Memoria del cuarto encuentro internacional sobre el poder en el pasado y el presente de América Latina

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en señalar algunos elementos imprescindibles para comprender cómo ha evolucionado, desde 1800 hasta el presente y en el actual territorio del Estado de México, un tipo de colectividad humana que en la Nueva España se institucionalizó bajo la denominación de pueblo de indios

Memoria del segundo congreso internacional sobre paz, democracia y desarrollo

El presente texto analiza algunos de los principales acontecimientos políticos en Venezuela ocurridos entre 2004, cuando se produjeron transformaciones importantes en la institución superior del poder judicial, y 2007, año que se cierra con la celebración de un referéndum que pretendía introducir cambios constitucionales de gran significación. Sin embargo, el apego a esta delimitación temporal no es totalmente estricto, pues en ocasiones, para contextualizar lo sucedido en el periodo estudiado, se maneja información anterior a 2004 y, para mostrar sus consecuencias, se incluyen datos relativos a los primeros meses de 2008. Este estudio se basa sobre todo en información periodística; en especial se rastreó sistemáticamente la proporcionada por el semanario Informe Latinoamericano, editado por una de las actualmente más relevantes empresas de información sobre América Latina, Latin American Newsletters, por lo que no ha sido necesario emplear un aparato crítico convencional

Calibrating the Na\"ive Cornell Model with NRQCD

Along the years, the Cornell Model has been extraordinarily successful in describing hadronic phenomenology, in particular in physical situations for which an effective theory of the strong interactions such as NRQCD cannot be applied. As a consequence of its achievements, a relevant question is whether its model parameters can somehow be related to fundamental constants of QCD. We shall give a first answer in this article by comparing the predictions of both approaches. Building on results from a previous study on heavy meson spectroscopy, we calibrate the Cornell model employing NRQCD predictions for the lowest-lying bottomonium states up to N$^3$LO, in which the bottom mass is varied within a wide range. We find that the Cornell model mass parameter can be identified, within perturbative uncertainties, with the MSR mass at the scale $R = 1\,$GeV. This identification holds for any value of $\alpha_s$ or the bottom mass, and for all perturbative orders investigated. Furthermore, we show that: a) the "string tension" parameter is independent of the bottom mass, and b) the Coulomb strength $\kappa$ of the Cornell model can be related to the QCD strong coupling constant $\alpha_s$ at a characteristic non-relativistic scale. We also show how to remove the $u=1/2$ renormalon of the static QCD potential and sum-up large logs related to the renormalon subtraction by switching to the low-scale, short-distance MSR mass, and using R-evolution. Our R-improved expression for the static potential remains independent of the heavy quark mass value and agrees with lattice QCD results for values of the radius as large as $0.8\,$fm, and with the Cornell model potential at long distances. Finally we show that for moderate values of $r$, the R-improved NRQCD and Cornell static potentials are in head-on agreement.Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures, 3 table

Molecular components in P-wave charmed-strange mesons

Results obtained by various experiments show that the $D_{s0}^{\ast}(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ mesons are very narrow states located below the $DK$ and $D^{\ast}K$ thresholds, respectively. This is markedly in contrast with the expectations of naive quark models and heavy quark symmetry. Motivated by a recent lattice study which addresses the mass shifts of the $c\bar{s}$ ground states with quantum numbers $J^{P}=0^{+}$ ($D_{s0}^{\ast}(2317)$) and $J^{P}=1^{+}$ ($D_{s1}(2460)$) due to their coupling with $S$-wave $D^{(\ast)}K$ thresholds, we perform a similar analysis within a nonrelativistic constituent quark model in which quark-antiquark and meson-meson degrees of freedom are incorporated. The quark model has been applied to a wide range of hadronic observables and thus the model parameters are completely constrained. The coupling between quark-antiquark and meson-meson Fock components is done using a $^{3}P_{0}$ model in which its only free parameter $\gamma$ has been elucidated performing a global fit to the decay widths of mesons that belong to different quark sectors, from light to heavy. We observe that the coupling of the $0^{+}$ $(1^{+})$ meson sector to the $DK$ $(D^{\ast}K)$ threshold is the key feature to simultaneously lower the masses of the corresponding $D_{s0}^{\ast}(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ states predicted by the naive quark model and describe the $D_{s1}(2536)$ meson as the $1^{+}$ state of the $j_{q}^{P}=3/2^{+}$ doublet predicted by heavy quark symmetry, reproducing its strong decay properties. Our calculation allows to introduce the coupling with the $D$-wave $D^{\ast}K$ channel and the computation of the probabilities associated with the different Fock components of the physical state.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 7 table

Strange hidden-charm PψsΛ(4459)P_{\psi s}^\Lambda(4459) and PψsΛ(4338)P_{\psi s}^\Lambda(4338) pentaquarks and additional PψsΛP_{\psi s}^\Lambda, PψsΣP_{\psi s}^\Sigma and PψssNP_{\psi ss}^N candidates in a quark model approach

Hidden-charm pentaquark-like $P_{\psi s}^\Lambda(4459)^0$ and $P_{\psi s}^\Lambda(4338)$ resonances are studied in a constituent quark model as molecular meson-baryon structures. Such states are found in the $J^P(I)=\frac{1}{2}^-(0)$ channel with masses and widths compatible with the experimental measurements in a coupled-channels calculation with all the parameters constrained from previous studies. Other candidates are explored in the $J^P=\frac{1}{2}^-$, $\frac{3}{2}^-$ and $\frac{5}{2}^-$ channels, with isospins $0$ ($P_{\psi s}^\Lambda$) and $1$ ($P_{\psi s}^\Sigma$). Additionally, the formalism is extended to study the $P_{\psi ss}^N$ pentaquark, where eight candidates are predicted as $\bar D_s \Xi_c$ molecules in $I=\frac{1}{2}$, with $J^P=\frac{1}{2}^-$, $\frac{3}{2}^-$ and $\frac{5}{2}^-$.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, 8 table

Relaciones de Poder en el Estado de México. Ayer y Hoy.

El presente trabajo pretende contribuir al conocimiento de la historia de la geografía política del actual territorio del Estado de México (hoy, con poco más de 17 millones de habitantes, la entidad federativa más poblada de la República Mexicana) desde 1825 hasta el presente; es decir, a lo largo del lapso en que ha estado vigente una estructura político-territorial a la que denominamos municipal para distinguirla de la estructura político-territorial novohispana que le precedió

Click to learn, learn to click: undergraduate synthetic organic chemistry experiments

The optimization of an undergraduate experiment for Organic Chemistry students is described to explore the concept of click chemistry. The preparation of a terminal fluorescent alkyne and an organic azide is reported consisting of simple steps. These are employed in the Cu(I)-catalized azide-alkyne cycloaddition to obtain a novel molecule containing a triazole ring whose characterization allows the students to practice a variety of techniques: NMR (1H, 13C, COSY and HSQC), melting point, thin layer chromatography, IR, fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to confirm the structure of their obtained product. An alternative methodology in a one-pot reaction is also explored and a full laboratory manual provided.FQM-208. GlycoChemBio: Glycochemistry and Bioconjugatio