Tooth loss and associated factors in adolescents : impact of extractions for orthodontic reason

Aim: To investigate tooth loss and its determinants in adolescents, considering the effect of extractions due to orthodontics reasons. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in students from public and private schools aged 15-19 years old from Passo Fundo, Brazil. The proportional randomly chosen sample included 736 adolescents. Clinical examinations and interviews were performed. Associations between prevalence of tooth loss and exposure variables studied were analysed by Poisson Regression with uni- and multivariate robust variance in two models. One model comprised students who had experienced tooth loss without orthodontic reasons and the other with all of the subjects presenting tooth loss. Results: Prevalence of tooth loss was 21.1% (mean of 0.42). Higher chances for tooth loss were found in the following features: non-whites (PR=1.72; CI95%:1.15-2.60), poorly schooling mothers (PR=2.2; CI95%:0.96-5.02), from public schools (PR=4.16; CI95%:0.98-17.59), smokers (PR=1.91; CI95%:1.15-3.17). Conclusion:Demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural conditions were strongly associated with tooth loss. These associations were more evident when extractions for orthodontic reasons were not included in the analytical models

Fatty acid characterization of cyanobacterial strains isolated from vela lake and mondego river rice fields (central-western, Portugal)

It is know that cyanobacterial taxonomic groups are characterized by particular lipid patterns that can be used as their biological markers. The present study examined the fatty acid composition of nostocacean heterocystous cyanobacterial strains isolated from Central-western Portuguese freshwater shallow water bodies, namely Vela Lake and rice fields from Mondego River Basin. Morphological characterization showed that strains from Vela Lake belonged to Aphanizomenon gracile (strains UADFA16 and UADFA18), Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (strain UADFA15) and Anabaena cf. solitaria (strain UADFA14) species, whereas rice field strains belonged to Anabaena cylindrica (strain UTAD_A212) and Nostoc muscorum (strain UTAD_N213). Biochemical characterization inferred from lipid analysis showed that predominant fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the lipids of the strains were palmitic, oleic and α-linolenic, with trace amounts of myristic and C20 polyunsaturated FAMEs. To our knowledge, there is almost no information about lipid composition in freshwater cyanobacterial species living in different habitats in Portugal. Therefore, this limnological study is a contribution to our investigation on freshwater diazotrophic cyanobacteria

Determination of the Drag Coefficient of an Autonomous Solar Lighting Column Using Wind Tunnel Simulation and Computational Analysis

The Sun is the largest source of energy available and many studies for the development of technologies capable of harnessing this energy are constantly being conducted. Among the technologies developed are photovoltaic solar panels that have many applications and among them are the autonomous solar lighting columns that have been growing in popularity especially in urban and industrial environments. These columns are installed in open regions and have their structure exposed to the mechanical actions imposed by the wind, so they need to be correctly designed to support them. There are aerodynamic variables that must be determined for the design of these columns, especially the drag coefficient, a property linked to the geometry  of a body, which represents its interaction with a flowing fluid. Due to the complexity of determining these variables, experimental methods are constantly used to obtain these values. Classically, wind tunnel simulations are used for this purpose, but they can be expensive and difficult to perform. Fluid dynamic computational analysis has been widely applied to replace physical analysis. In this work, the drag coefficient of an autonomous solar lighting column is determined by wind tunnel simulations and computational analysis. With the obtained results, a comparison is made to verify  the fidelity of the data obtained by computational means when compared to those obtained through the wind tunnel simulations. Keywords: Drag coefficient, Wind tunnel simulations, Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis, Autonomous solar lighting column

New limonene-hybrid derivatives with anti-T. cruzi activity

The development of hybrid compounds containing limonene- and recognized anti-T. cruzi-heterocycle-frameworks is described. The six new compounds displayed broad antitrypanosomal activities having 5-nitrofuran and 5-nitroindazole derivatives, the best profiles. In addition, a 5-nitroindazole derivative evaluated against a panel of fungi exhibited relevant activities. Knowing that free-radical-production operates as one of the mechanisms of action on these heterocycles, we studied a potential extra-mechanism, membrane-sterols changes. Non-relevant T. cruzi squalene accumulation was observed for any of the tested hybrid-limonene derivatives. © 2010 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.Fil: Alvarez, Guzmán. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Gerpe, Alejandra. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Benitez, Diego. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Garibotto, Francisco Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; ArgentinaFil: Zacchino, Susana Alicia Stella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; ArgentinaFil: Graebin, Cedric Stephan. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Gomes da Rosa, Ricardo. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Eifler Lima, Vera. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: González, Mercedes. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Cerecetto, Hugo. Universidad de la República; Urugua

Irreversible atrophy in memory brain regions over 7 years is predicted by glycemic control in type 2 diabetes without mild cognitive impairment

Memory-related impairments in type 2 diabetes may be mediated by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Previous cross-sectional studies have controversially suggested a relationship between metabolic control and a decrease in hippocampal volumes, but only longitudinal studies can test this hypothesis directly. We performed a longitudinal morphometric study to provide a direct test of a possible role of higher levels of glycated hemoglobin with long term brain structural integrity in key regions of the memory system – hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and fusiform gyrus. Grey matter volume was measured at two different times – baseline and after ~7 years. We found an association between higher initial levels of HbA1C and grey matter volume loss in all three core memory regions, even in the absence of mild cognitive impairment. Importantly, these neural effects persisted in spite of the fact that patients had significantly improved their glycemic control. This suggests that early high levels of HbA1c might be irreversibly associated with subsequent long-term atrophy in the medial temporal cortex and that early intensive management is critical

Descriptive molecular epidemiology study of Giardia duodenalis in children of Parana State, Brazil

Background and aims: We investigated the children of Parana State, Brazil the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and the associated factors involved in the transmission of intestinal parasites, and we genotyped the Giardia duodenalis isolates obtained. Methods: Fecal samples were analyzed by established microscopic methods. G. duodenalis positive samples were subjected to genotypic characterization by PCR amplification of sequences of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene (gdh) and by enzymatic digestion with the restriction enzyme NlaIV for classification of genotypes. Results: Of the 877 samples tested, 41% were positive for some intestinal parasitosis, the most common being the presence of protozoa (87.8%). Lack of basic sanitation and poor health education were associated for the intestinal parasite cases found, and the only associated factor for giardiasis was low family income. The G. duodenalis assemblages of gdh amplified samples were 68.6% B and 31.4% AII. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the importance of epidemiological studies for the development of effective strategies with the aim of decreasing the incidence of intestinal parasites in children. Moreover, these results contribute to our knowledge of G. duodenalis assemblages circulating in the world and also offer support for future work on the molecular and clinical aspects of giardiasis

Agro-economic profitability of sweet potato cultivars as a function of the harvest age and times of cultivation in the semi-arid

The objective of this work was to evaluate the profitability of sweet potato cultivars, harvested at different ages and cultivated in different periods (rainy and dry) in the municipality of Mossoró, semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and treatments arranged in split plots scheme. The plots were composed of three sweet potato cultivars (ESAM 1, Paraná and Mother of Family) and the subplots for five harvest ages (90 , 105, 120, 135 and 150 days after transplanting - DAT). Productivity of commercial roots and production costs was evaluated, as well as the economic indicators: gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin. Independently of the growing periods, the productivity of commercial roots increased with the later harvest of the crop and differentiated the cultivars. Production costs averaged R$6,087.97 ha-1 in the rainy season and R$ 6,181.42 ha-1 in the dry period. Labor expenditures were the most impacting of total expenditures. The cultivars ESAM 1 and Paraná presented higher productivities of commercial roots and profitability when cultivated in the rainy season, while Paraná cultivar was superior to the other cultivars in the crop in the dry season. In both growing periods, the harvest age of 150 DAT promoted higher productivities of commercial roots and profitability to sweet potato production

Mudanças em Índices Biofísicos Envido à Alteração da Cobertura do Solo em Área Nativa de Cerrado em Mato Grosso

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460X16145The replacement of natural forests to monoculture can cause changes in local and regional climate due to changes in net radiation and energy exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in biophysical indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), albedo, temperature and net radiation of the surface due to the change of land cover in native Cerrado area in Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso State. We obtained Landsat 5 TM images to calculate the biophysical indices in protected and deforested areas. The NDVI of the protected area was 72% higher, the surface albedo was 56.1% lower and the surface temperature was 39.2% lower than in the deforested area. Thus, the balance of daily radiation in the protected was 6.6% higher than in the deforested area, which showed that conversion of native Cerrado area modifies the net radiation exchange between the surface and the atmosphere.A substituição de florestas naturais para o cultivo de monoculturas pode provocar alterações no clima local e regional devido às mudanças nas trocas líquidas de radiação e energia entre a superfície e a atmosfera. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar mudanças em índices biofísicos como o Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), albedo da superfície, temperatura da superfície e saldo de radiação da superfície devido à alteração da cobertura do solo em área nativa de Cerrado em Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso. Para tanto foram obtidas imagens TM Landsat 5 para calcular os índices biofísicos de uma área com reserva legal e área desmatada de Cerrado. O NDVI da área de reserva legal foi 72% maior, o albedo da superfície 56,1% menor, a temperatura da superfície 39,2% menor que na área desmatada. Dessa forma, o saldo de radiação diário na área de reserva legal foi 6,6% maior que na área desmatada, demonstrando que a conversão da área nativa de Cerrado modifica as trocas líquidas de radiação entre a superfície e a atmosfera

IMPACTO DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SERVIÇO DE HEMODINÂMICA DO HUGOL NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS NOS CUIDADOS AO PACIENTE COM INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO

Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) are projected to cause 23.6 million deaths globally by 2030. In 2008, ACS led to nearly 1 million hospitalizations in Brazil, according to DATASUS. In 2018, the state of Goiás established a reference center for ACS treatment at the Governor Otávio Lage de Siqueira Emergency State Hospital (HUGOL) in Goiânia. This study aimed to assess the impact of implementing the hemodynamics service at HUGOL on ACS patient mortality. The observational, epidemiological, descriptive, and time series study analyzed hospitalization, death, and mortality rates for ACS patients in Goiás from January 2008 to December 2019. Data were collected from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS) and Mortality Information System (SIM/SUS). Mortality rates in Goiás and Goiânia showed no reduction, indicating a significant increasing trend (R2 >0.65), with the state's rate surpassing Goiânia's, consistent with literature reporting lower rates in capitals. Notably, there was a significant rise in hospitalizations at both national and international levels. The average cost per patient increased, possibly due to the lack of monetary correction, confirming the global trend of rising expenditures over time. Procedures experienced a significant increase in their performance (R2=0.79), accompanied by a rise in absolute numbers of deaths, while the mortality rate remained stable. Despite the implementation of the Hemodynamics Service at HUGOL in Goiânia, ACS mortality rates in Goiás and Goiânia continued to exhibit an increasing trend. This suggests that the intensified use of invasive procedures has not yet been sufficient to alter the epidemiology of these diseases in the state.As síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA) serão responsáveis por 23,6 milhões de óbitos no mundo até o ano de 2030. Além disso, de acordo com o DATASUS, foi responsável por quase 1 milhão de internações no Brasil em 2008. O Estado de Goiás implantou um centro de referência para tratamento de pacientes com SCA em 2018, no Hospital Estadual de Urgências Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e descrever o impacto da implantação do serviço de hemodinâmica do HUGOL, situado em Goiânia-GO, com relação à mortalidade de pacientes com SCA. Para tanto foi realizado um estudo observacional, epidemiológico, descritivo, de série temporal, onde serão descritos os dados de internações, óbitos e taxa de mortalidade de pacientes com SCA, no Estado de Goiás, entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2019. Todos os dados serão obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS) e do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM/SUS). As taxas de mortalidade, em Goiás e em Goiânia, no período analisado não tiveram reduções, com tendência de aumento significativo (R2 >0,65), sendo a taxa do estado superior à de Goiânia, consoante a literatura com menores índices em capitais. No que se refere ao número de internações notou-se aumento significativo de internações, aumento que é visualizado também a nível nacional e internacional. O valor médio gasto por paciente subiu, podendo explicar pela ausência de correção monetária, mas confirma a tendência temporal de aumento de gastos a nível mundial. Os procedimentos tiveram aumento significativo em suas realizações (R2=0,79), acompanhado em aumento em números absolutos no número de óbitos, com estabilidade da taxa de mortalidade. As taxas de mortalidade por SCA em Goiás e em Goiânia, mesmo com a implantação do Serviço de Hemodinâmica do HUGOL em Goiânia-GO, continuaram com uma tendência de aumento, sugerindo que a maior realização de procedimentos invasivos ainda não foi suficiente para mudar a epidemiologia destas doenças no Estado