490 research outputs found
O conceito de tempo na percepção de crianças e adolescentes
Introduction: Children and adolescents use different markers to elaborate the concept of time, and such markers change along their development. The objective of the present article was to analyze changes in time concepts in different age groups. Methods: The study included 81 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years, attending elementary or high school at a public school in southern Brazil. Participants were asked to provide their definition of time, either orally (children) or in writing (older children and adolescents). Results: Twenty-one words were identified as related with the definition of time. The term âhoursâ was the most frequently cited (24.7%), followed by âclockâ and âfamilyâ (11.1% each). Among children aged 6 to 8 years, âfamilyâ was the term most frequently mentioned to refer to time. Between 9 to 11 years of age, the notion of time was essentially related to the use of a clock, and in the 12-17-year age group, time was mostly associated with the word âdays.â The word âfamilyâ appears to be a frequent temporal marker in childhood, but loses this function during adolescence, as new social relationships are established. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the concept of time varies according to age. Chronobiological studies should therefore take into consideration the temporal perception peculiar to each age group.Introdução: Crianças e adolescentes utilizam diferentes marcadores para a construção do conceito de tempo, os quais se modificam ao longo do desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar mudanças em conceitos temporais e suas transiçÔes ao longo da idade. Material e mĂ©todos: Participaram do estudo 81 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 6 e 17 anos, estudantes do ensino mĂ©dio e fundamental de uma escola pĂșblica do sul do Brasil. Solicitou-se aos participantes que informassem sua definição de tempo, verbalmente (crianças) ou por escrito (crianças mais velhas e adolescentes). Resultados: Foram identificadas 21 palavras relacionadas com a definição de tempo. O termo âhorasâ foi o mais citado (24,7%), seguido de ârelĂłgioâ e âfamĂliaâ (11,1% cada). Entre 6 e 8 anos, o termo âfamĂliaâ foi o mais frequentemente mencionado para se referir ao tempo. Entre 9 e 11 anos, a noção de tempo esteve relacionada ao uso do relĂłgio, e entre 12 e 17 anos, o tempo foi associado principalmente Ă palavra âdiasâ. Na infĂąncia, o termo âfamĂliaâ Ă© um marcador temporal recorrente, mas perde tal significado na adolescĂȘncia, Ă medida que surgem novas relaçÔes sociais. ConclusĂŁo: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que o conceito de tempo varia conforme a idade. Portanto, estudos cronobiolĂłgicos devem considerar a percepção temporal prĂłpria para cada faixa etĂĄria
La pĂ©rinatalitĂ© au QuĂ©bec : Une sĂ©rie dâĂ©tudes significatives Ă plusieurs Ă©gards
Dans un premier temps, cet article prĂ©sente briĂšvement le contexte historique des services pĂ©rinatals au QuĂ©bec, en particulier depuis les annĂ©es 1970 oĂč ce contexte s'est assez profondĂ©ment modifiĂ©. Il passe ensuite en revue les cinq Ă©tudes qui composent la sĂ©rie La pĂ©rinatalitĂ© au QuĂ©bec et se termine par quelques constats d'ensemble sur ces ouvrages quant Ă leur valeur intrinsĂšque et Ă leur signification dans l'histoire des services pĂ©rinatals quĂ©bĂ©cois
Genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein-1 and merozoite surface protein-2 in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
Purification and Properties of Putrescine Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferase from Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum
The phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway is involved in cathepsin G-induced human platelet activation: comparison with thrombin
Les niveaux du Paléolithique supérieur à la grotte du Bison (Arcy-sur-Cure, Yonne) : couches a à d
