental (Sistema Central español)

Se aportan datos que confirman que el metamorfismo del Guadarrama oriental corresponde al tipo distena-sillimanita, con un desarrollo zonal que tiene grandes analogías con el trictaniorfismo barrowiense. Las zonas encontradas: cloritacloritoide-estaurolita-distena-sillimani, y el desarrollo generalizado del almandino en la mayor parte del ámbito metamórfico indican unas condiciones de presión elevada y de un gradiente geotérmico relativamente reducido. Este tipo de sucesión metamórfica es considerablemente diferente del que existe en otros sectores del del Guadarrama central y occidental, donde aparecen tipos de más baja presión y (o) más alta temperatura con andalucita o cordierita como minerales sintomáticos en grados elevados de este metamorfismo.Para este sector no son aceptables muchos de los datos y las conclusiones publicadas por BARD et al. (1970, 1971)

Neural Bases of Human Working Memory

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72435/1/1467-8721.00058.pd

Síndrome compartimental en joven con alteración hemática

El síndrome compartimental es una patología bien conocida que se produce por un aumento de la presión dentro de un compartimiento miofascial. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con trombopenia que sufrió un traumatismo banal. Necesitó fasciotomía del compartimiento anteroexterno de la pierna y, más tarde, esplenectomía. El diagnóstico y tratamiento tardíos de esta complicación, así como una descomprensión inadecuada, pueden conducir a la pérdida de función en una extremidad.The compartment syndrome is a well described cli- nical entity that results from increased pressure within a myo- fascial compartment. An unusual case of a patient with thrombopenia and a minimal traumatism, is reported. He required fasciotomy of the anterolateral compartment of the leg and, later, splenectomy. Late recognition and treatment of this complication, as well as inadequate decompression, can lead to loss of limb

RGL2 controls flower development, ovule number and fertility in Arabidopsis

[EN] DELLA proteins are a group of plant specific GRAS proteins of transcriptional regulators that have a key role in gibberellin (GA) signaling. In Arabidopsis, the DELLA family is formed by five members. The complexity of this gene family raises the question on whether single DELLA proteins have specific or overlapping functions in the control of several GA-dependent developmental processes. To better understand the roles played by RGL2, one of the DELLA proteins in Arabidopsis, two transgenic lines that express fusion proteins of Venus-RGL2 and a dominant version of RGL2, YPet-rgl2A17, were generated by recombineering strategy using a genomic clone that contained the RGL2 gene. The dominant YPet-rg12 Delta 17 protein is not degraded by GAs, and therefore it blocks the RGL2-dependent GA signaling and hence RGL2-dependent development. The RGL2 role in seed germination was further confirmed using these genetic tools, while new functions of RGL2 in plant development were uncovered. RGL2 has a clear function in the regulation of flower development, particularly stamen growth and anther dehiscence, which has a great impact in fertility. Moreover, the increased ovule number in the YPet-rg12 Delta 17 line points out the role of RGL2 in the determination of ovule number.We wish to thank Ms. J. Yun,M.A. Argomániz for technical assistance, and the IBMCP microscopy facility. Edit Syndicate (http://www.editsyndicate.com/) provided proofreading of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-FEDER [BI02011-26302 and BI02014-55946] and Generalitat Valenciana [ACOMP/2013/048 and ACOMP/2014/106] to M.A.P-A. and National Science Foundation [MCB-0923727] to J.M.A. MAP-A. received a fellowship of the 'Salvador de Madariaga' program from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Gómez Jiménez, MD.; Fuster Almunia, C.; Ocaña-Cuesta, J.; Alonso, J.; Perez Amador, MA. (2019). RGL2 controls flower development, ovule number and fertility in Arabidopsis. Plant Science. 281:82-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.014S829228

Continuously variable true time delay optical feeder for phased array antenna employing chirped fiber gratings

In this paper we propose and demonstrate a novel approach of true-time delay (TTD) optical feeder for phased-array antennas. A continuously variable TTD is achieved by employing tunable lasers and a wide bandwidth chirped fiber grating as dispersive element. The results show that a very high resolution performance (equivalent to a 6 bit microwave phase shifter) is obtained for a L-band phased-array antenna employing narrow tuning bandwidth lasers with a wavelength stability of 0.005 nm and a 4 nm bandwidth chirped grating with dispersion 835 ps/nm

Recomendaciones del Grupo GARIN para el manejo de pacientes no críticos con diabetes o hiperglucemia de estrés y nutrición artificial

