379 research outputs found
Ălaboration et validation d'un outil de dĂ©pistage des dĂ©ficits du fonctionnement exĂ©cutif
Recherche financĂ© par l'Association des collĂšges privĂ©s du QuĂ©bec (ACPQ) dans le cadre du programme de recherche et dâexpĂ©rimentation pĂ©dagogique (PREP).Comprend des rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiques
Ălaboration et validation d'un outil de dĂ©pistage des dĂ©ficits du fonctionnement exĂ©cutif /
La présente recherche a été subventionnée par l'Association des collÚges privés du Québec dans le cadre du programme de recherche et d'expérimentationBibliographie
LâexpĂ©rimentation dans lâaction publique.
Lâobjet de cet article est de montrer comment lâhistoire des expĂ©rimentations sociales Ă la française prend sens Ă la lumiĂšre du jeu triangulaire entre Ătat, acteurs locaux et experts. Nous montrons dâabord les consĂ©quences du rapport ambigu que lâĂtat entretient avec les collectivitĂ©s territoriales et plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement avec les acteurs locaux, ce qui entraĂźne une difficultĂ© rĂ©currente Ă sâaccorder sur les enjeux de lâexpĂ©rimentation. Nous voyons ensuite, Ă travers la chronique politique des appels Ă projets successifs, comment, Ă partir dâune volontĂ© de faire remonter des solutions innovantes sur un spectre large de problĂšmes sociaux relatifs Ă la jeunesse, le Fonds dâexpĂ©rimentation pour la jeunesse (FEJ) a connu Ă la fois un recentrage sur les questions de lâĂ©ducation ainsi quâune reprise en main par lâappareil dâĂtat. Enfin, nous montrons comment la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation des expĂ©rimentations, point nodal de la relation entre innovation locale, expertise et dĂ©cision publique, est restĂ©e, Ă des titres divers, un point aveugle pour lâensemble des acteurs embarquĂ©s dans lâexpĂ©rience.This paper highlights one of the main characteristics of French social field experiments: a triangular game involving the State, local partners and experts. Firstly, it focuses on the consequences of the Stateâs ambiguous relationship with local authorities as regards social field experiments. This difficulty constitutes a recurring impediment for partners to setting the goals of field experiments. Then, the paper points out a dual tendency of the FEJ (the national experimental fund for youth). The first one is a thematic shift from youth to issues that only concern educational problems: even though the FEJ originally emphasized the importance of promoting bottom-up innovative actions that try to cope with numerous social issues connected with youth, it ended up dealing with educational issues. The second tendency concerns the FEJâs evolution, which became part of the State apparatus dedicated to top down policies. Finally, this article examines the core of the triangular game, namely the replication on a larger scale of the field experiments. It shows that this nodal point remains a blind spot for most of all these embedded partners
An Exhaustive, Non-Euclidean, Non-Parametric Data Mining Tool for Unraveling the Complexity of Biological Systems â Novel Insights into Malaria
Complex, high-dimensional data sets pose significant analytical challenges in the post-genomic era. Such data sets are not exclusive to genetic analyses and are also pertinent to epidemiology. There has been considerable effort to develop hypothesis-free data mining and machine learning methodologies. However, current methodologies lack exhaustivity and general applicability. Here we use a novel non-parametric, non-euclidean data mining tool, HyperCubeÂź, to explore exhaustively a complex epidemiological malaria data set by searching for over density of events in m-dimensional space. Hotspots of over density correspond to strings of variables, rules, that determine, in this case, the occurrence of Plasmodium falciparum clinical malaria episodes. The data set contained 46,837 outcome events from 1,653 individuals and 34 explanatory variables. The best predictive rule contained 1,689 events from 148 individuals and was defined as: individuals present during 1992â2003, aged 1â5 years old, having hemoglobin AA, and having had previous Plasmodium malariae malaria parasite infection â€10 times. These individuals had 3.71 times more P. falciparum clinical malaria episodes than the general population. We validated the rule in two different cohorts. We compared and contrasted the HyperCubeÂź rule with the rules using variables identified by both traditional statistical methods and non-parametric regression tree methods. In addition, we tried all possible sub-stratified quantitative variables. No other model with equal or greater representativity gave a higher Relative Risk. Although three of the four variables in the rule were intuitive, the effect of number of P. malariae episodes was not. HyperCubeÂź efficiently sub-stratified quantitative variables to optimize the rule and was able to identify interactions among the variables, tasks not easy to perform using standard data mining methods. Search of local over density in m-dimensional space, explained by easily interpretable rules, is thus seemingly ideal for generating hypotheses for large datasets to unravel the complexity inherent in biological systems
Typologie des formes dâhumus forestiĂšres (sous climats tempĂ©rĂ©s)
National audienceLe présent chapitre actualise la typologie des formes d'humus forestiÚres dans le cadre du Référentiel Pédologique 2008. Les horizons de référence O et A sont définis sur la base de caractÚres directement observables sur le terrain, avec une liste de qualificatifs permettant de décrire toutes les variantes possibles des formes d'humus forestiÚres présentes en climat tempéré. Des clés d'identification sont fournies pour les formes d'humus aérées et hydromorphes, ainsi que des tableaux synoptiques
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, MRI and MR arthrography in the characterisation of rotator cuff disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background Different diagnostic imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography (US), MRI, MR arthrography (MRA) are commonly used for the characterisation of rotator cuff (RC) disorders. Since the most recent systematic reviews on medical imaging, multiple diagnostic studies have been published, most using more advanced technological characteristics. The first objective was to perform a meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of medical imaging for characterisation of RC disorders. Since US is used at the point of care in environments such as sports medicine, a secondary analysis assessed accuracy by radiologists and nonradiologists. Methods A systematic search in three databases was conducted. Two raters performed data extraction and evaluation of risk of bias independently, and agreement was achieved by consensus. Hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic package was used to calculate pooled estimates of included diagnostic studies. Results Diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of full-thickness RC tears was high with overall estimates of sensitivity and specificity over 0.90. As for partial RC tears and tendinopathy, overall estimates of specificity were also high (\u3e0.90), while sensitivity was lower (0.67Ăą 0.83). Diagnostic accuracy of US was similar whether a trained radiologist, sonographer or orthopaedist performed it. Conclusions Our results show the diagnostic accuracy of US, MRI and MRA in the characterisation of fullthickness RC tears. Since full thickness tear constitutes a key consideration for surgical repair, this is an important characteristic when selecting an imaging modality for RC disorder. When considering accuracy, cost, and safety, US is the best option
Heterogeneous decrease in malaria prevalence in children over a six-year period in south-western Uganda
Malaria is a major public health problem, especially for children. However, recent reports suggest a decline in the malaria burden. The aim of this study was to assess the change in the prevalence of malaria infection among children below five years of age between 2004 and 2010 in a mesoendemic area of Uganda and to analyse the risk factors of malaria infection
Configurations of motherâchild and fatherâchild attachment relationships as predictors of child language competence: An individual participant data metaâanalysis
An individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to test pre-registered
hypotheses about how the configuration of attachment relationships to mothers
and fathers predicts children's language competence. Data from seven studies
(published between 1985 and 2014) including 719 children (Mage: 19.84months;
51% female; 87% White) were included in the linear mixed effects analyses. Mean
language competence scores exceeded the population average across children
with different attachment configurations. Children with two secure attachment
relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with
one or no secure attachment relationships (d=.26). Children with two organized
attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to
those with one organized attachment relationship (d=.23), and this difference
was observed in older versus younger children in exploratory analyses. Motherâ
child and fatherâchild attachment quality did not differentially predict language
competence, supporting the comparable importance of attachment to both parents
in predicting developmental outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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