La grotte du Bison est prĂ©sentĂ©e dans son cadre gĂ©ologique et son Ă©volution au cours du temps est proposĂ©e. Les niveaux du PalĂ©olithique supĂ©rieur conservĂ©s dans cette cavitĂ© se situent entre un ChĂątelperronien rĂ©cent et un niveau post-Gravettien.Lâanalyse pollinique des sĂ©diments montre une succession de phases steppiques sĂ©parĂ©es par plusieurs hiatus qui correspondent vraisemblablement Ă des amĂ©liorations climatiques. La prĂ©sence de niveaux caractĂ©risĂ©s par une abondance de Chardons (Carduaceae) permet dâĂ©tablir de fortes corrĂ©lations entre la couche D du Bison et la couche VIII du Renne, celle des ours corroborant cette hypothĂšse dans les deux grottes. Les autres Ă©tudes palĂ©oenvironnementales mettent en Ă©vidence un contexte climatique qui Ă©volue de la steppe froide Ă la steppe trĂšs froide « à mammouths ». La faune est dominĂ©e par les ours et les oiseaux proviennent pour la plupart de pelotes de rĂ©gurgitation de rapaces nocturnes dont lâun dâeux devait ĂȘtre spĂ©cialisĂ© dans la capture des Cincles plongeurs. L'Ă©tude du matĂ©riel lithique du D montre un dĂ©ficit en produits corticaux et la rĂ©partition spatiale de lâensemble du matĂ©riel, lithique et faunique, met en Ă©vidence deux pĂŽles de densitĂ©, prĂšs des parois latĂ©rales. Il y a absence de foyer reconnaissable. Lâensemble suggĂšre une frĂ©quentation annexe de la grotte par les hommes.This paper present the geological framework of the Grotte du Bison and proposes its evolutionary timescale. The Upper Paleolithic levels preserved in the cavity are situated between a Late ChĂątelperronian and a post-Gravettian level. Palynological analysis of the sediments shows a succession of steppic phases separated by several hiatus periods which probably correspond to climatic ameliorations. The presence of levels characterised by thistles (Carduaceae) establishes strong correlations between level D at the Bison and level VIII at the Renne, bears present in the two caves corroborate this hypothesis. Other paleoenvironmental studies indicate a climatic context which evolved from a cold steppe to a very cold « mammoth » steppe. The fauna is dominated by bear. Birds are primarily represented by owls pellets. One of the owls species seem to have been specialized in predation of dippers. Study of the lithic materials of level D indicates a deficit in cortical products. Spatial distribution of the lithic and faunal assemblage exhibits two concentrations of density along the lateral walls of the cave. No hearths were apparent in level D. The ensemble suggests a secondary or intermittant occupation of the cave by Humans. Translated by J.G. EnloeDie âGrotte du Bisonâ wird im Rahmen ihres geologischen Umfelds und ihrer Entwicklung innerhalb der behandelten Periode dargestellt. Die jungpalĂ€olithischen Fundhorizonte in dieser Höhle datieren aus der Zeit zwischen dem jĂŒngeren ChĂątelperronien und der Folgezeit des Gravettien.Die pollenanalytische Untersuchung der Sedimente zeigt eine chronologische Abfolge, bei der Steppenphasen mehrfach von Zeitabschnitten unterbrochen waren, die wahrscheinlich einer Verbesserung des Klimas entsprachen. Die PrĂ€senz von Schichten, die sich durch eine groĂe Anzahl von Disteln (Carduaceae) auszeichnen, lĂ€sst starke Wechselbeziehungen zwischen der Schicht D der âGrotte du Bisonâ und der Schicht VIII der âGrotte du Renneâ erkennen. Diese Korrelationen werden von der âGrotte des Oursâ noch bekrĂ€ftigt. Die anderen Untersuchungen der PalĂ€oumwelt weisen auf eine Entwicklung von der kalten Steppenlandschaft zur noch kĂ€lteren Mammutsteppe. In der Fauna ĂŒberwiegt der BĂ€r, die Vogelreste stammen ĂŒberwiegend vom Gewölle von Nachtraubvögeln, von denen einer eine Vorliebe fĂŒr Wasseramseln gehabt haben muss. Die Untersuchung des lithischen Materials der D-Schicht weist ein Defizit an Kortexen auf und die rĂ€umliche Verteilung der lithischen und faunischen Fundgattungen lĂ€sst auf zwei intensiv genutzte PlĂ€tze in der NĂ€he der SeitenwĂ€nde schlieĂen. Eine Feuerstelle ist nicht zu erkennen. Der Befund legt nahe, dass auch diese Höhle gelegentlich von Menschen besucht wurde
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