Oleoylethanolamide restores alcohol-induced inhibition of neuronal proliferation and microglial activity in striatum

Previous findings demonstrate a homeostatic role for oleoylethanolamide (OEA) signaling in the ethanol-related neuroinflammation and behavior. However, extensive research is still required in order to unveil the effects of OEA on a number of neurobiological functions such as adult neurogenesis, cell survival and resident neuroimmunity that become notably altered by alcohol. Daily consumption of ethanol (10%) for 2 weeks (6.3& #x202F;± 1.1 g/kg/day during last 5 days) caused hypolocomotor activity in rats. This effect appears to rely on central signaling mechanisms given that alcohol increased the OEA levels, the gene expression of OEA-synthesizing enzyme Nape-pld and the number of PPARα-immunoreactive neurons in the striatum. Ethanol-related neurobiological alterations such as a reduction in the number of microglial cells expressing iNOS (a cytokine-inducible immune defense) and in adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) proliferation (phospho-H3 and BrdU) and maturation (BrdU/β3-tubulin), as well as an increase in damage cell activity (FosB) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) were also observed in the rat striatum. Pharmacological administration of OEA (10 mg/kg) for 5 days during ethanol exposure exacerbated ethanol-induced hypolocomotion and cell apoptosis in the striatum. Interestingly, OEA abrogated the impaired effects of ethanol on PPARα-positive cell population and NSPC proliferation and maturation. OEA also decreased astrocyte-related vimentin immunoreactivity and increased microglial cell population (Iba-1, iNOS) in the striatum. These results suggest that OEA-PPARα signaling modulates glial activation, cell apoptosis and NSPC proliferation and maturation in response to striatal-specific neurobiological alterations induced by prolonged ethanol intake in rats.This work was supported by RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and European Regional Development Funds-European Union (ERDF-EU) (RD16/0017/0001); ISCIII, MINECO, ERDF-EU (JS: PI16/01374; FRF: PI16/01698; FJP: PI16/01953; AS: PI17/02026); Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad and Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (JS: PNSD2015/047; AS: PND2017/043); Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía, ERDF-EU (FRF: CTS-8221); Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, ERDF-EU (FRF: SAS111224); German Research Foundation DFG (BL: FOR926, project CP1). FJP (CP14/00212) and AS (CP14/00173) are recipients of a research contract from “Miguel Servet” Program of ISCIII, ERDF-EU. JS holds a “Miguel Servet II” research contract from the National System of Health, ISCIII, ERDF-EU, FIMABIS (CPII17/00024). PR holds a “Sara Borrel” research contract from ISCIII, ERDF-EU (CD16/00067)

Localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) in cells expressing the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the adult rat hippocampus

The N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmithylethanolamide (PEA) are known to be endogenous ligands of PPARα receptors, and their presence requires the activation of a specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) associated with intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes. Thus, the identification of a specific population of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective Ca(2+)-binding proteins (CaBPs) may provide a neuroanatomical basis to better understand the PPARα system in the brain. For this purpose, we used double-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy for the characterization of the co-existence of NAPE-PLD/PPARα and the CaBPs calbindin D28k, calretinin and parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus. PPARα expression was specifically localized in the cell nucleus and, occasionally, in the cytoplasm of the principal cells (dentate granular and CA pyramidal cells) and some non-principal cells of the hippocampus. PPARα was expressed in the calbindin-containing cells of the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the SP of CA1. These principal PPARα(+)/calbindin(+) cells were closely surrounded by NAPE-PLD(+) fiber varicosities. No pyramidal PPARα(+)/calbindin(+) cells were detected in CA3. Most cells containing parvalbumin expressed both NAPE-PLD and PPARα in the principal layers of the DG and CA1/3. A small number of cells containing PPARα and calretinin was found along the hippocampus. Scattered NAPE-PLD(+)/calretinin(+) cells were specifically detected in CA3. NAPE-PLD(+) puncta surrounded the calretinin(+) cells localized in the principal cells of the DG and CA1. The identification of the hippocampal subpopulations of NAPE-PLD/PPARα-containing neurons that express selective CaBPs should be considered when analyzing the role of NAEs/PPARα-signaling system in the regulation of hippocampal functions.This work was supported by the 7th Framework Programme of European Union [grant number HEALTH-F2-2008-223713, REPROBESITY], Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación [grant numbers SAF2010-19087, SAF 2010-20521], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, UE-ERDF [grant number CP12/03109], Red de Trastornos Adictivos [grant numbers RD12/0028/0001, RD12/0028/0009], CIBERobn, Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo [grant number PNSD2010/143], Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia, Junta de Andalucía, UE/ERDF [grant number CTS-433, P-11-CVI-07637], Consejería de Salud, Junta de Andalucía [grant numbers PI0232/2008, PI0029/2008, SAS111224], and Fundació La Marató de TV3 [grant number 386/C/2011]. Juan Suárez is recipient of a “Miguel Servet” research contract from the National System of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant number CP12/03109)

