EFFECT OF PERFORMANCE SPEED ON THE KINEMATICS AND KINETICS OF TWO TRUNK AND HIP STRENGTHENING EXERCISES

The aim of this work was to study the effect of speed on the sit-up (SU) and leg raising-lowering (LRL) exercise technique. Seventeen subjects volunteered to participate, performing at 3 cadences. Video 3D analysis was conducted and ground reaction forces were record. The anterior-posterior displacement of the centre of pressure (COP) and mean range of motion (ROM) for 6 angles were calculated. Results indicate that when SU speed increases, hip and knee ROM increase, while there is a decrease in the upper trunk flexion. In the LRL there is a decrease in the pelvic tilt and hip angle, and an increase in the knee angle. It seems that in higher speed exercises, subjects modified their technique to keep up with the cadence. Coaches and trainers should control the subjects’ technique during the execution of these high speed exercises

A recent rebuilding of most spirals ?

Re-examination of the properties of distant galaxies leads to the evidence that most present-day spirals have built up half of their stellar masses during the last 8 Gyr, mostly during several intense phases of star formation during which they took the appearance of luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs). Distant galaxy morphologies encompass all of the expected stages of galaxy merging, central core formation and disk growth, while their cores are much bluer than those of present-day bulges. We have tested a spiral rebuilding scenario, for which 75+/-25% of spirals have experienced their last major merger event less than 8 Gyr ago. It accounts for the simultaneous decreases, during that period, of the cosmic star formation density, of the merger rate, of the number densities of LIRGs and of compact galaxies, while the densities of ellipticals and large spirals are essentially unaffected.Comment: (1) GEPI, Obs. Meudon, France ;(2)Max-Planck Institut fuer Astronomie, Germany (3) National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, China. Five pages, 1 figure. To be published in "Starbursts: From 30 Doradus to Lyman Break Galaxies", held in Cambridge, ed. R. de Grijs & R. M. Gonzalez Delgado (Dordrecht: Kluwer

Rare earth element and yttrium geochemistry applied to the genetic study of cryolite ore at the Pitinga Mine (Amazon, Brazil)

This work aims at the geochemical study of Pitinga cryolite mineralization through REE and Y analyses in disseminated and massive cryolite ore deposits, as well as in fluorite occurrences. REE signatures in fluorite and cryolite are similar to those in the Madeira albite granite. The highest ΣREE values are found in magmatic cryolite (677 to 1345 ppm); ΣREE is lower in massive cryolite. Average values for the different cryolite types are 10.3 ppm, 6.66 ppm and 8.38 ppm (for nucleated, caramel and white types, respectively). Disseminated fluorite displays higher ΣREE values (1708 and 1526ppm) than fluorite in late veins(34.81ppm). Yttrium concentration is higher in disseminated fluorite and in magmatic cryolite. The evolution of several parameters (REEtotal, LREE/HREE, Y) was followed throughout successive stages of evolution in albite granites and associated mineralization. At the end of the process, late cryolite was formed with low REEtotal content. REE data indicate that the MCD was formed by, and the disseminated ore enriched by (additional formation of hydrothermal disseminated cryolite), hydrothermal fluids, residual from albite granite. The presence of tetrads is poorly defined, although nucleated, caramel and white cryolite types show evidence for tetrad effect.Este trabalho enfoca a geoquímica de elementos terras raras (ETR) e de Y no minério criolítico disseminado, no depósito criolítico maciço e na fluorita associada na mina Pitinga. As assinaturas de ETR na criolita e fluorita são similares àquelas do granito Madeira. Os maiores valores de SETR são encontrados na criolita magmática disseminada (677 a 1.345 ppm); SETR é menor na criolita maciça, com valores médios de 10,3 ppm, 6,66 ppm e 8,38 ppm, respectivamente, nos tipos de criolita nucleada, caramelo e branca. A fluorita magmática disseminada apresenta os valores mais altos de SETR (1.708 e 1.526 ppm), contrastando com a fluorita de veio tardio(34,81 ppm). A concentração de Y é maior na fluorita disseminada e na criolita magmática. As evoluções de diversos parâmetros (SETR, ETRL/ETRP, Y) podem ser seguidas através dos sucessivos estágios de evolução dos albita granitos e mineralização associada. Os dados de ETR indicam que o depósito criolítico maciço foi formado por, e o minério disseminado enriquecido por (formação adicional criolita disseminada hidrotermal), fluidos hidrotermais residuais do albita granito. A presença do efeito tetrad não é bem definida, embora as criolitas maciças nucleada, caramelo e branca apresentem algumas evidências deste efeito.FINEPAgência para o Desenvolvimento da Indústria Mineral do BrasilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) - Departamento Nacional de Produção MineralFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) - Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de ExcelênciaCNP

