Weight tuning and pattern classification by self organizing map using genetic algorithm

The paper deals with supervised learning. In many problems, the training data contains only the final judgment information in conjunction with the input data, but in some problems, more information needs to be extracted from the training data. A typical example is a medical diagnosis. The objective of the paper is to give the user internal information contained in the data by using only the binary class-information data. A self organizing map (SOM) is used as the main tool for this purpose. Our method is to tune the weight of the elements of the data so that the data of the same category tend to be mapped in the near points on the SOM, and the separation of different categories can be carried out successfully. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used for the tuning of the weight coefficients. After the learning, we can obtain the feature map, as well as the weight coefficients of the elements that indicate the importance for the categorization for the current data</p

GA-based decision support system for multicriteria optimization

Proposes a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) method by using a genetic algorithm (GA). The system consists of three phases. In the first phase, a rough set of Pareto optimal solutions is obtained using Kohonen's self organizing map (SOM). In the second phase, the decision maker (DM) selects his preferred solutions among the obtained set, where the mechanism of GA is used with the DM's preference assisted by radial basis function network (RBFN). In the third phase, the DM can explore the solution space further for the final decision</p

Trend of Diabetes Care for Elderly Patients at a Single Center from 2009 to 2019

Objective : We performed a narrative analysis of the data of diabetes of elderly patients how the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines have worked on glycemic control. Methods : We analyzed two sets of data, one from patients who visited initially during April and June in 2009, 2014 and 2019, respectively, and the other from 168 patients followed for 10 years successively, with analysis on Hb (hemoglobin) A1c and the number of hypoglycemic agents (prescriptions)/patient. Results : In the first set, the patient numbers were 351, 487 and 572 in each year with a mean age of 68.5, 70.5 and 71.7 years, respectively. The mean HbA1c, 7.3～7.4 ％, was not significantly different from each year, but prescriptions/patient were greater in 2019 than in 2009, 1.7±1.3 (mean±SD) vs 1.2±1.1. Upon division into Groups 1 to 3 by age, ＜65 years, 65 to 74 years, and ≥ 75 years old, respectively, HbA1c was greater in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3, and so were prescriptions/patient, especially DPP-4i and SGLT-2i. In the second set, the mean HbA1c was greater with time and so were prescriptions/patient, 1.2±1.1 in 2009 vs 2.1±1.4 in 2019. Upon division into three groups (T1, T2 and T3) by age tertile, with a mean age of 55.7, 66.0, and 75.4 years in 2009, respectively, HbA1c was higher and the fraction of the patients having ＜7.0 ％ HbA1c less in T1 than in T3. Prescriptions/patient were greater in T1 than in T3 all through the observation period. Conclusion : Diabetes control has been at a reasonable level in the elderly patients ( ≥ 65 years) but not in the middle-aged.Article信州医学雑誌 71(3) : 149-158, (2023)journal articl

Análisis de las comorbilidades en pacientes con colitis ulcerosa: una herramienta para prevenir las exacerbaciones en casos de colitis ulcerosa

There have been previous studies, especially in Western countries and even in some areas in Asia, about extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) and its link with the outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). This link is crucial when discussing a patient’s prognosis and important when dealing with UC management. The aim of this study was to clarify the most common comorbidities associated with UC, emphasizing immunologic comorbidities in Japan. This study was a retrospective analysis performed at Nagoya University Hospital. The data collection started in March, 2019, and continued for two years. We retrieved the medical records of 105 patients with UC diagnosis, from which the data of 176 EIMs were extracted and analyzed. Results showed that EIMs with UC in the active phase accounted for 43.7% of total EIMs. Twenty-six patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease frequently had an active phase (odds ratio [OR] 3.84, 99% CI, 1.44–10.27). Comorbidities showing an active manifestation of symptoms and UC in the active phase were significantly correlated in patients with immunological comorbidities, such as peripheral arthritis (r = 0.97, p < 0.01) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), as well as in patients with primary sclerosis cholangitis (PSC) (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). In conclusion, this analysis suggests the importance of having full comprehension of how immunological comorbidities affect the natural development of UC, which is of vital importance to prevent further UC complications and properly adjust the management of the disease.Se trata de un análisis retrospectivo que estudia múltiples comorbilidades de índole inmunológico que se da en pacientes con colitis ulcerosa. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el hospital universitario de la Universidad de Nagoya. Se recolectó datos de 105 pacientes con colitis ulcerosa, de los cuales 176 comorbilidades extraintestinales fueron analizadas. Se encontró que comorbilidades con manifestación activa de síntomas y con colitis ulcerosa en fase activa fueron significativamente correlacionadas en pacientes con comorbilidades inmunológicas, tales como artritis periféricas (r=O.97, P<O.OI ), artritis reumatoide (r=O.99, P<O.OI ), así como pacientes con colangitis esclerosa primaria (r=O.98, P<O.OI ). En conclusión, este análisis sugiere la importancia de tener plena comprensión de cómo las comorbilidades inmunológicas afectan el desarrollo natural de la colitis ulcerosa, lo cual es de vital importancia para prevenir mayores complicaciones de la colitis ulcerosa y ajustar adecuadamente el manejo de la enfermedad.Japón. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura, Deportes, Ciencia y Tecnología (Monbukagakusho)Artículo de investigació

