Flow-injection analysis using catalytic reactions in environmental monitoring (review)

The state-of-the-art and prospects of flow-injection analysis (FIA) for environmental monitoring (natural and effluent water, atmospheric air, precipitation, soil, etc.) using catalytic reactions (including catalytic polarographic currents) are discussed. Catalytic effects of Cu(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Hg(II), Fe(II, III), Se(IV), V(IV, V), Mo(VI), Cr(III, VI), iodide, bromide, fluoride, chloride, and carbonate ions in FIA redox reactions are illustrated. The merit of various activators - citrate and tartrate ions, dipyridyl, Tiron, etc. - in enhancing sensitivity and selectivity of catalytic indicator reactions is outlined. © 2000 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers

Chromatographic techniques in forensic chemical examinations

Some aspects of the use of chromatographic analytical techniques in the forensic chemical examination of materials, substances, and products were considered. The detection and subsequent expert examination of various materials (psychoactive drugs, explosives, gunshot residues, etc.) was exemplified. It was demonstrated that the effectiveness and validity of the evidential matter of expert examinations can be provided by tdeveloping a uniform system for comprehensive forensic chemical examinations of material and products; within the framework of this system, expert examinations should be performed with a required reliability and accuracy

Voltammetric flow-injection determination of glucose in blood serum

A method for voltammetric flow-injection determination of glucose in blood serum is described by which the catalytic current associated with formation of the Fehling reactant on a metallic copper electrode is used as the analyte signal. The analyte signal is proportional to the concentration of glucose in the range of 1 × 10-4 - 1 × 10-3 M, and the throughput of the FIA system is 50 samples/h. The detection limit for determination of glucose is found to be 2 μg/ml. © 1999 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Flow-injection determination of nickel with voltammetric detection by the catalytic hydrogen current

It is shown that the analytical signal in a flow-injection system with voltammetric detection can, in principle, be measured by the catalytic current of hydrogen liberation in solutions of nickel(II) cysteinates in the range 0.3-6.0 μg/mL Ni with a throughput capacity of 25 samples/h. © 1996 MAEe Cyrillic sign;K Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Diacetylmorphine with Mass Spectrometric Detection

The possibility of determining diacetylmorphine traces in various matrices by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection is demonstrated. Diacetylmorphine can be reliably determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the range 0.02-7.5 μg/mL. A procedure is developed for the quantitative determination of diacetylmorphine and its concomitants, including acetylated opioid derivatives, in forensic samples. The detection limit for diacetylmorphine without preconcentration is 0.01 μg/mL. The detection limit in the selective-ion monitoring mode with preconcentration is 1 × 10 -4 ×g/mL

Flow-injection systems for determining iron(III) and iodide with the use of catalytic reactions

Flow-injection systems with spectrophotometric detection were developed on the basic of catalytic reactions, namely, the Fe(III)-catalyzed oxidation of methanol with hydrogen peroxide and the iodide-catalyzed cerium-arsenite reaction. The developed systems were used to analyze industrial and natural waters. The detection limits attained were as low as 0.02 μg/mL of Fe(III) and 0.2 μg/mL of I- at relative standard deviations of 2-7% with the throughoutput of 35 and 25 h-1, respectively. © 1997 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Voltammetric determination of sugar in wines and wine materials using a copper electrode

A method for voltammetric determination of sugar in wines and wine materials is described using a metallic copper electrode in a 0.5 M NaOH solution. The method is time-saving and shows a sufficiently high reproducibility (sr ≤ 0.04). © 1999 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers

Electrocatalytic determination of oxalate ions on chemically modified electrodes

The electrocatalytic activity with respect to oxalate ions of spongy osmium immobilized within a carbon-paste electrode was studied. A procedure is proposed for electrocatalytic determination of oxalate ions on a chemically modified electrode based on spongy osmium under conditions of flow-through-injection analysis. © 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"

Chromatographic techniques in forensic chemical examinations

Some aspects of the use of chromatographic analytical techniques in the forensic chemical examination of materials, substances, and products were considered. The detection and subsequent expert examination of various materials (psychoactive drugs, explosives, gunshot residues, etc.) was exemplified. It was demonstrated that the effectiveness and validity of the evidential matter of expert examinations can be provided by tdeveloping a uniform system for comprehensive forensic chemical examinations of material and products; within the framework of this system, expert examinations should be performed with a required reliability and accuracy