Dictamen Técnico-Científico sobre la fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público

Se trata de una solicitud del Consejo Regional de Odontología de São Paulo (CROSP), organismo federal creado por la Ley N.º 4.324/1964, responsable de supervisar el ejercicio de las profesiones odontológicas y garantizar el cumplimiento de las normas éticas, para elaborar un Dictamen Técnico-Científico sobre la fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público, debido a la gran demanda que el organismo ha recibido sobre el tema, según consta en la solicitud realizada al Consejo Directivo de la Facultad de Salud Pública (FSP) de la Universidad de São Paulo (USP ), mediante CARTA PRES.0453/2020, de fecha 12/11/2020. En respuesta a la CROSP, el Director del FSP/USP autorizó, el 8/12/2020, la emisión del Dictamen antes mencionado. La Facultad de Salud Pública (FSP) de la Universidad de Sao Paulo (USP) tiene una larga trayectoria de colaboración con instituciones públicas y, de modo general, con la sosedad brasilera con respecto a la fluoración del agua para consumo humano, como una tecnología de salud pública para la prevención de caries dental. El 26 de noviembre de 2009, el Ministerio de Salud reconoció estos antecedentes, que se habían iniciado a mediados del siglo XX, y formalizó la instalación del Centro Colaborados en Vigilancia de Salud Bucal (CECOL) de la FSP/USP. Es así como entre las actividades de supervisión de salud bucal relacionadas al CECOL/USP se enfatizan los aspectos relacionados con la vigilancia de la fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público y temas asociados, con el objetivo de contribuir para mejorar la calidad de la gestión del sector y dotar al país de un sistema de vigilancia de la fluoración del agua que esté basado en informaciones confiables, buscando mejorar la calidad de los datos disponibles acerca de la cobertura de la fluoración en Brasil

Allelic frequencies and statistical data obtained from 12 codis STR loci in an admixed population of the Brazilian Amazon

The allelic frequencies of 12 short tandem repeat loci were obtained from a sample of 307 unrelated individuals living in Macapá, a city in the northern Amazon region, Brazil. These loci are the most commonly used in forensics and paternity testing. Based on the allele frequency obtained for the population of Macapá, we estimated an interethnic admixture for the three parental groups (European, Native American and African) of, respectively, 46%, 35% and 19%. Comparing these allele frequencies with those of other Brazilian populations and of the Iberian Peninsula population, no significant distances were observed. The interpopulation genetic distances (FST coefficients) to the present database ranged from FST = 0.0016 between Macapá and Belém to FST = 0.0036 between Macapá and the Iberian Peninsula

Increase in serotype 19A prevalence and amoxicillin non-susceptibility among paediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from middle ear fluid in a passive laboratory-based surveillance in Spain, 1997-2009

BACKGROUND: Conjugate vaccines, such as the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7), alter serotype nasopharyngeal carriage, potentially increasing cases of otitis media by non-vaccine serotypes. METHODS: All paediatric middle ear fluid (MEF) isolates received in the Spanish Reference Laboratory for Pneumococci through a passive, laboratory-based surveillance system from January 1997 to June 2009 were analysed. Data from 1997 to 2000 were pooled as pre-vaccination period. Trends over time were explored by linear regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2,077 isolates were analysed: 855 belonging to PCV7 serotypes, 466 to serotype 19A, 215 to serotype 3, 89 to serotype 6A and 452 to other serotypes ( 35% isolates) since PCV7 strains represented < 11% of total clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to reports on invasive pneumococcal strains, in MEF isolates the reduction in the prevalence of PCV7 serotypes was not associated with decreases in penicillin/erythromycin non-susceptibility. The high prevalence of serotype 19A among paediatric MEF isolates and the amoxicillin non-susceptibility found in this serotype are worrisome since amoxicillin is the most common antibiotic used in the treatment of acute otitis media. These data suggest that non-PCV7 serotypes (mainly serotype 19A followed by serotypes 3 and 6A) are important etiological agents of acute otitis media and support the added value of the broader coverage of the new 13-valent conjugate vaccine.This study was supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer S.A., Madrid, Spain and PRISM-AG, Madrid, Spain. O.R. belongs to the Spanish Network for the Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI).S

Evidências dos efeitos colaterais a longo prazo relacionaodos ao uso de anticocepcionais hormonais orais no organismo feminino

The aim of this study is to expose the side effects that the use of oral hormonal contraceptives can cause in the long term. This is a narrative review, in research on the side effects of the use of oral hormonal contraceptives, as a secondary objective, to expose questions about chemical dependence in this same public. A search for articles was carried out in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), with the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): Contraceptives; Side effects; hormone; guidelines; combined with each other using the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Selecting articles between the periods of 2014 and 2023, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, to increase the level of relevance and quality of the review, in addition to the technical-scientific basis coming from literary works renowned in history. Oral hormonal therapy against conception is, without a doubt, the most used method against pregnancy in the world, due to its easy accessibility and because it is reversible. However, few women know its contraindications and side effects, which can have irreversible consequences for these women. Due to prolonged exposure to estrogen, the medication can develop thrombolytic, neurological, gynecological and endocrine events in patients. Research on the subject must be encouraged and disseminated in the social environment, after all, the indiscriminate use of therapy is indelible in the population, corroborating a greater prevalence of side effects and ineffectiveness.El objetivo de este estudio es exponer los efectos secundarios que puede provocar a largo plazo el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales. Se trata de una revisión narrativa, en investigaciones sobre los efectos secundarios del uso de anticonceptivos hormonales orales, como objetivo secundario, para exponer interrogantes sobre la dependencia química en este mismo público. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) y Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), con los siguientes Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): Anticonceptivos; Efectos secundarios; hormona; pautas; combinados entre sí mediante los operadores booleanos "Y" y "O". Seleccionar artículos entre los períodos de 2014 y 2023, en inglés, portugués y español, para incrementar el nivel de relevancia y calidad de la reseña, además de la base técnico-científica proveniente de obras literarias de renombre en la historia. La terapia hormonal oral contra la concepción es, sin duda, el método contra el embarazo más utilizado en el mundo, por su fácil accesibilidad y porque es reversible. Sin embargo, pocas mujeres conocen sus contraindicaciones y efectos secundarios, que pueden tener consecuencias irreversibles para estas mujeres. Debido a la exposición prolongada a los estrógenos, el medicamento puede desarrollar eventos trombolíticos, neurológicos, ginecológicos y endocrinos en los pacientes. Las investigaciones sobre el tema deben ser incentivadas y difundidas en el entorno social, al fin y al cabo, el uso indiscriminado de la terapia es imborrable en la población, corroborando una mayor prevalencia de efectos secundarios e ineficacia.Objetiva-se, neste estudo, expor os efeitos colaterais que o uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais orais podem provocar a longo prazo.&nbsp;Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, na pesquisa sobre os efeitos colaterais que o uso de anticoncepcionais hormonais orais, como objetivo secundário, expor as questões acerca da dependencia quimica nesse mesmo público Foi&nbsp; realizada&nbsp; uma&nbsp; pesquisa&nbsp; de&nbsp; artigos&nbsp; nas&nbsp; bases&nbsp; de&nbsp; dados&nbsp; Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), com os&nbsp; seguintes&nbsp; Descritores&nbsp; em&nbsp; Ciências&nbsp; da&nbsp; Saúde (DeCS): Anticoncepcionais; efeitos colaterais; hormônio; orientações; combinados entre si utilizando os operadores booleanos&nbsp; "AND"&nbsp; e "OR". Selecionando artigos entre os períodos de 2014 a 2023, nos idiomas Inglês, Português e Espanhol, para ampliar o nível de relevância e a qualidade da revisão, além do embasamento técnico-científico advindo de obras literárias conceituadas pela história. A terapia hormonal oral contra a concepção é, sem dúvidas, o método mais usado no mundo contra a gestação, por sua fácil acessibilidade e por ser reversível. Contudo, poucas mulheres conhecem suas contraindicações e seus efeitos colaterais, que podem acarretar consequências irreversíveis a essas mulheres. Por conta da exposição prolongada ao estrogênio, a medicação pode desenvolver eventos trombolíticos,&nbsp; neurológicos, ginecológicos e endócrinos nas pacientes. Pesquisas acerca da temática devem ser estimuladas e disseminadas no meio social, afinal, o uso indiscriminado da terapia é indelével na população, corroborando para maior prevalência de efeitos colaterais e ineficácia