Humanized landscapes in the El Tala Catamarca river basin

Este trabajo se focaliza en la arqueología de la cuenca del río de El Tala, valle de Catamarca Argentina, en la cual analizamos los modos en que se constituyeron los paisajes durante el primer y principios del segundo milenio d.C. Puesto que la arqueología culturalista prestó atención al espacio como un medioambiente geográfico y como un telón de fondo sobre el cual flotaba la cultura, donde se le dio el papel de medio de adaptación que determinaba el comportamiento del hombre. En este sentido, se desarrolló un estudio formal del paisaje arqueológico a través de la organización y uso del espacio, haciendo énfasis en identificar y describir relaciones espaciales entre los sitios residenciales y de producción; entendiendo a la arquitectura como una tecnología constructiva que da dimensión humana a un espacio, en cual se produce la modificación del medio físico por un lado y por el otro como “construcción” u objetivación de los órdenes sociales a través del tiempo. El abordaje de dicho fenómeno se realizó a partir de una propuesta teóricometodológica complementando la Geografía Humana y la Arqueología del Paisaje; las cuales nos permitieron aproximarnos a los aspectos tanto funcionales como sociales de nuestra zona de estudio. Siendo que los avances en las investigaciones realizadas hasta la actualidad, nos permiten plantear que el paisaje fue construido en múltiples situaciones generadas por estrategias sociales presentando un alto grado de heterogeneidad, sin exponer una centralización evidente, ni una desigualdad en el acceso a los bienes materiales y simbólicos.This paper focuses on the archaeology of the El Tala river basin, Catamarca Valley, Argentina, in which we analyze the ways in which landscapes were constituted during the first and beginning of the second millennium A.D. Since traditional archaeology paid attention to space as a geographical environment and as a backdrop over which culture floated, where it was given the role of a means of adaptation that determined human behavior. In this sense, a formal study of the archaeological landscape was developed through the organization and use of space, with emphasis on identifying and describing spatial relationships between residential sites and production sites; understanding architecture as a constructive technology that gives a human dimension to a space, in which the modification of the physical environment occurs on the one hand and on the other as "construction" or objectification of social orders through time. The approach to this phenomenon was made from a theoretical-methodological proposal complementing Human Geography and Landscape Archaeology, which allowed us to approach both functional and social aspects of our area of study. Being that the advances in the investigations carried out until now, allow us to raise that the landscape was constructed in multiple situations generated by social strategies presenting a high degree of heterogeneity, without exposing an evident centralization, nor an inequality in the access to the material and symbolic goods.Fil: Fonseca, Luis Eduardo Ezequiel. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Facultad de Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Melian, Cristian Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Escuela de Arqueología; ArgentinaFil: Caraffini, Claudio Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca; ArgentinaFil: Traverso Vargas, Abril. Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Facultad de Humanidades; Argentin

El reconocimiento corporal como estrategia para la intervención en la comunidad educativa de la primera infancia.

