Caractérisation initiale de l'instabilité génétique des spermatides de mammifères

La spermatogenèse est un processus complexe permettant la génération de gamètes mâles ultra spécialisés, les spermatozoïdes. Plusieurs réorganisations successives de l'ADN sont essentielles pour la génération de gamètes mâles haploïdes, dont l'enjambement durant la méiose. La dernière étape de la spermatogenèse, la spermiogenèse, comporte une importante réorganisation nucléaire accompagnée de nombreuses cassures bicaténaires d'ADN, ce qui pourrait mener à une instabilité génétique, surtout dans ce contexte haploïde vulnérable. Le premier objectif de mes recherches était de mieux caractériser cette étape de remodelage chromatinien. Par une approche d'immunofluorescence, nous avons démontré la présence de l'enzyme topoisomérase IIß (TOP2B) lors du remodelage de la chromatine, ainsi qu'une réponse aux dommages à l'ADN coïncidant avec le remodelage chromatinien par l'apparition de la phosphorylation du variant d'histone H2AFX, une biomarqueur de cassures bicaténaires. II est donc fort probable que les spermatides utilisent un système de réparation propice à l'erreur, tel que la jonction terminale non-homologue (NHEJ) pour réparer les nombreuses cassures observées à ces étapes, menant possiblement à une instabilité génomique importante. Afin de mieux comprendre l'impact d'une réparation inadéquate ou d'une absence de réparation de ces cassures, nous avons voulu déterminer leur distribution sur le génome murin. Or, il n'existait aucune approche méthodologique permettant de cartographier ces cassures à l'échelle génomique. Utilisant plusieurs modèles in vitro et in vivo, nous avons mis au point une approche unique, appelée damaged DNA immunoprecipitation ou dDIP, pouvant enrichir les régions endommagée sans compromettre la résolution nucléotidique. Par la suite, nous avons mis au point une méthodologie de dDIP pour les cellules d'eucaryotes supérieurs en immobilisant les cellules dans une matrice d'agarose pour limiter l'introduction de dommages non-spécifiques. Le remodelage de la chromatine des spermatides représente une étape d'instabilité génomique encore peu explorée et pourrait s'avérer une source insoupçonnée de diversité génétique. Grâce à la création de la nouvelle méthodologie dDIP, il sera maintenant possible d'explorer l'importance des cassures transitoires observées durant ce drastique changement nucléaire pour les générations futures. De plus, cet outil peut être appliqué à différents types de dommages, tels que les dommages causés par le rayonnement ultraviolet et les dommages oxydatifs, et donc être utilisé dans l'étude de l'instabilité génomique et de la réparation de l'ADN dans de nombreux domaines scientifiques comme le cancer, la sénescence et la toxicologie

Basic psychological need satisfaction of collegiate athletes: the unique and interactive effects of team identification and LMX quality

PurposeThe present study sought to understand the relationships between team identification, leader-member exchange (LMX) quality, and the basic psychological need satisfaction of collegiate athletes, as well as the moderating role of coach-athlete LMX quality.MethodsSelf-reported data from 319 collegiate athletes were analyzed using SPSS version 29. The relationships between the study variables were tested by moderation analysis using PROCESS macro model 1.ResultsRegression analyses showed team identification to be positively related to the satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness, while LMX quality was positively related to the satisfaction of the needs for competence and autonomy. Furthermore, moderation analyses showed that LMX quality positively moderated the relationship between team identification and the satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness.ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the important role that team identification and LMX quality play in the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of collegiate athletes. The implications of these results for the optimal functioning of collegiate athletes are discussed

Genome-Wide Mapping of DNA Strand Breaks

Determination of cellular DNA damage has so far been limited to global assessment of genome integrity whereas nucleotide-level mapping has been restricted to specific loci by the use of specific primers. Therefore, only limited DNA sequences can be studied and novel regions of genomic instability can hardly be discovered. Using a well-characterized yeast model, we describe a straightforward strategy to map genome-wide DNA strand breaks without compromising nucleotide-level resolution. This technique, termed “damaged DNA immunoprecipitation” (dDIP), uses immunoprecipitation and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end-labeling (TUNEL) to capture DNA at break sites. When used in combination with microarray or next-generation sequencing technologies, dDIP will allow researchers to map genome-wide DNA strand breaks as well as other types of DNA damage and to establish a clear profiling of altered genes and/or intergenic sequences in various experimental conditions. This mapping technique could find several applications for instance in the study of aging, genotoxic drug screening, cancer, meiosis, radiation and oxidative DNA damage

Grid'5000: a large scale and highly reconfigurable grid experimental testbed

Large scale distributed systems such as Grids are difficult to study from theoretical models and simulators only. Most Grids deployed at large scale are production plat-forms that are inappropriate research tools because of their limited reconfiguration, control and monitoring capa-bilities. In this paper, we present Grid’5000, a 5000 CPU nation-wide infrastructure for research in Grid computing. Grid’5000 is designed to provide a scientific tool for com-puter scientists similar to the large-scale instruments used by physicists, astronomers, and biologists. We describe the motivations, design considerations, architec-ture, control, and monitoring infrastructure of this experi-mental platform. We present configuration examples and performance results for the reconfiguration subsystem

