1,434 research outputs found
Near-infrared Circular Polarization Images of NGC 6334-V
We present results from deep imaging linear and circular polarimetry of the massive star-forming region NGC 6334-V. These observations show high degrees of circular polarization (CP), as much as 22% in the Ks band, in the infrared nebula associated with the outflow. The CP has an asymmetric positive/negative pattern and is very extended (~80'' or 0.65 pc). Both the high CP and its extended size are larger than those seen in the Orion CP region. Three-dimensional Monte Carlo light-scattering models are used to show that the high CP may be produced by scattering from the infrared nebula followed by dichroic extinction by an optically thick foreground cloud containing aligned dust grains. Our results show not only the magnetic field orientation of around young stellar objects, but also the structure of circumstellar matter such as outflow regions and their parent molecular cloud along the line of sight. The detection of the large and extended CP in this source and the Orion nebula may imply the CP origin of the biological homochirality on EarthPeer reviewe
Developing Guidance for Implementing Border Carbon Adjustments:Lessons, Cautions, and Research Needs from the Literature
Policymakers are often reluctant to implement strong carbon pricing for fear of disadvantaging domestic industries and offshoring emissions-intensive activities. Border carbon adjustment (BCA) would address such carbon leakage concerns by using trade measures to ensure that products from foreign producers facing lower (or no) carbon prices are on equal footing with domestically produced goods. Despite intuitive economic appeal, BCA requires numerous challenging regulatory choices, including its scope of applicability (i.e., which policies, goods, sectors, countries), the methodology for assessing the carbon content of products, the type and price of the adjustment, scenarios requiring modification, and how the resulting revenues will be used. Each of these choices has economic and environmental implications that influence the effectiveness of the BCA, as well as nuanced technical, legal, and political consequences that must be considered. In particular, the design of any BCA must comport with international agreements governing trade and climate policy responsibilities. This article reviews the economic and legal literature on BCA, provides guidance for the design and implementation of BCAs, and identifies research priorities
Estudos avançados de tributação e direitos fundamentais
- Divulgação dos SUMĂRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito Ă Lei de Direitos Autorais, nĂŁo disponibilizamos a obra na Ăntegra.- Localização na estante: 336.2:342 E82a- Coordenado por: OctĂĄvio Campos Fischer e Clayton Gomes de Medeiros
Prospective object search in dogs: mixed evidence for knowledge of What and Where
We investigated whether two dogs that had been specially trained to retrieve objects by their names were able to integrate information about the identity (What) as well as the location (Where) of those objects so that they could plan their search accordingly. In a first study, two sets of objects were placed in two separate rooms and subjects were asked to retrieve the objects, one after the other. Both dogs remembered the identity of the objects as they reliably retrieved the correct objects. One of the dogs was also able to integrate information about the objectâs location as he chose the correct location in which the object had been placed. Further investigation of the second dogâs behavior revealed that she followed a more stereotyped search strategy. Despite this variation in performance, this study provides evidence for the memory of What and Where in a domestic dog and shows the prospective use of such information in a search task
The place of strategic environmental assessment in the privatised electricity industry
The private sector has given relatively little attention to the emergence of strategic environmental assessment (SEA); even recently privatised utilities, where SEA might be deemed particularly appropriate, and whose activities are likely to fall within the scope of the European Union SEA Directive, have shown less interest than might be expected. However, the global trend towards the privatisation of state-owned enterprises makes the adaptation of SEA towards these industries all the more pressing. This paper addresses the place that SEA might take within the electricity sector, taking the privatised UK electricity industry as an example. Particular challenges are posed by the radical restructuring of the industry, designed to introduce competitive behaviour, making the development of comprehensive SEA processes problematic, and requiring SEA to be placed in the context of corporate environmental policy and objectives.</p
Direito tributĂĄrio, democracia e novas tecnologias
Divulgação dos SUMĂRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito Ă Lei de Direitos Autorais, nĂŁo disponibilizamos a obra na Ăntegra.Localização na estante: 336:342.7(81) D823tCoordenado por: Octavio Campos Fischer e Marina Michel de Macedo Martynychen.Organizado por: Clayton Gomes de Medeiros
Banning the bulb: institutional evolution and the phased ban of incandescent lighting in Germany
Much academic attention has been directed at analysing energy efficiency investments through the lens of âbehavioural failureâ. These studies have challenged the neoclassical framing of regulation which emphasises the efficiency benefits of price based policy, underpinned by the notion of rational individual self-mastery. The increasing use of a regulatory ban on electric lamps in many countries is one of the most recent and high profile flash points in this dialectic of âfreedom-versus-the-stateâ in the public policy discourse. This paper interrogates this debate through a study of electric lamp diffusion in Germany. It is argued that neoclassical theory and equilibrium analysis is inadequate as a tool for policy analysis as it takes the formation of market institutions, such as existing regulations, for granted. Further still, it may be prone to encourage idealistic debates around such grand narratives which may in practice simply serve those who benefit most from the status quo. Instead we argue for an evolutionary approach which we suggest offers a more pragmatic framing tool which focuses on the formation of market institutions in light of shifting social norms and political goalsâin our case, progress towards energy efficiency and environmental goals
The DIRTY Model. I. Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer Through Dust
We present the DIRTY radiative transfer model in this paper and a companion
paper. This model computes the polarized radiative transfer of photons from
arbitrary distributions of stars through arbitrary distributions of dust using
Monte Carlo techniques. The dust re-emission is done self-consistently with the
dust absorption and scattering and includes all three important emission paths:
equilibrium thermal emission, non-equilibrium thermal emission, and the
aromatic features emission. The algorithm used for the radiative transfer
allows for the efficient computation of the appearance of a model system as
seen from any viewing direction. We present a simple method for computing an
upper limit on the output quantity uncertainties for Monte Carlo radiative
transfer models which use the weighted photon approach.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to the Ap
Highly Variable Extinction and Accretion in the Jet-driving Class I Type Young Star PTF 10nvg (V2492 Cyg, IRAS 20496+4354)
We report extensive new photometry and spectroscopy of the highly variable
young stellar object PTF 10nvg including optical and near-infrared time series
data as well as mid-infrared and millimeter data. Following the previously
reported 2010 rise, during 2011 and 2012 the source underwent additional
episodes of brightening and dimming events including prolonged faint states.
The observed high-amplitude variations are largely consistent with extinction
changes having a 220 day quasi-periodic signal. Spectral evolution includes not
only changes in the spectral slope but correlated variation in the prominence
of TiO/VO/CO bands and atomic line emission, as well as anticorrelated
variation in forbidden line emission which, along with H_2, dominates optical
and infrared spectra at faint epochs. Neutral and singly-ionized atomic species
are likely formed in an accretion flow and/or impact while the origin of
zero-velocity atomic LiI 6707 in emission is unknown. Forbidden lines,
including several rare species, exhibit blueshifted emission profiles and
likely arise from an outflow/jet. Several of these lines are also seen
spatially offset from the continuum source position, presumably in a shocked
region of an extended jet. CARMA maps resolve on larger scales a spatially
extended outflow in mm-wavelength CO. We attribute the observed photometric and
spectroscopic behavior in terms of occultation of the central star as well as
the bright inner disk and the accretion/outflow zones that renders shocked gas
in the inner part of the jet amenable to observation at the faint epochs. We
discuss PTF 10nvg as a source exhibiting both accretion-driven (perhaps
analogous to V1647 Ori) and extinction-driven (perhaps analogous to UX Ori or
GM Cep) high-amplitude variability phenomena.Comment: accepted to AJ - in press (74 pages
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