Luminescence in anodic Zr'O IND.2' doped with Eu(III)ions

Photoluminescence and structure properties of anodically prepared ZrO2 oxide films doped with Europium (III) ions were investigated. Microstructural analysis reveals that the predominant crystallographic structure is the monoclinic phase with small quantities of tetragonal and cubic phases. Important crystallite size and isotropic strain are observed for the monoclinic phase and they are related to the incorporation of Europium (III) ions inside the oxide matrix. The photoluminescence spectrum reveals a broad emission band in the range between 350–650 nm related to the ZrO2. Emission lines corresponding to transitions from the lowest emitting 5D0 level of Eu(III) to several sublevels of the ground state level 7F0, 1, 2, 3, 4 were also observed.FAPESPCNP

Microstructural, morphological and optical characterization of anodic zro2 films

In this work, we described some of the anodic ZrO2 properties such as microstructure, morphology and luminescence. The microstructural analysis during the breakdown process reveals that the oxide nature is similar to those oxides prepared by other methods. Nevertheless, a transition in the breakdown region is associated with the presence of crystallographic phases not stable at ambient temperature (tetragonal metastable phase). These results were explained in terms of changes in the crystallite size and microstructural of the oxide during the breakdown process. The morphology of the anodic oxides reveals a surface contained a high distribution of blisters structure. The adsorption of oxygen gas originated from the electrolysis of water modifies the oxide morphology at that spots location. A broad emission band between 350-600 nm is observed in ZrO2 films when excited at 325 nm. The origin and nature of this emission is proposed to be related to the existence of structure defects (F-centers and Zr3+ ions) inside the oxide generated during the breakdown process. Theories about the breakdown mechanism and the analyses of the Rapid Thermal Annealing and EPR data reinforced this proposition. The work was finalized with the production of anodic doped ZrO2 with Eu3+. The microstructural analysis reveals that these luminescent ions are located inside the oxide matrix and the anodic doping was explained in terms of the breakdown process.Universidade Federal de Sao CarlosNeste trabalho descrevemos algumas das propriedades do ZrO2 anódico, entre elas sua microestrutura, sua morfologia e sua luminescência. O estudo da microestrutura deste óxido anódico durante o processo de ruptura revelou que sua natureza é semelhante àqueles obtidos por outros métodos de síntese. Entretanto, uma transição na região de ruptura demonstra o aparecimento de fases não estáveis em temperatura ambiente (fase tetragonal metaestável). Estes resultados foram explicados em termos de variações no tamanho de cristalito e na microdeformação dos óxidos durante o processo de ruptura. A morfologia dos filmes de óxido de zircônio revelou uma superfície distribuída por estruturas semelhantes a bolhas que surgem após uma determinada densidade de carga. A adsorção de bolhas de oxigênio proveniente da eletrólise da água modifica a morfologia do óxido formado nestes locais. Uma banda larga de emissão entre 350 e 600 nm é observada nos filmes de ZrO2 quando excitados em 325nm. A natureza e a origem desta emissão é proposta como sendo conseqüência da existência de defeitos estruturais (centros-F e íons Zr3+) gerados durante a ruptura eletrolítica. As teorias sobre o mecanismo de ruptura e as interpretações de medidas de Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) e REP reforçaram estas propostas. O trabalho foi finalizado com a obtenção do ZrO2 dopado anodicamente com íons Eu3+. A análise microestrutural destes óxidos revelou que estes íons luminescentes estavam incorporados na matriz do óxido e sua dopagem foi explicada em termos do mecanismo de dopagem anódica

Zirconium oxide anodic films: Optical and structural properties

The photoluminescence of anodically prepared ZrO(2) films was investigated. Morphological and microstructural analyses reveal an oxide surface covered by a high distribution of blisters and the major crystallographic structure is the monoclinic phase with small quantities of tetragonal phase. The photoluminescence reveals a broad emission band in the range between 350 and 650 nm. It was proposed that the photoluminescence mechanism is originated from the emission of a recombination center related to defects (oxygen vacancies) formed during Zr anodization. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

First record of larvae of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) as prey of Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), an ectosymbiont on larvae of Corydalidae (Megaloptera)

First record of larvae of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) as prey of Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), an ectosymbiont on larvae of Corydalidae (Megaloptera). This study constitutes the first record of Temnocephala Blanchard, an ectosymbiont on Corydalidae, as a possible predator of chironomid larvae. Twenty-eight Corydalidae larvae (Corydalus and Protochauliodes) were examined under stereomicroscopic in search for Temnocephala and Chironomidae larvae, of which five megalopteran larvae had 24 Temnocephala sp. associated. Furthermore, eight of these Temnocephala worms had chironomid larvae in their gut contents, an interaction previously unknown. Gut content analyses revealed Corynoneura as the commonest chironomid, but larvae of Larsia, Rheotanytarsus and Tanytarsus were recorded as well. This study included Corydalus and Protochauliodes as hosts for Temnocephala, which might be important for this worm dispersion and population dynamics