Optimization of culture media to produce Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 in a handcrafted bioreactor

El objetivo de esta investigación fue optimizar un medio nutritivo basado en fertilizantes para el cultivo de Bacillus subtilis en un biorreactor tipo Airlift. Para este fin se analizaron veintisiete medios preparados mediante la combinación de cinco factores con tres niveles que incluyen sacarosa, sulfato de amonio, superfosfato triple de calcio, fórmula UltraK® e inóculo (Serenade® Max).  Este biorreactor es un Airlift de 50 L de capacidad, de diseño artesanal elaborado por los autores.  Las variables monitoreadas en los medios fueron absorbencia, oxígeno disuelto, pH y temperatura. La primera fue la que se tomó más en cuenta para la optimización pues es el indicador indirecto del crecimiento bacteriano.  Se eligió para Señal/Ruido la opción “Más grande es mejor”, obteniendo los análisis de varianza y gráficos de los efectos principales de acuerdo al método Taguchi.  Los resultados indicaron que el nivel alto de sacarosa, conjuntamente con el nivel bajo de superfosfato de calcio son importantes para el máximo crecimiento en el tiempo estudiado. En cambio, los componentes como sulfato de amonio, fórmula UltraK® o la cantidad de inóculo no resultaron significativos, lo cual significa que se pueden adicionar en el nivel bajo.  Esta nueva información se puede incorporar aplicada a biorreactores de >2500 L que previamente hemos desarrollado.  Como conclusión final es que el máximo crecimiento bacteriano depende de un buen suministro de sacarosa, limitando el superfosfato triple de calcio.  Adicionalmente, es prudente disminuir las adiciones de sulfato de amonio debido a que reduce el oxígeno disuelto en el medio nutritivo.Objective. To optimize a nutrient medium based on fertilizers for the cultivation of Bacillus subtilis in an Airlift-type handcrafted bioreactor. Design/Methodology/Approach. Twenty-seven nutrient media, fixed by combining five factors with three levels, including sucrose, ammonium sulfate, triple superphosphate, UltraK® formula, and B. subtilis inoculum (Serenade® Max) were tested in a 50L handcrafted by the authors. The variables monitored in the media were absorbance, dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature. The first was the one that was considered for optimization as it is the indirect indicator of bacterial growth. On the statistical analysis, the option "Larger is better" was chosen for Signal/Noise for the ANOVA of the main effects according to the Taguchi method.     Results.  The highest level of sucrose, together with the lowest level of triple superphosphate were determinants for maximum growth of Bacillus in the time studied. On the other hand, the components such as ammonium sulfate, UltraK® formula, or the amount of inoculum were not significant, which means that they can be added from the mid to low levels. Study limitations/Implications.  This new information can be scaled to bioreactors of 2500 L for B. subtilis that we have previously developed. Finding/Conclusions. Maximum bacterial growth depends on a good supply of sucrose, limiting triple superphosphate. Additionally, it is prudent to decrease additions of ammonium sulfate because it reduces dissolved oxygen in the nutrient medium

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Reducing heterotic M-theory to five dimensional supergravity on a manifold with boundary

This paper constructs the reduction of heterotic $M$-theory in eleven dimensions to a supergravity model on a manifold with boundary in five dimensions using a Calabi-Yau three-fold. New results are presented for the boundary terms in the action and for the boundary conditions on the bulk fields. Some general features of dualisation on a manifold with boundary are used to explain the origin of some topological terms in the action. The effect of gaugino condensation on the fermion boundary conditions leads to a `twist' in the chirality of the gravitino which can provide an uplifting mechanism in the vacuum energy to cancel the cosmological constant after moduli stabilisation.Comment: 16 pages, RevTe