Determination of breath alcohol value after using mouthwashes containing ethanol in healthy young adults.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breath alcohol value and blood alcohol concentration after using mouthwashes containing ethanol in a panel of healthy young adults. To determine zeroing time of these values and if subjects\u2019 body mass index or gender influenced it. Breathalyzer test is a practice performed to detect alcohol-impaired-drivers that can be penalized. Sometimes Italian judges revoke the penalty justifying that the presence of residual ethanol in the oral cavity can cause false positive values. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study involved 40 young adult volunteers; the cohort was composed of University students aged between 21 and 30 years. They underwent a medical examination to evaluate BMI. We selected four alcoholic mouthwashes available on the market with a different ethanol amount and an ethanol/ water (10/90) mixture as a reference. Breath alcohol concentration values were collected using a portable breathalyzer immediately after the rinse (T0), after 10 and 20 minutes (T10 and T20). We evaluated blood alcohol concentration 5 minutes after the rinse. RESULTS: All T10 values are lower than 0.5 g/L (Italian BAC driving limit). Differences between average values at T0-T10 are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlations between BAV and BMI are not statistically significant respectively at T0 (A: p = 0.54. B: p = 0.96. C: p = 0.93. D: p = 0.53) and T10 (A: p = 0.42. C: p = 0.99. D: p = 0.66). Differences between male and female groups aren\u2019t statistically significant (A: p = 0.49; B: p = 0.79; C: p = 0.97; D: p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: High BAV values determined at T-0 are a consequence of residual ethanol present in the oral cavity, the zeroing time of these ones is very swift. Our study shows that rinsing with an alcoholic mouthwash before undergoing the breathalyzer test does not realistically influence the result

Daily and annually variation of unstimulated whole saliva flow rate and ph and their relation with body profile in healthy young adults.

AIM: To analyse pH and flow rate (FR) of unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), detecting their possible correlations both among themselves and with body profile; in addition to identify daily, annually and gender differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one (47 ?; 34 ?) healthy young adults (mean age 22.7±4.09 years old) were enrolled. Saliva was sampled using spitting method. The data were statistically analysed using Pearson's coefficient, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t test or the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The mean UWS/FR was 0.643 ml/min (range 0.164-1.656 ml/min; percentile 25 = 0.400 ml/min; percentile 50 = 0.643 ml/min, percentile 75 = 0.832 ml/min; median = 0.590 ml/min) and no significant differences were found in gender. The mean UWS/pH was 6.95 (range 6.06-7.91, S.D. 0.28, RSD % 4.08): pH was higher in males (7.02) than females (6.92; p = 0.009). The UWS/FR increased almost steadily during the day: from 0.593 ml/min at 9:00 to 0.669 ml/min at 17:00 (p = 0.04), the greatest increase was found between 9:00 and 11:00. Through the seasons the UWS/FR decreased from summer to spring with a difference of 0.048 ml/min (p < 0.05). The UWS/pH showed a slight increase between 9:00 and 17:00 (p < 0.05). There were little differences in UWS/pH among the seasons (max. 0.09; p < 0.05). Only a significant correlation between UWS/FR and pH was found (R = 0.20; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find correlations between body profile vs UWS/FR or pH. UWS/FR varies more widely than UWS/pH: maintaining a proper acid/base balance is an essential factor for the homeostasis of the oral cavity and probably this would explain the reason for the lack of the variables evaluated influencing UWS/pH

Maxillary rehabilitation according to the \u201call on six\u201d immediate implant loading, by using flapless comupter guided implant surgery. A case report.

Scopo: presentare un caso di riabilitazione completa del mascellare superiore con 6 impianti e una protesi fissa provvisoria in resina a carico immediato utilizzando il software Nobel-guide\uae. Materiali e metodi: su un modello 3D, ottenuto da una TC a doppia scansione, \ue8 stato pianificato l\u2019inserimento con tecnica flapless in anestesia locale e sedazione cosciente di sei impianti al mascellare superiore, attraverso la realizzazione di una mascherina chirurgica. Un accurato studio del caso ha permesso, la preparazione preventiva da parte del laboratorio odontotecnico di una protesi fissa in resina che \ue8 stata applicata con minimi ritocchi, al termine dell\u2019intervento, Risultati: l\u2019utilizzo della metodica Nobel-guide\uae ci ha permesso di riabilitare un\u2019intera arcata edentula in breve tempo e con minimi disagi per la nostra paziente. Conclusioni: la metodica Nobel-guide\uae, attraverso la precisa simulazione su un modello virtuale dell\u2019asse e della profondit\ue0 d\u2019inserzione degli impianti, permette la preparazione preventiva di una protesi fissa provvisoria, sufficientemente precisa da consentire l\u2019immediato carico degli impianti, consentendo la riabilitazione completa di arcate edentule in tempi brevi, con buoni risultati estetici e funzionali e con minimi disagi per il paziente

La halitosis: revision de la literatura. Segunda parte

La halitosis es un trastorno capaz de condicionar la calidad de vida, particularmente en lo que atañe a las relaciones sociales. Mediante una atenta revisión de la literatura se han puesto de relieve las hipótesis etiológicas, tanto orales como extraorales, de la halitosis y el correspondiente enfoque diagnóstico-terapéutico por parte del odontólogo y del higienista dental