Clinical Use and Therapeutic Potential of IVIG/SCIG, Plasma-Derived IgA or IgM, and Other Alternative Immunoglobulin Preparations

Intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin preparations, consisting of IgG class antibodies, are increasingly used to treat a broad range of pathological conditions, including humoral immune deficiencies, as well as acute and chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. A plethora of Fab- or Fc-mediated immune regulatory mechanisms has been described that might act separately or in concert, depending on pathogenesis or stage of clinical condition. Attempts have been undertaken to improve the efficacy of polyclonal IgG preparations, including the identification of relevant subfractions, mild chemical modification of molecules, or modification of carbohydrate side chains. Furthermore, plasma-derived IgA or IgM preparations may exhibit characteristics that might be exploited therapeutically. The need for improved treatment strategies without increase in plasma demand is a goal and might be achieved by more optimal use of plasma-derived proteins, including the IgA and the IgM fractions. This article provides an overview on the current knowledge and future strategies to improve the efficacy of regular IgG preparations and discusses the potential of human plasma-derived IgA, IgM, and preparations composed of mixtures of IgG, IgA, and IgM

Untersuchungen ueber den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Abgasturboaufladeverfahren auf die thermodynamischen Erfolgsgroessen und Auslegungsdaten eines hochaufgeladenen Dieselmotors, insbesondere unter Beruecksichtigung des Aufladesystems bei Teillasten des Motors Abschlussbericht. Teil 2: Programmbeschreibung 'STAU'. Programmbeschreibungen fuer die Rechenprogramme zur Berechnung des Betriebsverhaltens ein- und zweistufig aufgeladener Viertaktdieselmotoren im Stau- und Stossbetrieb. Vorhaben Nr. 131 u. 174

TIB Hannover: RA 1581 (252,2) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Global spatial distributions of nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios of modern human hair

RATIONALE: Natural stable carbon (C-13) and nitrogen isotope ratios (N-15) of humans are related to individual dietary habits and environmental and physiological factors. In forensic science the stable isotope ratios of human remains such as hair and nail are used for geographical allocation. Thus, knowledge of the global spatial distribution of human C-13 and N-15 values is an essential component in the interpretation of stable isotope analytical results. METHODS: No substantial global datasets of human stable isotope ratios are currently available, although the amount of available (published) data has increased within recent years. We have herein summarised the published data on human global C-13 and(15)N values (around 3600 samples) and added experimental values of more than 400 additional worldwide human hair and nail samples. In order to summarise isotope ratios for hair and nail samples correction factors were determined. RESULTS: The current available dataset of human stable isotope ratios is biased towards Europe and North America with only limited data for countries in Africa, Central and South America and Southeast Asia. The global spatial distribution of carbon isotopes is related to latitude and supports the fact that human C-13 values are dominated by the amount of C-4 plants in the diet, either due to direct ingestion as plant food, or by its use as animal feed. In contrast, the global spatial distribution of human N-15 values is apparently not exclusively related to the amount of fish or meat ingested, but also to environmental factors that influence agricultural production. CONCLUSIONS: There are still a large proportion of countries, especially in Africa, where there are no available data for human carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Although the interpretation of modern human carbon isotope ratios at the global scale is quite possible, and correlates with the latitude, the potential influences of extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors on human nitrogen isotope ratios have to be taken into consideration. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Untersuchungen ueber den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Abgasturboaufladeverfahren auf die thermodynamischen Erfolgsgroessen und Auslegungsdaten eines hochaufgeladenen Dieselmotors, insbesondere unter Beruecksichtigung des Aufladesystems bei Teillasten des Motors Abschlussbericht. Berichtszeitraum: 1.Juli 1976 bis 30.Juni 1978. Teil 1: Textteil. Vorhaben Nr. 131 und 174

TIB Hannover: RA 1581 (252,1) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Untersuchung ueber den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Abgasturboaufladeverfahren auf die thermodynamischen Erfolgsgroessen und Auslegungsdaten eines hochaufgeladenen Dieselmotors, insbesondere unter Beruecksichtigung des Aufladesystems bei Teillasten des Motors Abschlussbericht. Teil 3: Programmbeschreibung 'STOSS'. Programmbeschreibungen fuer die Rechenprogramme zur Berechnung des Betriebsverhaltens ein- und zweistufig aufgeladener Viertaktdieselmotoren im Stau- und Stossbetrieb. Vorhaben Nr. 131 u. 174

TIB Hannover: RA 1581 (252,3) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman