The Effects of Disequilibrium and Deformation on the Mineralogical Evolution of Quartz Diorite During Metamorphism in the Eclogite Facies

In the Sesia Zone, Western Alps, a large volume of orthogneiss formed as a result of eclogite fades metamorphism and deformation of quartz diorite during early Alpine underthrusting and subduction. Rare lenses of undeformed metaquartz diorite, preserved within the orthogneiss, represent an early stage in the evolution of this latter rock type. The metamorphic and microstructural evolution of the orthogneiss in the eclogite fades has been reconstructed from studies of gradational contacts between undeformed and strongly deformed rocks. High pressure transformations of the original igneous plagioclase + biotite + quartz assemblage to jadeitic pyroxene (Jd0.95 -0.85 + zoisite + quartz + garnet + 2 muscovites developed prior to deformation. Slow intergranular diffusion resulted in a state of disequilibrium between small textural domains in the metaquartz diorite. The compositions of the phases of the undeformed metaquartz diorite do not reflect the bulk rock composition, but were controlled by their position relative to reactant phases. The jadeitic pyroxenes, for example, formed in localized domains which originally consisted of sodic plagioclase whereas omphacite was the equilibrium pyroxene for the bulk rock composition. Mineralogical changes which occurred during subsequent deformation of the metaquartz diorite are interpreted as resulting from a progressive enlargement of equilibrium domains and the partial equilibration of mineral compositions to the bulk rock composition rather than from changes in pressure and temperature. Initially during high-strain deformation, fine-grained aggregates of jadeitic pyroxene + quartz + zoisite (originally pseudomorphing plagioclase) are inferred to have deformed by a mechanism of grain boundary sliding accommodated by diffusive mass transfer. Muscovite and garnet compositions homogenized during the deformation but due to slow intracrystalline diffusion, pyroxene compositions (Jd0.95 -0.80) remained metastable. The coarsening of pyroxene eventually terminated deformation by grain boundary sliding and this mineral subsequently deformed by intracrystalline plastidty. This latter process was accompanied by and perhaps catalysed a change in pyroxene composition from metastable jadeite towards omphacite by a reaction involving the resorption of garnet and the nucleation and growth of paragonite. The resulting orthogneiss consists of quartz + omphadte + garnet + phengite + paragonite + zoisite. The rock is characterized by a broad range of pyroxene compositions (Jd0.8 -0.5) due to the incomplete equilibration of this mineral to the bulk rock composition and a lack of Fe-Mg exchange equilibrium between pyroxene and garnet. However, in contrast to the undeformed metaquartz diorite, there are no obvious textural indications of disequilibrium between phases in the orthogneis

Tunneling of a Quantized Vortex: Roles of Pinning and Dissipation

We have performed a theoretical study of the effects of pinning potential and dissipation on vortex tunneling in superconductors. Analytical results are obtained in various limits relevant to experiment. In general we have found that pinning and dissipation tend to suppress the effect of the vortex velocity dependent part of the Magnus force on vortex tunneling.Comment: Latex, 12 page

Key features of palliative care service delivery to Indigenous peoples in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States: A comprehensive review

Background: Indigenous peoples in developed countries have reduced life expectancies, particularly from chronic diseases. The lack of access to and take up of palliative care services of Indigenous peoples is an ongoing concern. Objectives: To examine and learn from published studies on provision of culturally safe palliative care service delivery to Indigenous people in Australia, New Zealand (NZ), Canada and the United States of America (USA); and to compare Indigenous peoples’ preferences, needs, opportunities and barriers to palliative care. Methods: A comprehensive search of multiple databases was undertaken. Articles were included if they were published in English from 2000 onwards and related to palliative care service delivery for Indigenous populations; papers could use quantitative or qualitative approaches. Common themes were identified using thematic synthesis. Studies were evaluated using Daly’s hierarchy of evidence-for-practice in qualitative research. Results: Of 522 articles screened, 39 were eligible for inclusion. Despite diversity in Indigenous peoples’ experiences across countries, some commonalities were noted in the preferences for palliative care of Indigenous people: to die close to or at home; involvement of family; and the integration of cultural practices. Barriers identified included inaccessibility, affordability, lack of awareness of services, perceptions of palliative care, and inappropriate services. Identified models attempted to address these gaps by adopting the following strategies: community engagement and ownership; flexibility in approach; continuing education and training; a whole-of-service approach; and local partnerships among multiple agencies. Better engagement with Indigenous clients, an increase in number of palliative care patients, improved outcomes, and understanding about palliative care by patients and their families were identified as positive achievements. Conclusions: The results provide a comprehensive overview of identified effective practices with regards to palliative care delivered to Indigenous populations to guide future program developments in this field. Further research is required to explore the palliative care needs and experiences of Indigenous people living in urban areas

The Effects of Disequilibrium and Deformation on the Mineralogical Evolution of Quartz Diorite During Metamorphism in the Eclogite Facies

ISSN:0022-3530ISSN:1460-241

Coming Home to Die: Six Nations of the Grand River Territory Develops Community-Based Palliative Care

This paper describes the development and implementation of a community-based palliative care program in Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario. Six Nations innovative program is grounded in their vision to provide access to quality palliative care at home and incorporate Haudenosaunee Traditional teachings. A community Project Advisory Committee led the development process, and a Leadership Team of local and regional palliative care partners led implementation. Using participatory action research, academic researchers supported activities and facilitated data collection and evaluation. Outcomes included: creation of a Palliative Shared Care Outreach Team, including a First Nation’s physician, nurse and social worker; development of a detailed care pathway for clients who need palliative care; increased home deaths (55) as compared to hospital (22) or hospice deaths (6); access to palliative care education and mentorship for local health care providers; incorporation of Traditional teachings to support clients and staff around death, dying, grief and loss; and creation of a palliative care program booklet for Six Nations Health Services.  This unique initiative reduces disparities in access to quality palliative home care and demonstrates that First Nations communities can successfully undertake a process of community capacity development to create unique and culturally responsive palliative care programs. Challenges included overcoming federal and provincial jurisdictional issues in provision of health services through collaborative partnerships at the local and regional level.   

Coming Home to Die: Six Nations of the Grand River Territory Develops Community-Based Palliative Care

This paper describes the development and implementation of a community-based palliative care program in Six Nations of the Grand River Territory, Ontario. Six Nations innovative program is grounded in their vision to provide access to quality palliative care at home and incorporate Haudenosaunee Traditional teachings. A community Project Advisory Committee led the development process, and a Leadership Team of local and regional palliative care partners led implementation. Using participatory action research, academic researchers supported activities and facilitated data collection and evaluation. Outcomes included: creation of a Palliative Shared Care Outreach Team, including a First Nation’s physician, nurse and social worker; development of a detailed care pathway for clients who need palliative care; increased home deaths (55) as compared to hospital (22) or hospice deaths (6); access to palliative care education and mentorship for local health care providers; incorporation of Traditional teachings to support clients and staff around death, dying, grief and loss; and creation of a palliative care program booklet for Six Nations Health Services.  This unique initiative reduces disparities in access to quality palliative home care and demonstrates that First Nations communities can successfully undertake a process of community capacity development to create unique and culturally responsive palliative care programs. Challenges included overcoming federal and provincial jurisdictional issues in provision of health services through collaborative partnerships at the local and regional level.