Effect of the interaction between physical activity and estimated macronutrient intake on HbA1c : population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Introduction Healthy diet and physical activity (PA) are essential for preventing type 2 diabetes, particularly, a combination of diet and PA. However, reports on interaction between PA and diet, especially from large epidemiological studies, are limited. We investigated the effect of interaction between PA and macronutrient intake on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in the general population. Research design and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 55 469 men and women without diabetes who participated in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained PA and macronutrient intake (carbohydrate, fat, and protein). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to adjust for confounding variables and examine the interactions. In addition, we conducted a longitudinal study during a 5-year period within a subcohort (n=6881) with accelerometer-assessed PA data. Results Overall, PA had a weak inverse association (β=−0.00033, p=0.049) and carbohydrate intake had a strong positive association (β=0.00393, p<0.001) with HbA1c. We observed a tendency of interactions between PA and carbohydrate or fat intake, but not protein intake, on HbA1c levels after adjusting for age, sex, study area, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, and medication for hypertension or hypercholesterolemia (Pinteraction=0.054, 0.006, and 0.156, respectively). The inverse associations between PA and HbA1c level were more evident in participants with high-carbohydrate (or low-fat) intake than in participants with low-carbohydrate (or high-fat) intake. Although further adjustment for body mass index slightly attenuated the above interactions (Pinteraction=0.098 for carbohydrate and 0.068 for fat), the associations between PA and HbA1c level in stratified analyses remained unchanged. Similar associations and interactions were reproduced in the longitudinal study. Conclusions The present results suggest that the effect of PA on HbA1c levels is modified by intake of macronutrient composition

Weight tuning and pattern classification by self organizing map using genetic algorithm

The paper deals with supervised learning. In many problems, the training data contains only the final judgment information in conjunction with the input data, but in some problems, more information needs to be extracted from the training data. A typical example is a medical diagnosis. The objective of the paper is to give the user internal information contained in the data by using only the binary class-information data. A self organizing map (SOM) is used as the main tool for this purpose. Our method is to tune the weight of the elements of the data so that the data of the same category tend to be mapped in the near points on the SOM, and the separation of different categories can be carried out successfully. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used for the tuning of the weight coefficients. After the learning, we can obtain the feature map, as well as the weight coefficients of the elements that indicate the importance for the categorization for the current data</p

