Sustainable pome fruit production in Patagonia, Argentina

Apple and pear production in Argentina mostly takes place in the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, along a valley located in an area irrigated by the rivers Neuquén, Limay and Negro. Most commonly agrochemicals applied for these cultures protection are pesticides against mite and codling moth (Cydiapomonella, L). Carbaryl,azinphos-methyl and dimethoate have been recently detected and quantified in water samples from these rivers. Heptachlor, was also found sporadically, despite its use is forbidden in our country. Although these organophosphorus pesticides use is allowed, dimethoate and azinphos-methyl, as well as carbaryl are harmful substances that exert adverse effects through inhibition of cholinesterases and carboxylesterases. Also they are responsible of eliciting antioxidant responses in different organisms. Fruit production in this region became more sustainable in the last years as the consequence of government prohibition on the use of old generation pesticides and the introduction of new generation ones. A National Program designed to avoid codling moth damage, through a sexual confusion method, was implemented in 2006. The codling moth induced damage reached 6,1% of total production in 2003 in farms that were afterwards included in the Program, and 0,73% of it, after 3 years of program development; and at the same time there was a 385 ton/year decrease in azimphos-methyl use. Improvement in management techniques for pests as San José louse and European red mite, as well as government programs for their control promoting the use of non-toxic natural compounds, will certainly contribute to achieve sustainable fruit production in Patagonia.Fil: Sfara, Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Fonovich, Teresa Mabel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentin

Brašno - Kruh '15

Proceedings contains 28 original research articles presented at 8th International Congress Flour – Bread ’15 and 10th Croatian Congress of Cereal Technologists Brašno – Kruh ’1

Hungaria Fida Austriæ : Honoribus ... Neo-Baccalaureorum Cum In ... Archi-Episcopali Societatis Jesu Universitate Tyrnaviensi Per R.P. Joannem Prileczky, è Societate Jesu ... Primâ AA.LL. & Philosophiæ Laureâ donarentur

A Poesi Tyrnaviensi Oblata [i.e. János Fonovich]Verf. ermittelt(VLID)2239

Personaliserad marknadsförings inverkan på kundrelationer : En kvalitativ studie

Företag använder personaliserad marknadsföring på sociala medier och e-handel för att skapa relevant och engagerande innehåll baserat på kunddata. Kommunikation, förtroende, engagemang och Value co-creation är avgörande. Tvåvägskommunikation, transparens och autenticitet bygger förtroende medan kundklubbar, lojalitetsprogram och automatiserade utskick bidrar till starka och långvariga kundrelationer.Companies use personalized marketing on social media and e-commerce to create relevant and engaging content based on customer data. Communication, trust, engagement and Value co-creation are crucial. Two-way communication, transparency and authenticity build trust, while customer clubs, loyalty programs and automated messages contribute to strong and long-lasting customer relations

Kallikrein-like amidase activity in renal ischemia and reperfusion

We assessed a kallikrein-like amidase activity probably related to the kallikrein-kinin system, as well as the participation of leukocyte infiltration in renal ischemia and reperfusion. Male C57BL/KSJmdb mice were subjected to 20 or 60 min of ischemia and to different periods of reperfusion. A control group consisted of sham-operated mice, under similar conditions, except for ischemia induction. Kallikrein-like amidase activity, Evans blue extravasation and myeloperoxidase activity were measured in kidney homogenates, previously perfused with 0.9% NaCl. Plasma creatinine concentration increased only in the 60-min ischemic group. After 20 min of ischemia and 1 or 24 h of reperfusion, no change in kallikrein-like amidase activity or Evans blue extravasation was observed. In the mice subjected to 20 min of ischemia, edema was evident at 1 h of reperfusion, but kidney water content returned to basal levels after 24 h of reperfusion. In the 60-min ischemic group, kallikrein-like amidase activity and Evans blue extravasation showed a similar significant increase along reperfusion time. Kallikrein-like amidase activity increased from 4 nmol PNA mg protein-1 min-1 in the basal condition to 15 nmol PNA mg protein-1 min-1 at 10 h of reperfusion. For dye extravasation the concentration measured was near 200 µg of Evans blue/g dry tissue in the basal condition and 1750 µg of Evans blue/g dry tissue at 10 h of reperfusion. No variation could be detected in the control group. A significant increase from 5 to 40 units of DAbs 655 nm g wet tissue-1 min-1 in the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase was observed in the 60-min ischemic group, when it was evaluated after 24 h of reperfusion. Histological analysis of the kidneys showed migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the vascular bed to the interstitial tissue in the 60-min ischemic group after 24 h of reperfusion. We conclude that the duration of ischemia is critical for the development of damage during reperfusion and that the increase in renal cortex kallikrein-like amidase activity probably released from both the kidney and leukocytes may be responsible, at least in part, for the observed effects, probably through direct induction of increased vascular permeability