The asparagine-transamidosome from Helicobacter pylori: a dual-kinetic mode in non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase safeguards the genetic code

Helicobacter pylori catalyzes Asn-tRNAAsn formation by use of the indirect pathway that involves charging of Asp onto tRNAAsn by a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-AspRS), followed by conversion of the mischarged Asp into Asn by the GatCAB amidotransferase. We show that the partners of asparaginylation assemble into a dynamic Asn-transamidosome, which uses a different strategy than the Gln-transamidosome to prevent the release of the mischarged aminoacyl-tRNA intermediate. The complex is described by gel-filtration, dynamic light scattering and kinetic measurements. Two strategies for asparaginylation are shown: (i) tRNAAsn binds GatCAB first, allowing aminoacylation and immediate transamidation once ND-AspRS joins the complex; (ii) tRNAAsn is bound by ND-AspRS which releases the Asp-tRNAAsn product much slower than the cognate Asp-tRNAAsp; this kinetic peculiarity allows GatCAB to bind and transamidate Asp-tRNAAsn before its release by the ND-AspRS. These results are discussed in the context of the interrelation between the Asn and Gln-transamidosomes which use the same GatCAB in H. pylori, and shed light on a kinetic mechanism that ensures faithful codon reassignment for Asn

Minimum wages in 2020 : Annual review

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar MolinaThis report, as part of an annual series on minimum wages, summarises the key developments during 2019 and early 2020 around the EU initiative on fair wages and puts the national debates on setting the rates for 2020 and beyond in this context. The report features how minimum wages were set and the role of social partners. It discusses developments in statutory minimum wages and presents data on minimum wage rates in collective agreements related to 10 low-paid jobs for countries without statutory minimum wages

Minimum wages in 2019 : annual review

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar MolinaIn most EU Member States, reviews of the statutory minimum wage rates spark a great deal of public interest. Such reviews affect the wider workforce, beyond those workers on the statutory minimum wage. Pay rates in collective agreements may be adapted in response to an increase in the minimum wage, affecting lower-paid workers more generally; social benefits may also be affected, making the impact of such revisions even more widespread. This report covers developments in statutory minimum wages in 2018-2019 in the EU and Norway. It looks at the level of minimum wages, how they were set and how they have developed over time in nominal and real terms. It also covers major debates in relation to setting minimum wage levels. While the report focuses on the net remuneration of those receiving the minimum wage, it also documents minimum rates from selected collective agreements in countries without statutory minimum wages as well as minimum wage coverage rates of workers by gender

Minimum wages in 2021 : annual review

Aquesta publicació s'elabora a partir de les contribucions de cadascú dels membres nacionals que integren la Network of Eufound Correspondent. Pel cas d'Espanya la contribució ha estat realitzada per l'Oscar MolinaThis report summarises how minimum wage rates for 2021 were set during 2020 - the year marked by the COVID-19 pandemic. It reviews the difficulties faced by national decision-makers and how they reacted to the challenges of the economic and social fall-out of the pandemic when making decisions regarding the minimum wage. It maps the extent to which minimum wages were referred to in COVID-19-related support measures. It discusses advances made on the EU initiative on adequate minimum wages and maps the reactions of the EU-level social partners and national decision-makers. The report is accompanied by two complementary working papers: one providing an analysis of developments for low-paid employees and minimum wage workers over the past decade; the other summarising the most recent research on minimum wages in EU countries, Norway and the UK

Normal zone propagation in various REBCO tape architectures

The normal zone propagation velocity (NZPV) of three families of REBCO tape architectures designed for superconducting fault current limiters and to be used in high voltage direct current transmission systems has been measured experimentally in liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. The measured NZPVs span more than three orders of magnitude depending on the tape architectures. Numerical simulations based on finite elements allow us to reproduce the experiments well. The dynamic current transfer length (CTL) extracted from the numerical simulations was found to be the dominating characteristic length determining the NZPV instead of the thermal diffusion length. We therefore propose a simple analytical model, whose key parameters are the dynamic CTL, the heat capacity and the resistive losses in the metallic layers, to calculate the NZPV.The authors acknowledge the funding of this research by FASTGRID Project (EU-H2020, 721019), the Projects COACHSUPENERGY (MAT2014-51778-C2-1-R), SUMATE (RTI2018-095853-BC21 and RTI2018-095853-B-C22) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness which were cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund, the Project 2017-SGR 753 from Generalitat de Catalunya and the COST Action NANOCOHYBRI (CA16218). Polytechnique Montréal authors also acknowledge NSERC (Canada), FRQNT (Québec), the RQMP infrastructure and CMC microsystems for financial support. ICMAB authors also acknowledge the Center of Excellence awards Severo Ochoa SEV-2015-0496 and CEX2019-000917-S.With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000917-S).Peer reviewe