Ecological destruction, health, and development : advancing Asian paradigms

第11回APPA（アジア・太平洋出版連合）出版賞金賞受賞(2005)。COEプログラム「アジア・アフリカにおける地域編成—原型・変容・転成」における共同研究の成果。詳しい目次や内容紹介は下記「URL」の京都大学学術出版会ホームページをご覧ください。"1 FURUKAWA Hisao. The Ecological Destruction of Coastal Peat Wetlands in Insular Southeast Asia2 Supiandi SABIHAM. Ecological Issues of The Mega-Rice Project in Indonesia: A Case Study of Swampland Development in Central Kalimantan3 Sodiono M.P. TJONDRONEGORO. From Colonization to Transmigration: Changing Policies in Population Resettlement4 RIWANTO Tirtosudarmo. A National Project That Failed: A Tale of Population Resettlement Policy in Indonesia5 NAKAMURA Goro. The Twenty-Five Year Pursuit of Herbicide Damage of the Vietnam War: Tracing the Changes in the Environment and Human Health6 WAKIMOTO Tadaaki. The Fate of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD Herbicides and Defoliants Used During the Vietnam War7 PHAN Nguyen Hong. The Severe Impact of Herbicides on Mangroves in the Vietnam War and the Ecological Effects of Reforestation8 TRAN Triet, J.A. Barzen, L.E., CONG Kiet, and D. Moore. Wartime Herbicides in the Mekong Delta and their Implications for Post-War Wetland Conservation9 LE Ke Son. Agent Orange in the Vietnam War: Consequences and Measures for Overcoming it10 G. Balakrish NAIR, Shah M. FARUQUE, Pallavi GARG, T. RAMAMURTHY and TAKEDA Yoshifumi. Molecular Epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae: Masquerade of a Deceptive Pathogen11 NISHIBUCHI Mitsuaki. Infection by a New Clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: an Infectious Disease that Emerged in Asia and Spread to a World Wide Pandemic12 Savithri D. PUTHUCHEARY. Burkholderia pseudomallei and the Environment13 OGIWARA Rie, and GOMI Harumi. Clinical Ecology of Vector-borne Diseases in Southeast Asia14 ISHII Akira, NAGAI Nobuhiko, ARAI Meiji, HIRAI Makoto, MATSUOKA Hiroyuki, KANEKO Akira, KAWABATA Masato, OHTA Nobuo, ISHIKAWA Hirobumi, NAKAZAWA Minato, William PANJAITAN, SAFEYI, Nathan KERE, and .Judson LEAFASIA. Malaria Control Studies in Indonesia and Solomon Islands15 Narasiman MUNIANDY and Jamaluddin Abdul AZIZ. Effects of Intensification of the Traditional Farming System on the Environment and Bio-safety of the Human Population: Nipah Virus Outbreak in Malaysia16 ANDO Kazuo and ISHIDA Norio. Water Quality Problems Affecting Livelihood in Bangladesh and Kazakhstan: A Natural Environment as a Local Area17 TANABE Shinsuke. Contamination and Toxic Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Wildlife and Humans in Asia18 MATSUBAYASHI Kozo and OKUMIYA Kiyohito. Ageing, Diseases and Ecology19 OTSUKA Kuniaki, MURAKAMI Shohgo, MATSUBAYASHI Kozo, ZHAO Zi-yan, Andi WEYDAHL, N Truls LynnevHANSE, MITSUTAKE Gen, NISHIMURA Yoshiko, KUBO Yutaka, OHKAWA Shin-ichiro, YANO Shoki, Ram B SINGH, Germaine CORNELISSEN, and HALBERG Franz on behalf of ICEHRV working group. Chronomes, Aging and Disease20 TANIMURA Susumu and MIZOTA Tsutomu. Application of Geographic Information Systems in International Health21 A. Terry RAMBO. Development Policies and Development Trends in Vietnam's Northern Mountain Region22 Thomas SIKOR and DAO MINH TRUONG. Changes in Land Use in Black Thai Villages in Response to Changes in the National Land Management Policies23 TRAN Duc Vien. Changes in the Composite Swiddening System in Tat Hamlet in Vietnam's Northern Mountains in Response to Integration into the Market System24 YANAGISAWA Masayuki. Development Process Of Cash Crops in the Northern Mountains Region of Vietnam: A Case Study in Moc Chau District of Son La Province, Vietnam25 Phouang Parisak PRAVONGVIENKHAM. Upland natural resources management strategies and policy in the Lao PDR26 KONO Yasuyuki, OKADA Hisaya, NAWATA Eiji and TOMITA Shinsuke. Changing Aspects of Shifting Cultivation in Northern Laos: Land Allocation Policy and Commercialization of Crop Production27 TAKEDA Shinya. Management of Non-timber Forest Products in Laos: Fallow Forest Growing Styrax tonkinensis for Benzoin Production28 MOMOSE Kuniyasu and SHIMAMURA Tetsuya. Malay Riverbank Communities in Peat Swamp Forests of the Sumatran East Coast: Environment, Network and Transformation29 IWATA Akihisa. Aquatic Eco-resources Management and its Changes in Laos30 K. BALASUBRAMANIAN. Social Construction of Indigenous Knowledge: A Case Study of Villagers on the Taxonomy of Soils in South India31 KAIDA Yoshihiro. A Proposal for Asian Ecotechnology Networking for Eco-Resource Management