Esta investigación tiene como fin diseñar una estrategia metodológica para la intervención en la primera infancia en el jardín El Elyon, ya que es evidente la ausencia del docente de educación física en etapas tempranas de desarrollo y por tal razón se observan déficit motores y sociales es por esto que se da la intervención y aplicación del test escala abreviada de desarrollo que facilita el trabajo de observación y análisis de las capacidades físicas de los niños además de su participación social, para así realizar la observación de cómo se encuentra está población y así diseñar las sesiones acordes con ambientes ideales para los niños

Pharmacological blockade of either cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors prevents both cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion and cocaine-induced reduction of cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult male rats

Addiction to major drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, has recently been linked to alterations in adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The endogenous cannabinoid system modulates this proliferative response as demonstrated by the finding that pharmacological activation/blockade of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors not only modulates neurogenesis but also modulates cell death in the brain. In the present study, we evaluated whether the endogenous cannabinoid system affects cocaine-induced alterations in cell proliferation. To this end, we examined whether pharmacological blockade of either CB1 (Rimonabant, 3 mg/kg) or CB2 receptors (AM630, 3 mg/kg) would affect cell proliferation (the cells were labeled with BrdU) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ). Additionally, we measured cell apoptosis (as monitored by the expression of cleaved caspase-3) and glial activation (by analyzing the expression of GFAP and Iba-1) in the striatum and hippocampus during acute and repeated (4 days) cocaine administration (20 mg/kg). The results showed that acute cocaine exposure decreased the number of BrdU-immunoreactive (ir) cells in the SVZ and SGZ. In contrast, repeated cocaine exposure reduced the number of BrdU-ir cells only in the SVZ. Both acute and repeated cocaine exposure increased the number of cleaved caspase-3-, GFAP- and Iba1-ir cells in the hippocampus, and this effect was counteracted by AM630 or rimonabant, which increased the number of BrdU-, GFAP- and Iba1-ir cells in the hippocampus. These results indicate that the changes in neurogenic, apoptotic and gliotic processes that were produced by repeated cocaine administration were normalized by pharmacological blockade of CB1 and CB2. The restorative effects of cannabinoid receptor blockade on hippocampal cell proliferation were associated with the prevention of the induction of conditioned locomotion but not with the prevention of cocaine-induced sensitization.Fil: Blanco Calvo, Eduardo. Universitat de Lleida; EspañaFil: Rivera, Patricia. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Arrabal, Sergio. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Vargas, Antonio. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Pavon, Francisco Javier. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Serrano, Antonia. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Castilla Ortega, Estela. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Galeano, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (i); ArgentinaFil: Rubio, Leticia. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Suaréz, Juan. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando. Universidad de Malaga; Españ

Pharmacological blockade of either cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors prevents both cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion and cocaine-induced reduction of cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult male rats

Addiction to major drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, has recently been linked to alterations in adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The endogenous cannabinoid system modulates this proliferative response as demonstrated by the finding that pharmacological activation/blockade of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors not only modulates neurogenesis but also modulates cell death in the brain. In the present study, we evaluated whether the endogenous cannabinoid system affects cocaine-induced alterations in cell proliferation. To this end, we examined whether pharmacological blockade of either CB1 (Rimonabant, 3 mg/kg) or CB2 receptors (AM630, 3 mg/kg) would affect cell proliferation (the cells were labeled with BrdU) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ). Additionally, we measured cell apoptosis (as monitored by the expression of cleaved caspase-3) and glial activation (by analyzing the expression of GFAP and Iba-1) in the striatum and hippocampus during acute and repeated (4 days) cocaine administration (20 mg/kg). The results showed that acute cocaine exposure decreased the number of BrdU-immunoreactive (ir) cells in the SVZ and SGZ. In contrast, repeated cocaine exposure reduced the number of BrdU-ir cells only in the SVZ. Both acute and repeated cocaine exposure increased the number of cleaved caspase-3-, GFAP- and Iba1-ir cells in the hippocampus, and this effect was counteracted by AM630 or rimonabant, which increased the number of BrdU-, GFAP- and Iba1-ir cells in the hippocampus. These results indicate that the changes in neurogenic, apoptotic and gliotic processes that were produced by repeated cocaine administration were normalized by pharmacological blockade of CB1 and CB2. The restorative effects of cannabinoid receptor blockade on hippocampal cell proliferation were associated with the prevention of the induction of conditioned locomotion but not with the prevention of cocaine-induced sensitization.Fil: Blanco Calvo, Eduardo. Universitat de Lleida; EspañaFil: Rivera, Patricia. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Arrabal, Sergio. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Vargas, Antonio. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Pavon, Francisco Javier. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Serrano, Antonia. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Castilla Ortega, Estela. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Galeano, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Cardiológicas (i); ArgentinaFil: Rubio, Leticia. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Suaréz, Juan. Universidad de Malaga; EspañaFil: Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando. Universidad de Malaga; Españ

