182 research outputs found
On Model-Based RIP-1 Matrices
The Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) is a fundamental property of a matrix
enabling sparse recovery. Informally, an m x n matrix satisfies RIP of order k
in the l_p norm if ||Ax||_p \approx ||x||_p for any vector x that is k-sparse,
i.e., that has at most k non-zeros. The minimal number of rows m necessary for
the property to hold has been extensively investigated, and tight bounds are
known. Motivated by signal processing models, a recent work of Baraniuk et al
has generalized this notion to the case where the support of x must belong to a
given model, i.e., a given family of supports. This more general notion is much
less understood, especially for norms other than l_2. In this paper we present
tight bounds for the model-based RIP property in the l_1 norm. Our bounds hold
for the two most frequently investigated models: tree-sparsity and
block-sparsity. We also show implications of our results to sparse recovery
problems.Comment: Version 3 corrects a few errors present in the earlier version. In
particular, it states and proves correct upper and lower bounds for the
number of rows in RIP-1 matrices for the block-sparse model. The bounds are
of the form k log_b n, not k log_k n as stated in the earlier versio
Sparsity and cosparsity for audio declipping: a flexible non-convex approach
This work investigates the empirical performance of the sparse synthesis
versus sparse analysis regularization for the ill-posed inverse problem of
audio declipping. We develop a versatile non-convex heuristics which can be
readily used with both data models. Based on this algorithm, we report that, in
most cases, the two models perform almost similarly in terms of signal
enhancement. However, the analysis version is shown to be amenable for real
time audio processing, when certain analysis operators are considered. Both
versions outperform state-of-the-art methods in the field, especially for the
severely saturated signals
First Report of Little Cherry Virus 1 Infecting Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in Africa
peer reviewedLittle cherry disease (LChD) is an important viral disease of many stone fruit species (Prunus spp.), sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) being the most common host. It is associated with two different virus species belonging to the family Closteroviridae, namely, Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1, Velarivirus) and Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2, Ampelovirus). The impact of LChD on sweet cherry production consists in the decrease of yield and fruit quality, which is mainly associated with LChV-2, whereas most of LChV-1 reported infections remain associated with an unclear etiology. Other stone fruit species, such as peach and plum, hosting LChV-1 have been reported (Matic et al. 2007; Šafářová et al. 2017). LChV-1 is mainly transmitted through propagation of infected plant material, and no vector transmission is known (Jelkmann and Eastwell 2011). In 2018, during the early vegetative season, a limited survey was carried out for virus detection in apricot and sweet cherry orchards in the main southern Moroccan stone fruit-producing regions of Agadir, Agdez, and Dayat Aoua. Two sweet cherry trees (P. avium ‘Coeur de Pigeon’ and ‘Bigarreau’) and three apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L.), all asymptomatic, were sampled (five branches with leaves) from three different orchards. RNA was extracted (both leaves and cambial scrapings) using the Spectrum Plant Total RNA kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium), prior to cDNA synthesis using the iScript Reverse Transcription Kit (Bio-Rad, Belgium). LChV-1 detection was done by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using the specific primers LCUW7090 (5′-GGTTGTCCTCGGTTGATTAC-3′)/LCUWc7389 (5′-GGCTTGGTTCCATACATCTC-3′) (Bajet et al. 2008), amplifying a 300-bp fragment spanning the ORF1b encoding the RdRp gene, and 1LC_12776F (5′-TCAAGAAAAGTTCTGGTGTGC-3′)/1LC_13223R (5′-CGAGCTAGACGTATCAGTATC-3′) (Glasa et al. 2015), targeting a 456-bp fragment of the CP gene. LChV-2 specific primers were used according to Eastwell and Bernardy (2001). RT-PCR results revealed the presence of LChV-1 in two apricot samples from Agdez. No LChV-1 was detected in the sweet cherry samples. The presence of LChV-1 was confirmed by means of the LChV-1 specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification approach as described by Tahzima et al. (2019). No LChV-2 was detected in any of the samples. The RdRp and CP specific amplification products were bidirectionally sequenced (Genewiz, Leipzig, Germany) and assembled. RdRp and CP partial nucleotide sequences of the Moroccan LChV-1 isolates MOT2 and MOA1 were deposited in GenBank (accession nos. MK905349, MK905350; and MK905351, MK905352, respectively). Based on BLAST analysis of RdRp and CP, the Moroccan LChV-1 sequences shared 99% nucleotide identity (99.55% amino acids) with the No2ISTO isolate (HG792418) from Greece and 97.96% (98.64% amino acids) with the Spanish Ponferrada isolate (KX192367), respectively. Although the presence of LChV-1 has previously been reported in many countries in different continents, to our knowledge, this represents the first detection of LChV-1 in Africa
Estimation in high dimensions: a geometric perspective
This tutorial provides an exposition of a flexible geometric framework for
