Defeated heroes: constructions of masculinity in Weimar Republic battlefield notes

Drawing on fifteen battlefield novels written in Weimar Germany between 1928 and 1930, this dissertation examines various models of masculinity construction in terms of their cultural and political significance. A pioneer work, Erich Maria Remarque’s bestseller, Im Westen nichts Neues (All Quiet on the Western Front) (1928/1929), was a major provocation that unleashed a Culture War. The Dolchstoßlegende, designed to account for the defeat of the German army, had not convinced everyone, so war veterans waited for a better explanation, which Remarque and other leftist-bourgeois novelists provided. Remarque’s group also included Ludwig Renn’s Krieg (1927/28), Edlef Köppen’s Heeresbericht (1930), Ernst Johannsen’s Vier von der Infanterie (1930), Ernst Glaeser’s Jahrgang 1902 (1928), Georg von der Vring’s Soldat Suhren (completed 1923, published 1927), Karl Federn’s Hauptmann Latour (1929), and Arnold Zweig’s Der Streit um den Sergeanten Grischa (1927). Extreme opposition in this Culture War came from the right-wing militarists, including Franz Schauwecker’s Aufbruch der Nation (1929), Werner Beumelburg’s Die Gruppe Bosemüller (1930), Joseph Magnus Wehner’s Sieben vor Verdun (1930), and Hans Zöberlein’s Der Glaube an Deutschland (1931), who all sought to validate the war experience through disproportionate magnification of the German warrior-man. Alternative literary models, including Adrienne Thomas’ Die Katrin wird Soldat (1930), one of the rare war novels by a female author, as well as Theodor Plivier’s Des Kaisers Kulis (1930), and Adam Scharrer’s Vaterlandslose Gesellen (1930), reveal the war in its senseless inhumanity affecting men and women alike, thus serving as rare counterpoints to the dominant masculinist constructions. What this dissertation contributes to existing research is a new interpretive approach about how a text may play into public discourse. The prevailing images of German masculinity that had guided generations of German males were destroyed in the trenches. For ten years thereafter, war literature offered very little that individual male readers could use to reconstruct a positive image of the German man as a social and political being. Since traditional perceptions of masculinity had been shattered, literature had to take up the same war and rework its memory to have a therapeutic effect and fill this gap.Germanic Studie

Physically enhanced training for modeling rate-independent plasticity with feedforward neural networks

In recent years, a lot of progress has been made in the field of material modeling with artificial neural networks (ANNs). However, the following drawbacks persist to this day: ANNs need a large amount of data for the training process. This is not realistic, if real world experiments are intended to be used as data basis. Additionally, the application of ANN material models in finite element (FE) calculations is challenging because local material instabilities can lead to divergence within the solution algorithm. In this paper, we extend the approach of constrained neural network training from [28] to elasto-plastic material behavior, modeled by an incrementally defined feedforward neural network. Purely stress and strain dependent equality and inequality constraints are introduced, including material stability, stationarity, normalization, symmetry and the prevention of energy production. In the Appendices, we provide a comprehensive framework on how to implement these constraints in a gradient based optimization algorithm. We show, that ANN material models with training enhanced by physical constraints leads to a broader capture of the material behavior that underlies the given training data. This is especially the case, if a limited amount of data is available, which is important for a practical application. Furthermore, we show that these ANN models are superior to classically trained ANNs in FE computations when it comes to convergence behavior, stability, and physical interpretation of the results

Preliminary specification and design documentation for software components to achieve catallaxy in computational systems

This Report is about the preliminary specifications and design documentation for software components to achieve Catallaxy in computational systems. -- Die Arbeit beschreibt die Spezifikation und das Design von Softwarekomponenten, um das Konzept der Katallaxie in Grid Systemen umzusetzen. Eine Einführung ordnet das Konzept der Katallaxie in bestehende Grid Taxonomien ein und stellt grundlegende Komponenten vor. Anschließend werden diese Komponenten auf ihre Anwendbarkeit in bestehenden Application Layer Netzwerken untersucht.Grid Computing

A theoretical and computational basis for CATNETS

The main content of this report is the identification and definition of market mechanisms for Application Layer Networks (ALNs). On basis of the structured Market Engineering process, the work comprises the identification of requirements which adequate market mechanisms for ALNs have to fulfill. Subsequently, two mechanisms for each, the centralized and the decentralized case are described in this document. These build the theoretical foundation for the work within the following two years of the CATNETS project. --Grid Computing

Theoretical and Computational Basis for Economical Ressource Allocation in Application Layer Networks - Annual Report Year 1

This paper identifies and defines suitable market mechanisms for Application Layer Networks (ALNs). On basis of the structured Market Engineering process, the work comprises the identification of requirements which adequate market mechanisms for ALNs have to fulfill. Subsequently, two mechanisms for each, the centralized and the decentralized case are described in this document. --Grid Computing

Einheit der Stadt? Religion und Performanz im spätmittelalterlichen Braunschweig

Arlinghaus F-J. Einheit der Stadt? Religion und Performanz im spätmittelalterlichen Braunschweig. In: Freitag W, ed. Die Pfarre in der Stadt: Siedlungskern, Bürgerkirche, urbanes Zentrum. Städteforschung. Reihe A, Darstellungen. Vol 82. Köln: Böhlau; 2011: 77-96

Performance Evaluation - Annual Report Year 3

This report describes the work done and results obtained in third year of the CATNETS project. Experiments carried out with the different configurations of the prototype are reported and simulation results are evaluated with the CATNETS metrics framework. The applicability of the Catallactic approach as market model for service and resource allocation in application layer networks is assessed based on the results and experience gained both from the prototype development and simulations. --Grid Computing