Background & aims: By means of this update, the GARIN working group aims to define its position regarding the treatment of patients with diabetes or stress hyperglycaemia and artificial nutrition. In this area there are many aspects of uncertainty, especially in non-critically ill patients. Methods: Bibliographical review, and specific questions in advance were discussed and answered at a meeting in the form of conclusions. Results: We propose a definition of stress hyperglycaemia. The indications and access routes for artificial nutrition are no different in patients with diabetes/stress hyperglycaemia than in non-diabetics. The objective must be to keep pre-prandial blood glucose levels between 100 and 140 mg/dl and post-prandial levels between 140 and 180 mg/dl. Hyperglycemia can be prevented through systematic monitoring of capillary glycaemias and adequately calculate energy-protein needs. We recommend using enteral formulas designed for patients with diabetes (high monounsaturated fat) to facilitate metabolic control. The best drug treatment for treating hyperglycaemia/diabetes in hospitalised patients is insulin and we make recommendations for adapt the theoretical insulin action to the nutrition infusion regimen. We also addressed recommendations for future investigation. Conclusions: This recommendations about artificial nutrition in patients with diabetes or stress hyperglycaemia can add value to clinical work.Introducción y objetivos: En el tratamiento de los pacientes con diabetes o hiperglucemia de estrés y la nutrición artificial existen muchas áreas de incertidumbre, sobre todo en pacientes no críticos. El grupo de trabajo GARIN tiene como objetivo definir su posición en este campo. Material y métodos: Revisión bibliográfica previa y reunión presencial en la que se discutieron y contestaron preguntas específicas sobre el tema. Resultados: Proponemos una definición de hiperglucemia de estrés. Las indicaciones y las rutas de acceso a la nutrición artificial no difieren en los pacientes con hiperglucemia de estrés o diabetes respecto a los no diabéticos. El objetivo debe ser mantener los niveles de glucemia preprandial entre 100 y 140 mg/dl y postprandial entre 140 y 180 mg/dl. La hiperglucemia puede prevenirse a través de una monitorización sistemática de las glucemias capilares y un cálculo adecuado de las necesidades energético-proteicas. Recomendamos el uso de fórmulas enterales diseñadas para pacientes con diabetes (alto contenido en grasas monoinsaturadas) para facilitar el control metabólico. El mejor tratamiento farmacológico para tratar la hiperglucemia/diabetes en pacientes hospitalizados es la insulina, aconsejando adaptar la acción teórica de la insulina al régimen de infusión de la nutrición. También realizamos recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras. Conclusiones: Estas recomendaciones aportan respuestas concretas sobre cuestiones comunes en la asistencia a pacientes con diabetes o hiperglucemia de estrés y nutrición artificial

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor in lymphocytes prevents atherosclerosis and predicts subclinical disease

Background: Although the role of Th17 and regulatory T cells in the progression of atherosclerosis has been highlighted in recent years, their molecular mediators remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate the association between the CD69 receptor, a regulator of Th17/regulatory T cell immunity, and atherosclerosis development in animal models and in patients with subclinical disease. Methods: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient chimeric mice expressing or not expressing CD69 on either myeloid or lymphoid cells were subjected to a high fat diet. In vitro functional assays with human T cells were performed to decipher the mechanism of the observed phenotypes. Expression of CD69 and NR4A nuclear receptors was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 305 male participants of the PESA study (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) with extensive (n=128) or focal (n=55) subclinical atherosclerosis and without disease (n=122). Results: After a high fat diet, mice lacking CD69 on lymphoid cells developed large atheroma plaque along with an increased Th17/regulatory T cell ratio in blood. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein was shown to bind specifically and functionally to CD69 on human T lymphocytes, inhibiting the development of Th17 cells through the activation of NR4A nuclear receptors. Participants of the PESA study with evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis displayed a significant CD69 and NR4A1 mRNA downregulation in peripheral blood leukocytes compared with participants without disease. The expression of CD69 remained associated with the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in an adjusted multivariable logistic regression model (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94; P=0.006) after adjustment for traditional risk factors, the expression of NR4A1, the level of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and the counts of different leucocyte subsets. Conclusions: CD69 depletion from the lymphoid compartment promotes a Th17/regulatory T cell imbalance and exacerbates the development of atherosclerosis. CD69 binding to oxidized low-density lipoprotein on T cells induces the expression of anti-inflammatory transcription factors. Data from a cohort of the PESA study with subclinical atherosclerosis indicate that CD69 expression in PBLs inversely correlates with the presence of disease. The expression of CD69 remained an independent predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis after adjustment for traditional risk factors.Funding was provided by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness: Plan Nacional de Salud SAF2017-82886-R to Dr Sánchez-Madrid, SAF2015-64767-R to Dr Martínez-González; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES 2016): PI16/01956 to Dr Martin, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; European Research Council, ERC- 2011-AdG294340-GENTRIS to Dr Sánchez-Madrid; Proyecto Integrado de Excelencia PIE13/041 and Fundació La Marató TV3 (20152330 31); and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid CAM (S2017/BMD-3671) to Drs Martin and Sánchez-Madrid. Dr Tsilingiri is cofunded by the European Union Marie Curie Program. M. Relaño is supported by a Contratos Predoctorales Severo Ochoa para la formación de doctores (BES-2015–072625) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This research has been cofinanced by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, and the Pro CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505). The PESA study is cofunded equally by the Pro CNIC Foundation and Banco Santander, Madrid, Spai

A Statin-Loaded Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticle Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation

Inflammation is a key feature of atherosclerosis and a target for therapy. Statins have potent anti-inflammatory properties but these cannot be fully exploited with oral statin therapy due to low systemic bioavailability. Here we present an injectable reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticle carrier vehicle that delivers statins to atherosclerotic plaques. We demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of statin-rHDL in vitro and show this effect is mediated through inhibition of the mevalonate pathway. We also apply statin-rHDL nanoparticles in vivo in an apolipoprotein E-knockout mouse model of atherosclerosis and show they accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions where they directly affect plaque macrophages. Finally we demonstrate that a three-month low-dose statin-rHDL treatment regimen inhibits plaque inflammation progression, while a one-week high-dose regimen markedly decreases inflammation in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Statin-rHDL represents a novel potent atherosclerosis nanotherapy that directly affects plaque inflammation