Chronic ethanol induces morpohological changes on hippocampal microglia, which are reverted by pharmacological blockade of faah with urb597

Tipo de presentación: PósterHere, we evaluated the pharmacological effects of fatty-acid amide-hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 (0.3 mg/kg), oleoylethanolamide (OEA, 10 mg/kg), arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA, 10 mg/kg), the CB1 receptor agonist ACEA (3 mg/kg) and the CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 (0.2 mg/kg) administered for 5 days in a rat model of sub-chronic (2 weeks) ethanol diet (11% v/v) exposure. As a result of these trials, URB597 turned to be the most effective treatment. Contrary to ethanol, URB597 reduced the mRNA levels of Iba-1, Tnfα, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), as well as the number of cells expressing GFAP or iNOS. Moreover, URB597 effects on hippocampal immune system were accompanied by changes in short and long-term visual recognition memory. Microglial morphometric analysis pointed out significant changes after ethanol exposure, suggesting that microglial cell morphology is closely related to ethanol-induced neuroinflammation. Ethanol provoked changes in fractal dimension, lacunarity, density, roughness, cell area and cell perimeter, which explain a decreased complexity of branches and increased cell surface irregularities. Such changes may represent a chronic activation state of microglia. In addition, ethanol effects on the microglial morphological parameters density and fractal dimension were reverted by URB597. Thus, this FAAH inhibitor was able to counteract the sub-chronic ethanol-induced morphological changes of microglia, resulting in a more compact and increased branch complexity, which apparently relate to a less activated state. Therefore, these morphometric parameters are sensitive and valuable tools to evaluate the chronic activation of microglia by ethanol and its pharmacological blockade.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. RETICS Red de Trastornos Adictivos, ISCIII, MINECO, ERDF-EU (RD16/0017/0001; PI17/02026; SAF2017-83645R). Plan Nacional sobre Drogas, MSCBS (PNSD2015/047; PND2017/043). Proyectos de investigación de excelencia, Junta de Andalucía (P11-CVI-07637)

Newly Discovered Natural Hosts of Tomato chlorosis virus in Costa Rica

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is an emerging whitefly-transmitted crinivirus. In Costa Rica in 2007, ToCV was detected in field-grown and greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants causing symptoms of severe yellowing and foliar chlorosis.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM

Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Selection with Fungus Filtrate (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) on the in Vitro Culture of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

The present investigation was undertaken to study the effect of gamma irradiation (dose from 10 to 100 Gy) and in vitro selection with fungus filtrate as selecting agent (concentration from 20% to 100%) on the susceptibility of the common bean to Rhizoctonia solani. The best results were found with a dose of 20 Gy or a concentration of 20% of fungus filtrate applied separately. These conditions were used to evaluate the combined effect of both approaches in a second experiment. The combined effect of irradiation and then selection adversely affected growth (height and roots) and survival of the in vitro plants. It may not be necessary to combine the variation generated by irradiation with the selection technique. For future assays we propose the application of: 1) gamma radiation, thereby inducing not only mutants with pathogen resistance, but also with other agronomic traits of interest. Later in the subculture MV4 potential fungus-resistant mutants will be evaluated in the field; or 2) selection pressure using fungus filtrate during three subcultures, which may be sufficient to induce the variation necessary to obtain in vitro plants resistant to fungus.International Atomic Energy Agency/[COS5028]/IAEA/AustriaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[111-A8-210]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de BiologíaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Económicas::Escuela de Estadístic