First record of larvae of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) as prey of Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), an ectosymbiont on larvae of Corydalidae (Megaloptera) Primeiro registro de larvas de Chironomidae como presas de Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), um ectosimbionte de larvas de Corydalidae (Maegaloptera)

First record of larvae of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) as prey of Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), an ectosymbiont on larvae of Corydalidae (Megaloptera). This study constitutes the first record of Temnocephala Blanchard, an ectosymbiont on Corydalidae, as a possible predator of chironomid larvae. Twenty-eight Corydalidae larvae (Corydalus and Protochauliodes) were examined under stereomicroscopic in search for Temnocephala and Chironomidae larvae, of which five megalopteran larvae had 24 Temnocephala sp. associated. Furthermore, eight of these Temnocephala worms had chironomid larvae in their gut contents, an interaction previously unknown. Gut content analyses revealed Corynoneura as the commonest chironomid, but larvae of Larsia, Rheotanytarsus and Tanytarsus were recorded as well. This study included Corydalus and Protochauliodes as hosts for Temnocephala, which might be important for this worm dispersion and population dynamics.Primeiro registro de larvas de Chironomidae como presas de Temnocephala sp. (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), um ectosimbionte de larvas de Corydalidae (Maegaloptera). Este estudo constitui o primeiro registro de Temnocephala Blanchard (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae), um ectosimbionte em larvas de Megaloptera, como um possível predador de larvas de Chironomidae. Vinte e oito larvas de Corydalidae (Corydalus e Protochauliodes) foram examinadas sobre estereomicroscópio na busca por Temnocephala e larvas de Chironomidae, das quais cinco larvas de Megaloptera continham 24 Temnocephala sp. associadas. Além disso, oito Temnocephala possuíam em seu conteúdo estomacal larvas de Chironomidae, uma interação desconhecida anteriormente. A análise do conteúdo estomacal revelou Corynoneura como o quironomídeo mais abundante, e também algumas larvas de Larsia, Rheotanytarsus e Tanytarsus. Este estudo inclui Corydalus e Protochauliodes como hospedeiros de Temnocephala, os quais podem ser importantes para a dispersão e dinâmica populacional desses vermes

COMPARISON AND CONSTRUCTION OF "MILD" AND "HARD" ANODISATION REACTORS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF POROUS ALUMINA

The mild anodization (MA) reactor is exemplified for its operational simplicity and its excellent control over the experimental parameters that are involved in the anodization process. This method provides porous anodic alumina films with a regular cell-arrangement structure. This offers a better cost-benefit ratio than the other equipment configurations that are used to fabricate nanoporous structures (i.e., ion beam lithography). Conversely, the hard anodization (HA) reactor produces oxides at a rate that is 25 to 35 times faster than the MA reactor. The produced oxides also have greater layer thicknesses and interpore distance, and with a uniform nanopore spatial order (> 1000). In contrast to MA reactors, the construction of an HA reactor requires special components to maintain anodisation at a high potential regime. Herein, we describe and compare both reactors from a technical viewpoint

Nanostructured Anodic Copper Oxides as Catalysts in Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Reactions

Recently, nanostructured copper oxides formed via anodizing have been intensively researched due to their potential catalytic applications in emerging issues. The anodic Cu2O and CuO nanowires or nanoneedles are attractive photo- and electrocatalysts since they show wide array of desired electronic and morphological features, such as highly-developed surface area. In CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction (CO2RR) copper and copper-based nanostructures indicate unique adsorption properties to crucial reaction intermediates. Furthermore, anodized copper-based materials enable formation of C2+ hydrocarbons and alcohols with enhanced selectivity. Moreover, anodic copper oxides provide outstanding turnover frequencies in electrochemical methanol oxidation at lowered overpotentials. Therefore, they can be considered as precious metals electrodes substituents in direct methanol fuel cells. Additionally, due to the presence of Cu(III)/Cu(II) redox couple, these materials find application as electrodes for non-enzymatic glucose sensors. In photoelectrochemistry, Cu2O-CuO heterostructures of anodic copper oxides with highly-developed surface area are attractive for water splitting. All the above-mentioned aspects of anodic copper oxides derived catalysts with state-of-the-art background have been reviewed within this paper