Phospholipid changes in Rhinella arenarum embryos under different acclimation conditions to copper

We report phospholipid changes in Rhinella arenarum embryos after applying three acclimation protocols to copper between 40 and 420 ng L− 1. The lower and higher acclimation treatments resulted in embryos' enhanced resistance to this metal. Phospholipid remodeling activity, evident through arachidonic acid radioactivity incorporation increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SPH) fractions, was registered in embryos acclimated to the intermediate exposure condition. Concomitantly, a decrease in phosphatidic acid fraction (PA) was registered in the higher acclimation condition. PC/PE radioactivity ratio increased both for medium and high acclimation conditions from 0.493 in control embryos to 1.378 and 1.032 respectively. Phospholipid changes could be relevant for changes in membrane features associated with low level exposures to copper, preparing the embryo for a higher resistance to this metal. The increased resistance to copper could also be associated with both an increase in metallothioneins concentration, as registered with HPLC in all the acclimation conditions, and an increase in the copper bound to the third fraction of metallothioneins separated by this method. Our results point out that even very low level exposure to copper results in phospholipid metabolism changes that could be relevant for the acclimation phenomena.Fil: Fonovich, Teresa Mabel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fridman, Osvaldo. Universidad Abierta Interamericana; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: D'eramo, Jose Luis. Fundación Pro Salud y Medio Ambiente. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Herkovits, Jorge. Fundación Pro Salud y Medio Ambiente. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Fate of aluminium and nickel in soil. Evaluation through lysimeters under laboratory conditions

Nanomaterials (Nms) applications and environmental deposition are continuously increasing. Aluminum (Al) and nickel (Ni) fate in soil, both from gamma alumina-based Nms and as chloride salts were evaluted through lysimeters. After 85 days of treatment, which included irrigation and collection of eluates, the soil of each lysimeter was divided into four sections. The metal concentration was analyzed in eluates, soil samples, and extracts. Al and iron (Fe) present in soil eluted from Control lysimeter. Al from Nms suspension treatment was quantified in the eluates since 30 days on. Ni eluted upon solid salt deposition on top of one device. These results indicate that Al and Ni applied under certain conditions on soil, could leach and reach groundwater. The total concentration and bioavailability (extractable metals) of Al and Fe in soils showed similar patterns. Ni was retained only in the soil of devices treated with chloride salts. Bioavailability % results were of concern for Ni under certain conditions of treatment: 15.57% and 11.08% in two chloride salt-treated lysimeters versus 0.55% and 0.47% of those in control and treated with Nms lysimeters. Conducting studies with different kinds of soil and longer treatment periods should be useful to understand Nms-metals fate in the environment. The results presented here constitute important evidences both for significant metal release from Nms and elution and for considerable Ni bioavailability, after deposition on soil in the form of Nms or as a chloride salt, respectively. Then, possible toxic effects could occur through exposure of aquatic and terrestrial organisms.Fil: Fonovich, Teresa Mabel. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Blanco Bermudez, Lucila. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Guraya, Mónica. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Cappari, Gisela Vanesa. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Perez Catán, Soledad. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentin