Building Cyberspace. Information, Place and Policy

Information and place have always been linked. From prehistoric forest and hydraulic expire to canal network and the networked knowledge economy, the space of flows gives rise to the way human beings perceive the world as well as to the objects they perceive. The historical relationship between information and place is important in understanding Cyberspace as a space of information that reshapes our engagement with the physical world

A low-power receiver with switched-capacitor summation DFE

A low power receiver with a one tap DFE was fabricated in 90mm CMOS technology. The speculative equalization is performed using switched-capacitor-based addition directly at the front-end sample-hold circuit. In order to further reduce the power consumption, an analog multiplexer is used in the speculation technique implementation. A quarter-rate-clocking scheme facilitates the use of low-power front-end circuitry and CMOS clock buffers. At 10Gb/s data rate, the receiver consumes less than 6.0mW from a 1.0V supply

A 6.0-mW 10.0-Gb/s Receiver With Switched-Capacitor Summation DFE

A low-power receiver with a one-tap decision feedback equalization (DFE) was fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology. The speculative equalization is performed using switched-capacitor-based addition at the front-end sample-hold circuit. In order to further reduce the power consumption, an analog multiplexer is used in the speculation technique implementation. A quarter-rate-clocking scheme facilitates the use of low-power front-end circuitry and CMOS clock buffers. The receiver was tested over channels with different levels of ISI. The signaling rate with BER<10^-12 was significantly increased with the use of DFE for short- to medium-distance PCB traces. At 10-Gb/s data rate, the receiver consumes less than 6.0 mW from a 1.0-V supply. This includes the power consumed in all quarter-rate clock buffers, but not the power of a clock recovery loop. The input clock phase and the DFE taps are adjusted externally

Content & Watkins's account of natural axiomatizations

This paper briefly recounts the importance of the notion of natural axiomatizations for explicating hypothetico-deductivism, empirical significance, theoretical reduction, and organic fertility. Problems for the account of natural axiomatizations developed by John Watkins in Science and Scepticism and the revised account developed by Elie Zahar are demonstrated. It is then shown that Watkins's account can be salvaged from various counter-examples in a principled way by adding the demand that every axiom of a natural axiomatization should be part of the content of the theory being axiomatized. The crucial point here is that content cannot simply be identified with the set of logical consequences of a theory, but must be restricted to a proper subset of the consequence set. It is concluded that the revised Watkins account has certain advantages over the account of natural axiomatizations offered in Gemes (1993)

Child care center policies and practices for management of ill children

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to 1) describe child care staff knowledge and beliefs regarding upper respiratory tract infections and antibiotic indications and 2) evaluate child care staff reported reasons for a) exclusion from child care, b) referral to a health care provider, and c) recommending antibiotics for an ill child. METHODS: A longitudinal study based in randomly selected child care centers in Massachusetts. Staff completed a survey to assess knowledge regarding common infections. For six weeks, staff completed a record of absences each day, describing the reason for an absence, and advice given to the parents regarding exclusion, referral to a health care provider, and obtaining antibiotics. Exclusions for the specific illness/symptom were defined as appropriate or inappropriate based on national guidelines. RESULTS: A large proportion of child care staff incorrectly believed that antibiotics are indicated for bronchitis (80.5%) and green rhinorrhea (80.5%) in children. For 82.2% of absences, the circumstances or reasons for the absence were discussed with a child care staff member. Of 538 absences due to illness that child care staff discussed with parents, there were 45 inappropriate exclusions (8.4% of illnesses discussed), 91 appropriate exclusions (16.9% of illnesses discussed), and 402 cases (74.7%) in which no recommendation for exclusion was made. CONCLUSIONS: Misconceptions regarding the need for antibiotics for URIs are common among child care staff. However, day care staff do not pressure parents to seek medical attention or antibiotics

Alternative Traditions in the Contemporary Arts: Subjugated Knowledges and the Balance of Power

This publication marks the twentieth anniversary of The University of Iowa\u27s Alternative Traditions in the Contemporary Arts (ATCA) project ... --title page verso. Metal spiral binding. Author is RISD Alumna. Fleet Library at RISD Alumni Collection. Curated title for Fleet Library Special Collections exhibition By Hand: Women & Books Exhibit fall, 2021.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/specialcollections_books_arthistory/1000/thumbnail.jp

HUD feedback to minimize the risk of cellular phone use and number entry while driving

There has been considerable public debate as to whether people should be allowed to use cell phones while driving. In several countries, this debate has led to restrictions on cell phone use while driving. Japanese data suggests that answering a call might be the most dangerous task, followed by dialing. Several questions were therefore selected for further investigation. 1. How does the dialing device and its location affect task time, errors, driving performance, and ratings of workload? 2. How does the location of the display (especially head-up displays) affect those same measures? 3. For various control-display combinations, how are those measures affected by driving workload? The experiment will be comprised of two distinct portions. In the first portion, subjects will drive a simulator on straight roads (implying controlled workload) while dialing a 10-digit telephone number using 6 device configurations with various displays. During the second test portion, participants will drive a simulator on roads with curves of different radii while entering phone numbers for 3 different device combinations. The following device/location configurations will be examined: (1) 10-key keypad on the steering wheel spoke, (2) 10-key keypad on the center console, (3) joystick on the steering wheel spoke, (4) joystick mounted on the center console, (5) hand held 10- key keypad, (6) a cross key on the touch screen, and (7) a 10 key keypad on the touch screen. These devices will be used for 3 display conditions: (1) head up display, (2) monitor mounted in the center console, or (3) no display.Nissan Research Centerhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92345/1/102881.pd

Patterns of Intron Gain and Loss in Fungi

Little is known about the patterns of intron gain and loss or the relative contributions of these two processes to gene evolution. To investigate the dynamics of intron evolution, we analyzed orthologous genes from four filamentous fungal genomes and determined the pattern of intron conservation. We developed a probabilistic model to estimate the most likely rates of intron gain and loss giving rise to these observed conservation patterns. Our data reveal the surprising importance of intron gain. Between about 150 and 250 gains and between 150 and 350 losses were inferred in each lineage. We discuss one gene in particular (encoding 1-phosphoribosyl-5-pyrophosphate synthetase) that displays an unusually high rate of intron gain in multiple lineages. It has been recognized that introns are biased towards the 5′ ends of genes in intron-poor genomes but are evenly distributed in intron-rich genomes. Current models attribute this bias to 3′ intron loss through a poly-adenosine-primed reverse transcription mechanism. Contrary to standard models, we find no increased frequency of intron loss toward the 3′ ends of genes. Thus, recent intron dynamics do not support a model whereby 5′ intron positional bias is generated solely by 3′-biased intron loss