IGF1: an in vitro skeletal muscle cell model of exercise mimetics to investigate the role of exosomal trafficking in regulating metabolic responses to exercise

Exercise mimetics are pharmacological compounds that trigger pathways similar to those activated as a consequence of exercise training. They are therefore useful in pathological conditions where physical activity is beneficial but unfeasible. Models of exercise mimetics can also be used to study the targets implicated in training or conversely, inactivity. In the study presented insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is investigated as an in vitro model of exercise mimetics, plus or minus the addition of Exo1 drug, that should impair the crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus to inquire in its role in exercise metabolism In this study, cultures from the murine musculoskeletal cell line C2C12 are divided into three experimental groups for each exercise mimetics: a control group, a treated group and a treated group plus Exo1. Cells are treated for 24h and 48h. IGF-1 increased myotube width at 24h by eliciting mTORC2, followed by mTORC1 at 48h. Hypertrophy was achieved independently of pMAPK. IGF-1 overcompensated for Exo1-caused ER stress by inducing hypertrophy at 24h, but the effect was impaired after 48h. Hypertrophy at 24h was achieved through phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and pAkt

The architect Jaime Bort in Paris (1751-1752)

Tras haber sido aceptado en la Corte, el arquitecto Jaime Bort emprende un periplo europeo promovido por el marqués de la Ensenada y el marqués de Rafal. Bajo un nuevo intento de modernizar la ciudad de Madrid y rescatarla del precario estado higiénico en que se hallaba, Bort debería estudiar las soluciones que otras capitales hubieran adoptado. En su correspondencia desde París, aquí transcrita, puede estudiarse cuál fue su actividad durante su viaje europeo, en absoluto reducida a estudiar las posibles soluciones para mejorar la limpieza de MadridAfter being accepted in the Court, the architect Jaime Bort starts a new European trip persuaded by Marquis de la Ensenada and Marquis de Rafal. Under a new attempt to make the city of Madrid modern and save it from the filthy hygiene state , Bort needs to look into solutions that other metropolis had taken.. In his correspondence from Paris, which is transcribed here, it can be found which activity Bort was doing during his European trip, not only limited to study the solutions carried out to improve the cleaning stage of Madri

Electronic witness system in IVF—patients perspective

Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate patient concerns about in vitro fertilization (IVF) errors and electronic witness systems (EWS) satisfaction. Design The design of this study is a prospective single-center cohort study. Setting The setting of this study was located in the private IVF center. Patient(s) Four hundred eight infertile patients attending an IVF cycle at a GENERA center in Italy were equipped with an EWS. Intervention(s) Although generally recognized as a very rare event in IVF, biological sample mix-up has been reported in the literature. For this reason, some IVF laboratories have introduced EWS with the aim to further reduce the risk of error during biological samples handling. Participating patients received a questionnaire developed through a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 6. Main outcomes measure(s) Patient concerns about sample mix-up without and with an EWS were assessed. Result(s) 90.4 % of patients expressed significant concerns relating to sample mix-up. The EWS reduced these concerns in 92.1 % of patients, 97.1 % of which were particularly satisfied with the electronic traceability of their gametes and embryos in the IVF laboratory. 97.1 % of patients felt highly comfortable with an IVF center equipped with an EWS. Female patients had a significantly higher appreciation of the EWS when compared to their male partners (p = 0.029). A significant mix-up event occurred in an Italian hospital during the study and patient's satisfaction increased significantly towards the use of the EWS after the event (p = 0.032). Conclusion(s) EWS, by sensibly reducing the risk for sample mix-up in IVF cycles, has been proved to be a trusted strategy from patient's perspective

ROLE OF OSCILLATORY BREATHING DURING CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TEST FOR PROGNOSTIC STRATIFICATION OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

We sought to determine the prognostic role of EOB compared with other ventilatory parameters in risk stratification of elderly CHF patients capable to perform a maximal exercise test

Polystyrene nanoparticles internalization in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells

The increase in the use of nanoparticles, as a promising tool for drug delivery or as a food additive, raises questions about their interaction with biological systems, especially in terms of evoked responses. In this work, we evaluated the kinetics of uptake of 44 nm (NP44) and 100 nm (NP100) unmodified polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) in gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, as well as the endocytic mechanism involved, and the effect on cell viability and gene expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and inflammation processes. We showed that NP44 accumulate rapidly and more efficiently in the cytoplasm of AGS compared to NP100; both PS-NPs showed an energy dependent mechanism of internalization and a clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway. Dose response treatments revealed a non-linear curve. PS-NPs also affected cell viability, inflammatory gene expression and cell morphology. NP44 strongly induced an up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 genes, two of the most important cytokines involved in gastric pathologies. Our study suggests that parameters such as time, size and concentration of NPs must be taken carefully into consideration during the development of drug delivery systems based on NPs and for the management of nanoparticles associated risk factors

What can the global movement to end child marriage learn from the implementation of other multi-sectoral initiatives?

If the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 5.3 to end child marriage by 2030 is to be met, the annual rate of reduction in the prevalence of child marriage must increase from 1.9% to 23%. Over 30 countries have developed, or are developing, national policies/programmes towards this goal. However, many are struggling to operationalise these policies/programmes, particularly at subnational levels. Thus, Girls Not Brides and the WHO commissioned a review of lessons learnt from national and subnational implementation of multi-sectoral policies/programmes targeting other issues that could be applied to the global movement to end child marriage. This review identified a number of pragmatic lessons learnt. At the national level, countries should identify and engage committed and skilled leadership, build a shared understanding of the target issue and how to address it, and delineate and clarify the roles and responsibilities of relevant stakeholders. At the subnational level, countries should establish coordination mechanisms, build awareness and capacity of staff, use subnational evidence to contextualise and tailor interventions, develop coordinated budgets and cost-sharing mechanisms, and integrate monitoring and evaluation systems. These lessons are remarkably consistent, despite coming from different target issues and contexts. The commonality of these findings reveals that various stakeholders are repeatedly and consistently failing to ensure that these fundamental requirements are in place. It is vital that the global movement to end child marriage learns from and uses these lessons if it is to meet its SDG target

Diferença entre perfis de brasileiros idosos no início dos anos 2000

Considering the importance of the Brazilian aging, this work had aimed to compare the input of the second millennium the secondary data on the elderly in four Brazilian states, where it had been done research on the subject, which are, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Ceará. The information was at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Ministry of Health. Survey results suggest it be possible outline the aging in the country by Brazilian state, after the year 2000, offering items be enhanced in places less fortunate, like the northeast, as well as on the benchmarking of information on activities of daily living that are obtained through questions that combine dissimilar difficulties in performing various activities by creating uncertainty in the interpretation of responses.elderly, health indicators, functional ability, activities of daily living