Aspectos médicos sobre os tumores ovarianos de Borderline: condições patológicas

The objective of this study is to expose the main concepts about borderline ovarian tumors and their pathological aspects. And, as secondary objectives, to evaluate the diagnostic measures, prognoses and treatment of these tumors, in addition to tracing the epidemiological profile of the affected patients. A review of articles was carried out in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and PubMed databases, with the following Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS): Tumor; Borderline ovarian tumor; Revision. Selecting articles between the periods of 1996 to 2023, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. In summary, early histological diagnosis and assessment of disease staging are essential for a favorable prognosis against the disease, in addition to adequate surgical therapy. Observational and surgical studies are necessary for the improvement of techniques and the evolution of medical management against borderline tumors.El objetivo de este estudio es exponer los principales conceptos sobre los tumores de ovario borderline y sus aspectos patológicos. Y, como objetivos secundarios, evaluar las medidas diagnósticas, pronóstico y tratamiento de estos tumores, además de trazar el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes afectados. Se realizó una revisión de artículos en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) y PubMed, con los siguientes Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS): Tumor; Tumor de ovario borderline; Revisión. Selección de artículos entre los períodos de 1996 a 2023, en inglés, portugués y español. En resumen, el diagnóstico histológico temprano y la evaluación de la estadificación de la enfermedad son fundamentales para un pronóstico favorable de la enfermedad, además de una adecuada terapia quirúrgica. Los estudios observacionales y quirúrgicos son necesarios para la mejora de las técnicas y la evolución del manejo médico frente a los tumores borderline.Objetiva-se, neste estudo, expor os principais conceitos acerca dos tumores ovarianos de Borderlinee seus aspectos patológicos. E, como objetivos secundários, avaliar as medidas de diagnóstico, prognósticos e tratamento desses tumores, além de traçar o perfil epidemiológico das pacientes acometidas.&nbsp;Foi realizada uma revisão de artigos nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e PubMed, com os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Tumor; Tumor borderline de ovário; Revisão. Selecionando artigos entre os períodos de 1996 a 2023, nos idiomas Inglês, Português e Espanhol. Em síntese, o diagnóstico histológico precoce e a avaliação do estadiamento da doença são fundamentais para o prognóstico favorável contra a doença, além da terapêutica cirúrgica adequada. Estudos observacionais e cirúrgicos são necessários para o aprimoramento das técnicas e evolução do manejo médico contra o tumore de Borderline.&nbsp

SOIL QUALITY IN RELATION TO FOREST CONVERSION TO PERENNIAL OR ANNUAL CROPPING IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Many forested areas have been converted to intensive agricultural use to satisfy food, fiber, and forage production for a growing world population. There is great interest in evaluating forest conversion to cultivated land because this conversion adversely affects several soil properties. We examined soil microbial, physical, and chemical properties in an Oxisol (Latossolo Vermelho distrófico) of southern Brazil 24 years after forest conversion to a perennial crop with coffee or annual grain crops (maize and soybeans) in conventional tillage or no-tillage. One goal was to determine which soil quality parameters seemed most sensitive to change. A second goal was to test the hypothesis that no-tillage optimized preservation of soil quality indicators in annual cropping systems on converted land. Land use significantly affected microbial biomass and its activity, C and N mineralization, and aggregate stability by depth. Cultivated sites had lower microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N than a forest used as control. The forest and no-tillage sites had higher microbial biomass and mineralizable C and N than the conventional tillage site, and the metabolic quotient was 65 and 43 % lower, respectively. Multivariate analysis of soil microbial properties showed a clear separation among treatments, displaying a gradient from conventional tillage to forest. Although the soil at the coffee site was less disturbed and had a high organic C content, the microbial activity was low, probably due to greater soil acidity and Al toxicity. Under annual cropping, microbial activity in no-tillage was double that of the conventional tillage management. The greater microbial activity in forest and no-tillage sites may be attributed, at least partially, to lower soil disturbance. Reducing soil disturbance is important for soil C sequestration and microbial activity, although control of soil pH and Al toxicity are also essential to maintain the soil microbial activity high