high dimensional estimation problems with constraints. The tutorial develops
geometric intuition about high dimensional sets, justifies it with some results
of asymptotic convex geometry, and demonstrates connections between geometric
results and estimation problems. The theory is illustrated with applications to
sparse recovery, matrix completion, quantization, linear and logistic
regression and generalized linear models.Comment: 56 pages, 9 figures. Multiple minor change
Structured Sparsity: Discrete and Convex approaches
Compressive sensing (CS) exploits sparsity to recover sparse or compressible
signals from dimensionality reducing, non-adaptive sensing mechanisms. Sparsity
is also used to enhance interpretability in machine learning and statistics
applications: While the ambient dimension is vast in modern data analysis
problems, the relevant information therein typically resides in a much lower
dimensional space. However, many solutions proposed nowadays do not leverage
the true underlying structure. Recent results in CS extend the simple sparsity
idea to more sophisticated {\em structured} sparsity models, which describe the
interdependency between the nonzero components of a signal, allowing to
increase the interpretability of the results and lead to better recovery
performance. In order to better understand the impact of structured sparsity,
in this chapter we analyze the connections between the discrete models and
their convex relaxations, highlighting their relative advantages. We start with
the general group sparse model and then elaborate on two important special
cases: the dispersive and the hierarchical models. For each, we present the
models in their discrete nature, discuss how to solve the ensuing discrete
problems and then describe convex relaxations. We also consider more general
structures as defined by set functions and present their convex proxies.
Further, we discuss efficient optimization solutions for structured sparsity
problems and illustrate structured sparsity in action via three applications.Comment: 30 pages, 18 figure
Tensor completion in hierarchical tensor representations
Compressed sensing extends from the recovery of sparse vectors from
undersampled measurements via efficient algorithms to the recovery of matrices
of low rank from incomplete information. Here we consider a further extension
to the reconstruction of tensors of low multi-linear rank in recently
introduced hierarchical tensor formats from a small number of measurements.
Hierarchical tensors are a flexible generalization of the well-known Tucker
representation, which have the advantage that the number of degrees of freedom
of a low rank tensor does not scale exponentially with the order of the tensor.
While corresponding tensor decompositions can be computed efficiently via
successive applications of (matrix) singular value decompositions, some
important properties of the singular value decomposition do not extend from the
matrix to the tensor case. This results in major computational and theoretical
difficulties in designing and analyzing algorithms for low rank tensor
recovery. For instance, a canonical analogue of the tensor nuclear norm is
NP-hard to compute in general, which is in stark contrast to the matrix case.
In this book chapter we consider versions of iterative hard thresholding
schemes adapted to hierarchical tensor formats. A variant builds on methods
from Riemannian optimization and uses a retraction mapping from the tangent
space of the manifold of low rank tensors back to this manifold. We provide
first partial convergence results based on a tensor version of the restricted
isometry property (TRIP) of the measurement map. Moreover, an estimate of the
number of measurements is provided that ensures the TRIP of a given tensor rank
with high probability for Gaussian measurement maps.Comment: revised version, to be published in Compressed Sensing and Its
Applications (edited by H. Boche, R. Calderbank, G. Kutyniok, J. Vybiral
Constraint propagation equations of the 3+1 decomposition of f(R) gravity
Theories of gravity other than general relativity (GR) can explain the
observed cosmic acceleration without a cosmological constant. One such class of
theories of gravity is f(R). Metric f(R) theories have been proven to be
equivalent to Brans-Dicke (BD) scalar-tensor gravity without a kinetic term.
Using this equivalence and a 3+1 decomposition of the theory it has been shown
that metric f(R) gravity admits a well-posed initial value problem. However, it
has not been proven that the 3+1 evolution equations of metric f(R) gravity
preserve the (hamiltonian and momentum) constraints. In this paper we show that
this is indeed the case. In addition, we show that the mathematical form of the
constraint propagation equations in BD-equilavent f(R) gravity and in f(R)
gravity in both the Jordan and Einstein frames, is exactly the same as in the
standard ADM 3+1 decomposition of GR. Finally, we point out that current
numerical relativity codes can incorporate the 3+1 evolution equations of
metric f(R) gravity by modifying the stress-energy tensor and adding an
additional scalar field evolution equation. We hope that this work will serve
as a starting point for relativists to develop fully dynamical codes for valid
f(R) models.Comment: 25 pages, matches published version in CQG, references update
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